1) Researchers conducted surveys and tests with young male subjects to understand their preferences in vehicle design. Through statistical analysis, they identified that subjects placed more importance on exterior design elements like being luxurious, sophisticated, stylish, and cool.
2) Tests using eye tracking and EEG equipment showed that subjects paid most attention to the front and side areas of vehicles.
3) Researchers then designed 3D models of vehicles varying proportions and design elements to represent subjects' preferences. Statistical analysis identified relationships between certain proportions, forms, and colors that best matched subjects' senses.
Research on Automobile Exterior Color and Interior Color MatchingIJERA Editor
The objective of this research was to optimize the matching of automobile exterior colors and interior colors as a method of creative support for product planning. First, preference surveys were conducted to determine which exterior colors and interior colors suit the preferences of women in their twenties, who were the target of the research. Second, color combinations were created based on the data obtained from the preference surveys. Third, for the purpose of validation, the effectiveness of the method was confirmed by conducting surveys to determine whether the color combinations created were suitable for women in their twenties.
Nowadays, cars have become synonymous with the modern city market. The development and
splendor of the city can also portray by the use of cars. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors
affecting car buying in an urban market. This research used descriptive and causal research design. Primary
data were collected
Apply Web-based Analytic Tool and Eye Tracking to Study The Consumer Preferen...Waqas Tariq
Consumer’s preferences and purchase motivation of products often lie in the purchasing behaviors generated by the synthetic evaluation of form features, color, function, and price of products. If an enterprise can bring these criteria under control, they can grasp the opportunities in the market place. In this study, the product form, brand, and prices of five DSLR digital cameras of Nikon, Lumix, Pentax, Sony, and Olympus were investigated from the image evaluation and eye tracking. The web-based 2-dimensional analytical tool was used to present information on three layers. Layer A provided information of product form and brand name; Layer B for product form, brand name, and product price for the evaluation of purchase intention (X axis) and product form attraction (Y axis). On Layer C, Nikon J1 image samples of five color series were presented for the evaluation of attraction and purchase intention. The study results revealed that, among five Japanese brands of digital cameras, LUMIX GF3 is most preferred and serves as the major competitive product, with a product price of US$630. Through the visual focus of eye-tracking, the lens, curvatured handle bar, the curve part and shuttle button above the lens as well as the flexible flash of LUMIX GF3 are the parts that attract the consumer’s eyes. From the verbal descriptions, it is found that consumers emphasize the functions of 3D support lens, continuous focusing in shooting video, iA intelligent scene mode, and all manual control support. In the color preference of Nikon J1, the red and white colors are most preferred while pink is least favored. These findings can serve as references for designers and marketing personnel in new product design and development.
Consumer behavior is "The study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society."
Research on Automobile Exterior Color and Interior Color MatchingIJERA Editor
The objective of this research was to optimize the matching of automobile exterior colors and interior colors as a method of creative support for product planning. First, preference surveys were conducted to determine which exterior colors and interior colors suit the preferences of women in their twenties, who were the target of the research. Second, color combinations were created based on the data obtained from the preference surveys. Third, for the purpose of validation, the effectiveness of the method was confirmed by conducting surveys to determine whether the color combinations created were suitable for women in their twenties.
Nowadays, cars have become synonymous with the modern city market. The development and
splendor of the city can also portray by the use of cars. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors
affecting car buying in an urban market. This research used descriptive and causal research design. Primary
data were collected
Apply Web-based Analytic Tool and Eye Tracking to Study The Consumer Preferen...Waqas Tariq
Consumer’s preferences and purchase motivation of products often lie in the purchasing behaviors generated by the synthetic evaluation of form features, color, function, and price of products. If an enterprise can bring these criteria under control, they can grasp the opportunities in the market place. In this study, the product form, brand, and prices of five DSLR digital cameras of Nikon, Lumix, Pentax, Sony, and Olympus were investigated from the image evaluation and eye tracking. The web-based 2-dimensional analytical tool was used to present information on three layers. Layer A provided information of product form and brand name; Layer B for product form, brand name, and product price for the evaluation of purchase intention (X axis) and product form attraction (Y axis). On Layer C, Nikon J1 image samples of five color series were presented for the evaluation of attraction and purchase intention. The study results revealed that, among five Japanese brands of digital cameras, LUMIX GF3 is most preferred and serves as the major competitive product, with a product price of US$630. Through the visual focus of eye-tracking, the lens, curvatured handle bar, the curve part and shuttle button above the lens as well as the flexible flash of LUMIX GF3 are the parts that attract the consumer’s eyes. From the verbal descriptions, it is found that consumers emphasize the functions of 3D support lens, continuous focusing in shooting video, iA intelligent scene mode, and all manual control support. In the color preference of Nikon J1, the red and white colors are most preferred while pink is least favored. These findings can serve as references for designers and marketing personnel in new product design and development.
Consumer behavior is "The study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society."
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Profile of secondary glaucoma cases in a tertiary eye care centre.iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
An Architectural Approach of Data Hiding In Images Using Mobile Communicationiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
BER Analysis ofImpulse Noise inOFDM System Using LMS,NLMS&RLSiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Enhancement of Routing Performance for Energy Efficiency and Critical Event M...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Association of Hypertension with Behavioural Risk Factors in Adults in a Rura...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
A Maxillary Second Molar with an unusual positioning of PalatoMesiobuccal Can...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
A Novel Three-Dimensional Adaptive Localization (T-Dial) Algorithm for Wirele...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Leveraging Map Reduce With Hadoop for Weather Data Analytics iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Algorithm for Securing SOAP Based Web Services from WSDL Scanning Attacksiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Investigate the Effect of Different Mobility Trajectory on VOD over WIMAXiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Scheduling Using Multi Objective Genetic Algorithmiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Preemptive Analgesia for Attenuation of Postoperative Pain in Patients Underg...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Find here extensive range of Moisture Analyzer that is perfect for measuring moisture in almost any type of products such as foods, cosmetic products, grains, chemicals, pharmaceutical products and etc. No longer, it is difficult to get most accurate and simplest method to measure in the given substance. Most significant thing about this device is that one can easily use them without taking the help from any expert.
Secured Source Anonymous Message Authentication Using Wireless Sensor Networkiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Las alarmas Verisure te protegen a ti y a tu vivienda, pero también es necesario mantener hábitos de seguridad para aumentar nuestra protección. En esta infografía, Verisure te ayuda a protegerte en la red con los mejores consejos.
Innovation in product form and function: customer perception of their valueGurdal Ertek
The goal of product design is to obtain the maximum effect with minimum cost in functionality and aesthetic beauty. Consumers are attracted to the designs that reflect their use behaviors and psychological responses more than they are to the simple visual
representations. When product functions and qualities are similar across products, customers make their purchasing decision upon aesthetic form. Form presents a significant competitive factor that improves the value of a product. Overall, the purpose of this study is to examine the most important product design factors that affect the market share trends of mobile phone companies. Study uses product characteristics for
1,028 mobile phones released between 2003 and 2008 as a case study. The multiple linear regression analysis is used to select highly correlated variables that influence the market share, and Mallow's Cp method is used to determine the best-fitting model. The Partial Regression Coefficients are used to evaluate the relative importance of design criteria. The nine mobile phone design features that affect the market share were
identified, and the block form style is determined as the most important design factor. Using these approaches, this study demonstrates how investments should be directed in the next mobile phone design process.
http://research.sabanciuniv.edu.
Innovation in Product Form And Function: Customer Perception Of Their Valueertekg
Download Link > https://ertekprojects.com/gurdal-ertek-publications/blog/innovation-in-product-form-and-function-customer-perception-of-their-value/
The goal of product design is to obtain the maximum effect with minimum cost in functionality and aesthetic beauty. Consumers are attracted to the designs that reflect their use behaviors and psychological responses more than they are to the simple visual representations. When product functions and qualities are similar across products, customers make their purchasing decision upon aesthetic form. Form presents a significant competitive factor that improves the value of a product. Overall, the purpose of this study is to examine the most important product design factors that affect the market share trends of mobile phone companies. Study uses product characteristics for 1,028 mobile phones released between 2003 and 2008 as a case study. The multiple linear regression analysis is used to select highly correlated variables that influence the market share, and Mallow's Cp method is used to determine the best-fitting model. The Partial Regression Coefficients are used to evaluate the relative importance of design criteria. The nine mobile phone design features that affect the market share were identified, and the block form style is determined as the most important design factor. Using these approaches, this study demonstrates how investments should be directed in the next mobile phone design process.
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Profile of secondary glaucoma cases in a tertiary eye care centre.iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
An Architectural Approach of Data Hiding In Images Using Mobile Communicationiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
BER Analysis ofImpulse Noise inOFDM System Using LMS,NLMS&RLSiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Enhancement of Routing Performance for Energy Efficiency and Critical Event M...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Association of Hypertension with Behavioural Risk Factors in Adults in a Rura...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
A Maxillary Second Molar with an unusual positioning of PalatoMesiobuccal Can...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
A Novel Three-Dimensional Adaptive Localization (T-Dial) Algorithm for Wirele...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Leveraging Map Reduce With Hadoop for Weather Data Analytics iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Algorithm for Securing SOAP Based Web Services from WSDL Scanning Attacksiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Investigate the Effect of Different Mobility Trajectory on VOD over WIMAXiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Scheduling Using Multi Objective Genetic Algorithmiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Preemptive Analgesia for Attenuation of Postoperative Pain in Patients Underg...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Find here extensive range of Moisture Analyzer that is perfect for measuring moisture in almost any type of products such as foods, cosmetic products, grains, chemicals, pharmaceutical products and etc. No longer, it is difficult to get most accurate and simplest method to measure in the given substance. Most significant thing about this device is that one can easily use them without taking the help from any expert.
Secured Source Anonymous Message Authentication Using Wireless Sensor Networkiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Las alarmas Verisure te protegen a ti y a tu vivienda, pero también es necesario mantener hábitos de seguridad para aumentar nuestra protección. En esta infografía, Verisure te ayuda a protegerte en la red con los mejores consejos.
Innovation in product form and function: customer perception of their valueGurdal Ertek
The goal of product design is to obtain the maximum effect with minimum cost in functionality and aesthetic beauty. Consumers are attracted to the designs that reflect their use behaviors and psychological responses more than they are to the simple visual
representations. When product functions and qualities are similar across products, customers make their purchasing decision upon aesthetic form. Form presents a significant competitive factor that improves the value of a product. Overall, the purpose of this study is to examine the most important product design factors that affect the market share trends of mobile phone companies. Study uses product characteristics for
1,028 mobile phones released between 2003 and 2008 as a case study. The multiple linear regression analysis is used to select highly correlated variables that influence the market share, and Mallow's Cp method is used to determine the best-fitting model. The Partial Regression Coefficients are used to evaluate the relative importance of design criteria. The nine mobile phone design features that affect the market share were
identified, and the block form style is determined as the most important design factor. Using these approaches, this study demonstrates how investments should be directed in the next mobile phone design process.
http://research.sabanciuniv.edu.
Innovation in Product Form And Function: Customer Perception Of Their Valueertekg
Download Link > https://ertekprojects.com/gurdal-ertek-publications/blog/innovation-in-product-form-and-function-customer-perception-of-their-value/
The goal of product design is to obtain the maximum effect with minimum cost in functionality and aesthetic beauty. Consumers are attracted to the designs that reflect their use behaviors and psychological responses more than they are to the simple visual representations. When product functions and qualities are similar across products, customers make their purchasing decision upon aesthetic form. Form presents a significant competitive factor that improves the value of a product. Overall, the purpose of this study is to examine the most important product design factors that affect the market share trends of mobile phone companies. Study uses product characteristics for 1,028 mobile phones released between 2003 and 2008 as a case study. The multiple linear regression analysis is used to select highly correlated variables that influence the market share, and Mallow's Cp method is used to determine the best-fitting model. The Partial Regression Coefficients are used to evaluate the relative importance of design criteria. The nine mobile phone design features that affect the market share were identified, and the block form style is determined as the most important design factor. Using these approaches, this study demonstrates how investments should be directed in the next mobile phone design process.
Creating a Bicycle Design Approach Model Based on Fashion Stylesiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study of Customer Purchasing Behaviour of Automobiles in Kukatpally, Hyderabadijtsrd
In this competitive world automobiles have become an important part of daily transportation and the competition between different automobile industries lead to the high level innovations in automobiles in order to reach the needs of people. This research attempts to answer some of the questions regarding brand personality of selected cars by conducting the survey. This research will help in knowing what a customer thinks about a given brand of car and what are the possible factors guiding a possible purchase. The main aim of this research is to analyse sales of a particular automobile company and to identify the advertisements and sales promotion activities adopted by the automobile companies. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the consumer purchase behaviour of automobiles. This research highlights the various factors which influence the consumer behaviour towards four wheeler, small sedan cars purchase decision and their behaviour and level of satisfaction. Dr. Mayuri Chaturvedi | Baddam Harish Reddy "A Study of Customer Purchasing Behaviour of Automobiles in Kukatpally, Hyderabad" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21376.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/consumer-behaviour/21376/a-study-of-customer-purchasing-behaviour-of-automobiles-in-kukatpally-hyderabad/dr-mayuri-chaturvedi
Analyzing target user group¡¦s preferences and product form design specificat...Waqas Tariq
In the modern market where consumerism is running higher and the product life span is getting shorter, it is one of the challenges for the marketing and design departments in enterprises to know how to get a thorough grasp of the consumer¡¦s preference and potential target user group. With the wide spread and growth of the internet, a web-based survey is not influenced by time and space factors, making it easier for designers to have an in-depth understanding of the consumer¡¦s preferences towards products. Based upon the 2-dimensional image scale, 120 college students from Taiwan and Japan were invited to evaluate 27 pencil sharpener samples in terms of their preferences and intention of purchase. From the survey, competitive portable pencil sharpeners were identified for the references of new product design and development. The results indicated that such a web-based 2-dimensional image survey system could offer real time help in product segmentation and the selection of competition products as well as the target user group with the output systematic diagrams and tables. Furthermore, morphological analysis for product form elements and quantification type I analysis could help designers and marketing managers set up proper policies for product form design for the target user groups in the design and marketing of new product development.
An Analysis to Determine the Priority Emotional Design in Kansei Engineering ...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The customer satisfaction is as the challenges on
how they can deliver the quality of product for their success
and survival in today’s competitive environment. Based on
this reason, this research is carried out to identify and
investigate the satisfaction toward the customer requirement
of the product development based on their emotional feeling
and how deep we can intepret those meanings behind the
quality attributes in product. This study highlights the
integration study between Kansei Engineering (KE) and
Analythical Hierachy Process (AHP) which in practice
towards the product development. KE used to find, obtain
and interpret emotional needs of consumers of a product,
investigate what the customer requirement based on their
emotional feeling articulated in Semantic Differential scale
context. In order to support, the research is conducted among
100 respondents as a sample size towards car user in Klang
Valley, Malaysia. Studies proved and showed that there an
existing correlation appears and significant findings between
the emotional design quality and product chosen. A daily life
product will be used as case studies (car center stack), as a
real situation feature to apply the idea. Results, by using the
Analythical Hierachy Process (AHP) as a decision maker, the
design No 2, is the best design selected among 4 final designs
in concept generation. It gives the emotional feeling of Ideal
(Kansei Word). The ideal design of the car center stack is the
design that has practical arrangement and not too fancy and
too crowded in the middle of the stack. This study found that
and shows us that the perceived attributes or qualities is
impacted or influenced against the emotional design.
selection of representative kansei adjectives using cluster analysis a case ...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This study aims to select the representative Kansei adjectives or words in Kansei engineering methodology. This study used the passenger car design as its experimental case study. A two-stage cluster analysis was carried out for selecting the representative Kansei adjectives. The selection process of the representative Kansei adjectives was determined based on the smallest distance of individual Kansei adjective to the centroid of each cluster. Thus, the results indicated that ‘modern’, ‘elegant, ‘sporty’, and ‘youthful’ were thereupon selected as appropriate adjectives to represent the initial set of Kansei adjectives. As a conclusion, the cluster analysis method was able to systematically select the representative Kansei adjective and easily interpretable for Kansei engineering.
Video Commercial Image Preference Study Through The Web Analytical ToolCSCJournals
In the web Kansei image survey, one single perspective view, instead of multiple views for detailed product information, is often used for evaluation. Moreover, on-line video commercials are rarely seen in marketing survey. To solve the insufficient product information problem, this study integrates the eye tracking system to offer more precise data in addition to the multiple perspective views in the 2-dimensioal web analytical system. For commercial image test, video files are added in the web analytical system The web technique and quantitative analytical method are expected to help enterprises in their consumer attitude and image evaluation through video commercials. Through the web analytical system, the image and target user group preference analysis can be conducted for the references of marketing. In this study, four motorbike brands, SYM, KYMCO, YAMAHA, PGO, are used for the image preference survey. Through such a web analytical system, the coordinate values for the video commercials can be obtained for product positioning analysis in real time to select a proper video commercial with better image perceptions for further development. The survey verifies the suitability and feasibility of integrating video files with multiple views in the web analytical system. This will upgrade the total function and service of the web analytical system in new product design and marketing commercial development.
Cutting through Social Media noise to better understand customer sentiment an...Anup Deshmukh
The RPL Social Media Intelligence solution helps an Indian car manufacturer understand customer sentiment about a new car model so that they can sharpen their marketing approach
An Examination of Effectuation Dimension as Financing Practice of Small and M...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Does Goods and Services Tax (GST) Leads to Indian Economic Development?iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Childhood Factors that influence success in later lifeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Emotional Intelligence and Work Performance Relationship: A Study on Sales Pe...iosrjce
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Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
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Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Planning Of Procurement o different goods and services
Creating a Vehicle Proportion, Form, and Color Matching Model
1. IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-0661,p-ISSN: 2278-8727, Volume 17, Issue 3, Ver. III (May – Jun. 2015), PP 09-16
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/0661-17330916 www.iosrjournals.org 9 | Page
Creating a Vehicle Proportion, Form, and Color Matching Model
Shuntaro Toyoda1
, Yoshinori Nishio2
, Kakuro Amasaka3
1
(Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Japan)
2
(Faculty of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Japan)
3
(Faculty of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Japan)
Abstract: Product design in the manufacturing industry is one of the most critical elements influencing
consumer purchase behavior. As consumer values become increasingly diverse, design is becoming an
important element for automakers as well. To address this issue, the authors took a Customer Science approach,
creating supporting ideas for product development that capture the customers' sense. One original idea was
creating a Vehicle Proportion, Form, and Color Matching approach method, and the effectiveness of this tool
was then verified. The first step in the research process was to conduct a survey of sensory words and then
perform a principal component analysis and cluster analysis to identify the elements that influence vehicle
preference. Next, an eye camera and electroencephalograph (EEG) was used to analyze line of sight and
discover the areas that caught customers’ attention. The insights gained from these investigations were then
used to create 3D-CAD model cars with different proportions and forms, which were in turn analyzed using
experimental design (DE) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methods to identify ideal relationships among
proportion, form, and color. The effectiveness of the proposed model in supporting idea generation during
actual vehicle design and development was then verified.
Keywords: vehicle, Proportion, Form, Color, Matching Approach Model
I. Introduction
Product design in the manufacturing industry is one of the most critical elements influencing consumer
purchase behavior. As consumer values become increasingly diverse, design is becoming an important element
for automakers as well. Unfortunately, as people’s values and subjective preferences become more varied and
complex, it becomes increasingly difficult to accurately define their wants and needs. To address this issue, the
authors took a Customer Science approach, creating supporting ideas for product development that capture the
customers' sense. One original idea was creating a Vehicle Proportion, Form, and Color Matching approach
method, and the effectiveness of this tool was then verified. The first step in the research process was to conduct
a survey of sensory words and then perform a principal component analysis and cluster analysis to identify the
elements that influence vehicle preference. Next, an eye camera and electroencephalograph (EEG) was used to
analyze line of sight and discover the areas that caught customers’ attention. The insights gained from these
investigations were then used to create 3D-CAD model cars with different proportions and forms, which were in
turn analyzed using experimental design (DE) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methods to identify ideal
relationships among proportion, form, and color. The effectiveness of the proposed model in supporting idea
generation during actual vehicle design and development was then verified.
II. Background
The development of a Customer Science approach able to identify customer wants for the purpose of
market creation has become increasingly critical in recent years. The core challenge is using better overall
vehicle quality—in other words, employing statistics—as a means of scientifically (numerically) representing
the customers’ unspoken senses (customer preferences) in design work. Reforming this business process is
absolutely essential to successfully creating attractive vehicles.
Figure 1 shows the sensory elements of design work. It starts with the three elements (1) proportion
(profile design), (2) form, and (3) color. Recent design work strategies make it a point to optimize business
processes so that they are in line with the vehicle design concept from the product planning stage. Next, each
element must be matched: (4) proportion and form, (5) form and color, and (6) proportion and color. Finally, all
three elements—(7) proportion, form, and color—must be integrated harmoniously to address modern market
demands.
As an example of a business process innovation that addresses profile design (1), the authors
(Amasaka, 2005) applied the Customer Science approach to Lexus design work and used it to spur the
development of design. The authors have simultaneously reported examples of other innovations in form (2) and
color (3), while additional research examples have focused on proportion and form matching (4) and form and
color matching (5).
2. Creating a Vehicle Proportion, Form, and Color Matching Model
DOI: 10.9790/0661-17330916 www.iosrjournals.org 10 | Page
Based on the insights gained from the above research, the authors (Toyoda,Nishio, 2014)now
attempt to develop a Matching Approach Method to integrate proportion and color (6) as well as the three
elements (proportion, form, and color) together (7). Details are given in the following sections .
Fig 1. The sensory elements of design work
III. Developing A Vehicle Proportion, Form, And Color Matching Approach Model.
This study quantitatively determines the customers’ senses in order to clearly and rationally identify the
unspoken characteristics of vehicle design with the purpose of developing optimum proportion, form, and color
matching. The approach is shown in figure 2.
Fig 2. A vehicle proportion, form, and color matching model
3.1 Identifying Key Issues (STEP 0)
To better understand today’s auto industry, the authors began by conducting interviews with key
automakers and dealers as well as with customers. They also consulted prior research to see which issues had
already been addressed and which have yet to be clearly identified.
3.2 Customer Preference Survey (STEP 1)
The authors conducted a customer preference survey based on the key issues identified above. In this
step, customers were given a questionnaire to find out which vehicles they were interested in and to pinpoint the
main factors they considered when purchasing a vehicle. Once the data was collected, the authors subjected it to
a principal component analysis and a cluster analysis in order to quantitatively determine the relationships
among different customer senses.
3.3 Identifying Focus Areas (STEP 2)
In this step, the authors used the insights gained from the customer preference survey in STEP 1 to
recruit test subjects that resembled target customers. Once the test subjects were selected, they were each fitted
with an eye camera to analyze line-of-sight information. This told the authors where the subjects placed their
attention when looking at vehicles. At the same time, an electroencephalograph (EEG) was used to measure
brain waves. This device ascertained how the subjects were feeling when they looked at certain parts of the car.
3. Creating a Vehicle Proportion, Form, and Color Matching Model
DOI: 10.9790/0661-17330916 www.iosrjournals.org 11 | Page
3.4 Identifying the Relationship between Proportion and Form (STEP 3)
The authors continued to build upon the information gained in the previous steps in order to identify
the relationship between proportion and form, two of the critical elements in exterior automotive design. To do
this, they used 3D-CAD software to actually convert vehicle characteristics into numerical specifications, thus
actually creating the vehicle designs that customers want.
3.5 Identifying the Relationships among Proportion, Form, and Color (STEP 4)
The models designed in STEP 3 were then analyzed using statistics (Design of Experiments (DOE) and
AHP) to select the model that had the optimum combination of design elements.
3.6 Developing a Verification and Approach Model (STEP 5)
Finally, the authors evaluated the success of the model selected in STEP 4. Test subjects were again
fitted with EEG equipment as the authors compared their reactions to the selected model and other vehicle
designs. The effectiveness of the model developed using their approach method was thus confirmed.
IV. Application: Development And Effectiveness Of The Vehicle Proportion, Form,
And Color Matching Approach Model.
The development of the Vehicle Proportion, Form, and Color Matching Approach Model outlined in
the previous section was applied to young men in their 20s to see whether the model selected by the method
would match their preferences. The effectiveness of the research was thus confirmed.
4.1 Customer Preference Survey (STEP 1)
In order to identify the current state of vehicle sales and design, the authors conducted interviews
between June and August with automotive companies (Nissan, Toyota, Honda), design firms (Kansai pain,
Toyota design institute), dealers (Netz Toyota Fuchinobe), and customers (51 men in their 20s) to find out what
they prioritized when building cars and/or the kinds of cars they hoped to drive. The interviews revealed a gap
between the vehicle concepts held by automotive companies and design firms on the one hand, and the look of
the vehicles that customers wanted.
Interviews with dealers also revealed that customer demands were not being sufficiently addressed.
One of the reasons for the key issues identified in the interviews was that customer demands were often
unexpressed and therefore difficult to identify. The authors thus sought to develop the Vehicle Proportion,
Form, and Color Matching Approach Method based on customers’ senses with the idea of clearly, rationally,
and numerically identifying previously unspoken customer desires. The model was then used to help resolve the
key issues listed above.
Table 1. The factor loading
Variable Name
Principle Component
Scores 1
Principle Component
Scores 2
1 0.572 -0.208
2 0.094 0.252
3 0.521 -0.562
4 0.709 0.303
5 0.825 -0.002
6 0.343 0.055
7 0.277 -0.592
8 0.263 0.304
9 0.700 0.202
10 0.409 -0.446
11 0.533 -0.420
12 0.359 0.644
13 0.615 0.052
14 0.448 -0.142
15 0.531 0.295
16 0.361 -0.253
17 0.748 -0.017
18 0.295 -0.028
19 0.780 0.113
4. Creating a Vehicle Proportion, Form, and Color Matching Model
DOI: 10.9790/0661-17330916 www.iosrjournals.org 12 | Page
Table 2. Principle component scores
Sample Name
Principle Component
Scores 1
Principle Component
Scores 2
Refined 1.141 0.266
Traditional -1.469 0.820
Eye-catching -1.265 -1.717
Smart -0.025 0.804
Modern -0.268 -1.956
Calm 0.138 1.342
Orthodox -0.946 1.529
Individual -*0.143 -1.635
Roundish -1.136 0.028
Advanced 0.862 -0.650
Sporty 0.443 -0.179
Luxurious 1.291 0.140
Sophisticated 1.203 0.460
Stylish 1.226 -0.034
Compact -0.843 0.939
Square -1.373 0.352
Practical 0.389 0.874
Feeling of oppression -0.841 0.238
Cool 1.841 -0.194
Youthful 0.218 0.139
Showy -0.433 -1.567
The first step was to survey young men in their 20s and subject the collected data to a principal
component analysis and a cluster analysis. Tables 1 and 2 show the factor loading and principle component
scores from the principal component analysis; these were used to identify 21 sensory words (refined, eye-
catching, traditional, etc.) and the correlations among them as well as to assign meaning to the principle
components.
Figure 3 shows the subjects categorized into five purchase behavior groups based on the cluster
analysis: (1) disinterested, (2) functionality-oriented, (3) self-expression-oriented, (4) outward appearance–
oriented, and (5) practicality-oriented. The self-expression and outward appearance group were combined into
an ―exterior design-oriented‖ group and selected as targets for further research. To identify more specifically the
core preferences of these customers, the cluster analysis data was transposed and sensory words for the exterior
design group were summarized into five clusters (see figure 4).
In line with the results of the principal component analysis, it was found that four sensory words from
the clusters (luxurious, sophisticated, stylish, and cool) represent the demands of the members of the exterior
design group.
Fig 3. Five purchase behavior groups based on the cluster analysis
5. Creating a Vehicle Proportion, Form, and Color Matching Model
DOI: 10.9790/0661-17330916 www.iosrjournals.org 13 | Page
Fig 4. Identify more specifically the core preferences of these customers
In line with the results of the principal component analysis, it was found that four sensory words from
the clusters (luxurious, sophisticated, stylish, and cool) represent the demands of the members of the exterior
design group.
4.2 Identifying Focus Areas (STEP 2)
During this step, male subjects in their 20s were fitted with optical cameras and EEG equipment for
testing. The optical cameras measured line-of-sight information using a camera mounted on a headpiece as well
as a camera that detects pupil movement. The areas viewed by the subjects are shown in red marker in figure 5,
providing quantitative information on where they were looking. The EEG is a device that measures electrical
signals emitted from each part of the cerebrum, and allows researchers to predict correlations between human
behavior and brain activity. Figure 6 shows the alpha waves measured with the EEG equipment. The solid red
line represents high alpha waves, while the blue line represents low alpha waves. The size of these values makes
it possible to quantitatively determine the parts of the vehicle subjects were giving the most attention.
Fig 5. Providing quantitative information on where they were looking
Fig 6. The alpha waves measured with the EEG equipment
6. Creating a Vehicle Proportion, Form, and Color Matching Model
DOI: 10.9790/0661-17330916 www.iosrjournals.org 14 | Page
4.3 Identifying the Relationship between Proportion and Form (STEP 3)
The authors next used 3D-CAD software to actually design a vehicle exterior that reflected the critical
proportion and form element as indicated in the results obtained above (see figure 7). The study used a mid-size
sedan and selected standard proportion and form dimensions based on collections of dimensional body drawings
from Jidosha Koronsha (see table 3) and then numerically represented them at three levels. The authors then
created models that combined different front (length of the front windshield, edge and groove lines), side (hood
bulge, strength of character lines), and rear (C pillar angle, rear bumper width) form elements.
Fig 7. Designing a vehicle exterior that reflected the critical proportion and form element
Table 3. Selected standard proportion and form dimensions
Model length of the front windshield hood bulge edge and groove lines
A 730 40 40
B 655 25 15
C 805 25 15
D 655 50 15
E 805 50 15
F 655 25 45
G 805 25 45
H 655 50 45
I 805 50 45
4.4 Identifying the Relationships among Proportion, Form, and Color (STEP 4)
The nine models designed in STEP 3 were analyzed using Design of Experiments (DOE) to determine
the optimum combination of design elements. As shown in table 4, the analysis revealed that factor A (length of
the front windshield), factor B (hood bulge), factor C (edge and groove lines), and the interplay between factors
B and C had a 5% significance—indicating that shallow edge and groove lines were more significant than
differences in hood bulge. Similarly, table 5 shows that when it came to the side areas, the interplay between the
strength of the character lines and the angle of the A pillar also had a 5% significance. These results allowed the
authors to identify two front patterns, one side pattern, and one rear pattern.
Table 4. Analysis result (Front part)
Factor Sum of Squares Flexibility Variance Variance Ratio Test
A 20.816 1 20.816 21.575 **
B 11.391 1 11.391 11.806 **
C 5.348 1 5.348 5.543 *
AB 0.660 1 0.660 0.684
AC 1.266 1 1.266 1.312
BC 7.223 1 7.223 7.486 *
ABC 2.250 1 2.250 2.332
Error 7.719 8 0.965 0.558
7. Creating a Vehicle Proportion, Form, and Color Matching Model
DOI: 10.9790/0661-17330916 www.iosrjournals.org 15 | Page
Table 5. Analysis result (Side part)
Factor Sum of Squares Flexibility Variance Variance Ratio Test
A 3.754 1 3.754 2.099
B 10.160 1 10.160 5.682 *
C 14.063 1 14.063 7.864 *
AB 1.129 1 1.129 0.631
AC 1.266 1 1.266 0.708
BC 16.000 1 16.000 8.948 *
Error 16.094 9 1.788 1.042
Three colors (black, white, red) were added to the model to create six alternatives (Type A, Type B ,
Type C, Type D, Type E, Type F). They were then subjected to an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in order to
identify the model that optimally matched the sensory words that represent the demands of the exterior design
group. Models created using 3D-CAD software were given to subjects to visually compare using a paired
comparison method in order to assign priority levels to the different standards and alternatives. The test
subjects’ subjective responses were gathered using a questionnaire. Table 6 shows the relative priority of each
standard (sensory word) and alternative (CAD model). This information was then comprehensively evaluated to
identify the model with the best proportion, form, and color combination.
Table 6. The relative priority (Standard)
Subject Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 Alternative 4 Alternative 5 Alternative 6
1 0.13 0.17 0.12 0.10 0.16 0.32
2 0.13 0.15 0.10 0.13 0.18 0.30
3 0.09 0.10 0.26 0.39 0.06 0.11
4 0.25 0.29 0.03 0.04 0.15 0.24
5 0.33 0.31 0.19 0.09 0.02 0.06
6 0.31 0.34 0.16 0.10 0.06 0.03
7 0.31 0.34 0.16 0.10 0.06 0.03
8 0.06 0.11 0.08 0.07 0.21 0.48
9 0.17 0.16 0.06 0.08 0.31 0.21
10 0.19 0.23 0.09 0.25 0.11 0.13
The analysis indicated that among young men in their 20s within the exterior design group (the target
of the study), two models created using this method (Type B, Type F) received the highest evaluation score of
0.21 (see figure 8). The results indicate that the Type B model, with a front windshield length of 805 mm, a
hood bulge of 50º, edge and groove lines of 45º, emphasized strong character lines, an A pillar angle of 30º, and
black paint, has the ―cool‖ sensory word as its main focus. The Type F model had the same proportions and
form as Type B in red, and has the ―luxurious‖ sensory word as its main focus.
Fig 8. Two models created using this method (Type B, Type F)
4.5 Verification, Creating a Vehicle Matching Approach Model (STEP 5)
The models identified in STEP 4 were verified, and the authors were then able to develop the Vehicle
Proportion, Form, and Color Matching Approach Model. Here, EEG equipment was used to measure the
subjects’ alpha waves as they looked in random order at the models they were asked about in the STEP 4
questionnaire. Figure 9 shows the results of this test; namely, that the models triggering the highest alpha wave
8. Creating a Vehicle Proportion, Form, and Color Matching Model
DOI: 10.9790/0661-17330916 www.iosrjournals.org 16 | Page
values were the same models that the study predicted through the Matching Approach Model. The effectiveness
of the model was thus confirmed.
V. Conclusion
This study focused on three vehicle design elements that were handled separately in the past
(proportion, form, and color) and attempted to match them all while pinpointing their correlations to customer
senses. In order to get this information, the authors made full use of statistical tools (multivariate analysis, DOE,
AHP), optical cameras, EEG equipment, and 3D-CAD software to develop a Matching Approach Model. Their
research demonstrated that this model can be used to clearly and rationally identify previously unspoken
customer senses. In future studies, the effectiveness of the model will be tested with other age groups as well.
References
Journal Papers:
[1]. Amasaka, K., (2002), New JIT, A New Management Technology Principle at Toyota, International Journal of Production
Economics, Vol. 80, pp.135-144.
[2]. Amasaka, K., (2005), Constructing a Customer Science Application System ―CS-CIANS‖- Development of a Global Strategic
Vehicle ―Lexus‖ Utilizing New JIT –, WSEAS (World Scientific and Transactions on Business and Economics, Issue3, Vol.2,
pp.135-142.
[3]. Asami, H., Owada, H., Murata, Y., Takebuchi, S. and Amasaka, K. (2008), The A-VEDAM Model for Approaching Vehicle
Exterior Design, Journal of Business Case Studies, Vol. 7, No. 5,.pp.1-8.
[4]. Asami, H., Ando, T., Yamaji,M. and Amasaka, K. (2010), A Study on Automobile Form Design Support Method ―AFD-SM‖,
The Journal of Business & Economics Research, Vol.8, No.11, pp. 13-19.
[5]. Muto, M., Miyake, R. and Amasaka, K. (2011), Constructing an Automobile Body Color Development Approach Model, Journal of
Management Science, Vol.2, pp. 175-183.
[6]. Takebuchi, S., Asami, H. and Amasaka, K. (2012), An Automobile Exterior Design Approach Model Linking Form and Color,
China-USA Business Review, Vol.11, No.8, pp. 1113-1123.
[7]. Muto, M., Takebuchi, S. and Amasaka, K. (2013), Creating A New Automotive Exterior Design Approach Model -The
Relationship Between Form and Body Color Qualities-, Journal of Business Case Studies, Vol.9 No.5, pp. 367-374
Books:
[8]. Amasaka, K., (2004), Science SQC, New Quality Control Principle: The Quality Strategy of Toyota」, Springer.
[9]. Amasaka, K. ed., (2012), Science TQM, New Quality Management Principle: The Quality Management Strategy of Toyota」
Bentham e-Books: Bentham Science Publisher.
[10]. Amasaka, K., (2014), New JIT, New Management Technology Principle, Tayler and Francis Group (Forthcoming).