1. The document is a student assignment analyzing the role of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in the economic development of developing countries.
2. It discusses both the positive and negative roles MNEs can play, with positive roles including job creation, skills transfer, tax revenue, and ensuring standards, while negative roles include exploiting cheap labor, using capital-intensive methods, tax avoidance, and environmental damage.
3. The conclusion states that while MNE investment opens opportunities for development, policies are needed to manage unintended consequences, and both companies and countries can benefit, though companies have more to gain.
1. BENEFITS THAT MNCS BRING TO HOST NATIONS
a. Improvement in the standard of living
b. Employment and economic growth in overseas countries
2. POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPACT
a. Influence on foreign governments to gain concession
b. Exploitation of labour in developing countries
i. Implementation of working practices which would be unacceptable in their home country
ii. Sale of unsafe products to consumers
c. Use of unsustainable resources and the degradation of the local environment
d. Cultural Imperialism
e. Footloose Capitalism
3. CONTROLLING MNCs
a. Pressure groups and public opinion
b. Internet
c. Self-Regulation
d. Political Constraints
e. Legal or constraints
f. Competition policy
1. BENEFITS THAT MNCS BRING TO HOST NATIONS
a. Improvement in the standard of living
b. Employment and economic growth in overseas countries
2. POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPACT
a. Influence on foreign governments to gain concession
b. Exploitation of labour in developing countries
i. Implementation of working practices which would be unacceptable in their home country
ii. Sale of unsafe products to consumers
c. Use of unsustainable resources and the degradation of the local environment
d. Cultural Imperialism
e. Footloose Capitalism
3. CONTROLLING MNCs
a. Pressure groups and public opinion
b. Internet
c. Self-Regulation
d. Political Constraints
e. Legal or constraints
f. Competition policy
This is the subtopic of Professional Ethics and defines MNC, Classified MNC, History and Evolution, Structure, SWOT Analysis, Reason, MNCs In India and other.
International Business - How MNC keep local company at bay...Hurriya Saeed rana
What is MNC & MNE?
Definition & History
Characteristics of MNC
Reasons for becoming MNC
Advantages of MNC
Disadvantages of MNC for Home Country
How local companies keep MNC at bay?
WHAT IS INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS?
Advantages of International Business:
Dis-Advantages of International Business:
5 kinds of International best Business:
Foreign direct investment (fdi).
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT EXPLAINED IN one MINUTE
Imports @ Exports
In this presentation, we will discuss role of MNCs in global economy, their merits and demerits, how to globalize a business by transforming the organizational structures according to international standards.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit: http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
This is the subtopic of Professional Ethics and defines MNC, Classified MNC, History and Evolution, Structure, SWOT Analysis, Reason, MNCs In India and other.
International Business - How MNC keep local company at bay...Hurriya Saeed rana
What is MNC & MNE?
Definition & History
Characteristics of MNC
Reasons for becoming MNC
Advantages of MNC
Disadvantages of MNC for Home Country
How local companies keep MNC at bay?
WHAT IS INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS?
Advantages of International Business:
Dis-Advantages of International Business:
5 kinds of International best Business:
Foreign direct investment (fdi).
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT EXPLAINED IN one MINUTE
Imports @ Exports
In this presentation, we will discuss role of MNCs in global economy, their merits and demerits, how to globalize a business by transforming the organizational structures according to international standards.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit: http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
Generating Maximum Productivity of an Industry through In House Entrepreneurshipiosrjce
This paper describes a suitable technique for brand building in smaller markets without
compromising larger markets. This technique deploys the utility of entrepreneurship at various levels of an
operating industry. This technique is highly beneficial for developing and under developed economy because it
will create more jobs, generate more revenues and the most important thing about this technique is that it will
build a brand for the industry deploying this technique. It also ensures that an industry extracts the maximum
benefit from every possible asset an industry has without compromising on its productivity.
InstructionsWrite a paper about the International Monetary Syste.docxvanesaburnand
Instructions
Write a paper about the International Monetary System that addresses each of the following issues:
· Define the International Monetary System and outline the history of the system.
· Describe and provide examples of what is meant by “currency regimes,” and define selected types of regimes and form an argument for selecting fixed exchange rate and arguments for selecting flexible exchange rates.
· Describe and define the creation of the Euro and discuss the benefits as well as the problems associated with the creation of this currency.
Support your paper with at least five (5) resources. In addition to these specified resources, other appropriate scholarly resources, including older articles, may be included. Your paper should demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the ideas and concepts that are presented in the course and provide new thoughts and insights relating directly to this topic. Your response should reflect scholarly writing and current APA standards.
Length: 5-7 pages (not including title and reference pages).
Eiteman, D., Stonehill, M., & Moffett, M. (2016). Multinational business finance. Boston, MA: Prentice-Hall.
Read Chapters 1, 2
This is a major resource, however, I think the assignment can be accomplished without it. I can’t seem to be able to download the book.
The global company's challenge.
Authors:
Dewhurst, Martin1
Harris, Jonathan2
Heywood, Suzanne
Aquila, Kate
Source:
McKinsey Quarterly. 2012, Issue 3, p76-80. 5p.
Document Type:
Article
Subject Terms:
*International business enterprises
*Emerging markets
*Economies of scale
*Contracting out
*Risk management in business
*Business models
*Executives
*Financial leverage
*Globalization
*Research & development
Developing countries
Company/Entity:
International Monetary Fund DUNS Number: 069275188
Aditya Birla Management Corp. Pvt. Ltd.
International Business Machines Corp. DUNS Number: 001368083 Ticker: IBM
NAICS/Industry Codes:
919110 International and other extra-territorial public administration
928120 International Affairs
541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology)
541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology
Abstract:
The article focuses on the management of risks, costs, and strategies by international businesses in emerging markets. It states that the International Monetary Fund reported that the ten fastest-growing economies after 2012 will all be in developing countries. It mentions that technology company International Business Machines expects by 2015 to earn 30 percent of revenues in emerging markets compared to 17 percent in 2009, while Indian multinational conglomerate Aditya Birla Group earns over half of its revenue outside India and has operations in 40 nations. It talks about the benefit of economies of scale in shared services enjoyed by large global companies and comments that the ability to outsource business services and manufacturing is benefiting local busine.
Senior Seminar in Business Administration BUS 499Internation.docxklinda1
Senior Seminar in Business Administration
BUS 499
International Strategy
Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D., & Hoskisson, R.E. (2009). BUS499: Strategic management: Competitiveness and globalization, concepts and cases: 2009 custom edition (8th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.
Welcome to Senior Seminar in Business Administration.
In this lesson we will discuss International Strategy.
Please go to the next slide.
Objectives
Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
Identify various levels and types of strategy in a firm
Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
Identify various levels and types of strategy in a firm.
Please go to the next slide.
Supporting Topics
Identifying international opportunities: incentives to use an international strategy
International strategies
Environmental trends
Choice of international entry mode
Strategic competitive outcomes
Risks in an international environment
In order to achieve this objective, the following supporting topics will be covered:
Identifying international opportunities: incentives to use an international strategy;
International strategies;
Environmental trends;
Choice of international entry mode;
Strategic competitive outcomes; and
Risks in an international environment.
Please go to the next slide.
Overview
International strategy
Demand develops in other countries
Secure needed resources
An international strategy is a strategy through which the firm sells its goods or services outside its domestic market. One of the primary reasons for implementing an international strategy is that international markets yield potential new opportunities.
Typically, a firm discovers an innovation in its home-country market, especially in an advanced economy such as that of the United States. Often demand for the product then develops in other countries, and exports are provided by domestic operations. Increased demand in foreign countries justifies making investments in foreign operations, especially to fend off foreign competitors.
Another traditional motive for firms to become multinational is to secure needed resources. Key supplies of raw material, especially minerals and energy, are important in some industries. Other industries, such as clothing, electronics, watch making, and many others, have moved portions of their operations to foreign locations in pursuit of lower production costs.
Please go to the next slide.
Overview, continued
Increased market size
Return on investment
Economies of scale and learning
Location advantages
When international strategies are successful, firms can derive four basic benefits:
Increased market size;
Greater returns on major capital investments or on investments in new products and processes;
Greater economies of scale, scope, or learning; and
A competitive advantage through location.
Firms can expand the size of their potential market by moving into international markets.
The primary reason for investing in inter.
Introduction of strategy,Levels,Meaning of International Business, Multinational corporations,advantages of Home country &host country, Challenges of Internationalbusiness
Isoquant is also called as equal product curve or production indifference curve or constant product curve. Isoquant indicates various combinations of two factors of production which give the same level of output per unit of time.
Just as an indifference curve represents various combinations of two goods which give a consumer equal amount of satisfaction, an iso-product curve shows all possible combinations of two inputs physically capable of producing a given level of output. Since an iso-product curve represents those combinations which will result in the production of an equal quantity of output, the producer would be indifferent between them.
This law was given by Alfred Marshall in his book principle of economics.
It show particular pattern of change in output when some factor remain fixed.
Production depend upon factors of production , if factors of production are good, production may increase and vice-versa.
Production function show functional relationship between production and factors of production.
It refers to manner of change in output cost by the increase in all the input simultaneously and in the same proportion.
Returns refers to “change in physical output”
Scale refers to “quantity of input employed”
Change in scale means that all factors of production are increased or decreased in same proportion.
The cost advantage that arises with increased output of a product.
It arises because of the inverse relationship between the quantity produced and per-unit fixed cost.
Profit refers to the excess of receipts from the sale of goods over the expenditure incurred on producing them.
The amount received from the sale of goods is known as ‘revenue’ and the expenditure on production of such goods is termed as ‘cost’. The difference between revenue and cost is known as ‘profit’.
For example, if a firm sells goods for Rs. 10 crores after incurring an expenditure of Rs. 7 crores, then profit will be Rs. 3 crores.
Similar to Course work for international business roles of multi national enterprises (20)
Abouk Ayom Area
Approximate size of the area
Abouk Ayom, is one of the area with two payam under Manloor County of Tonj State of South Sudan. The area is located in former warrap state in Bahr el Ghazal region and it borders Wau state to the West, Pagol County of Tonj State to the South, Kerik County of Tonj State to the East, Warrap County of Tonj State to North East and Pankot payam of Manloor County to the North. Abouk had an estimated area of 817 km². Its location lies approximately 555 kiometers (345 miles), by road, northwest of Juba City. The area is an ancestral home to the Dinka people of Rek
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
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The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
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Course work for international business roles of multi national enterprises
1. CAVENDISH UNIVERSITY UGANDA
Student Name: Abraham Ayom Ayom
Course: BBA – Generic
Student ID: 02/00315/123532
Lecturer: Hilary SSerubidde
Module: International Business
Module Code: BBA 225
Year of Study 3rd
year, 1st
Semester
Assignment Number: Two (2) Second Assignment
Session Long Distance Program
Date Issued: 29th
September 2012
Due Date: 30th
October 2012
Assignment Brief: 2nd
Assignment coursework question
Q1. Access the role of multi-National enterprises (MNE) in the economic development of developing countries.
Positive and Negative?
Guide to Students
1. Maximum 10 pages word processed
2. Use Times New Roman
3. Font Size should be 12
4. 1.5 Spacing
5. For referencing purposes use the Harvard Author-
Date System
Instructions to Students
1. This form must be attached to the front of your
assignment
2. The assignment must be handed in without fail by the
due date
3. Ensure that the submission form is date stamped at
reception when you hand it in
4. Late submission will not be accepted unless with
prior agreement with the course Lecturer/Tutor
5. All assessable assignments must be word processed
1 Presented by Abraham Ayom Ayom, email: abraham.ayom@yahoo.com, or Tel: +211 927 034 102
2nd
course for International Business
2. Table of Contents
• Introduction -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
• Multinational enterprises(MNE)----------------------------------------------------------------2
• Positive and Negative roles for Multinational enterprises in Economic development
of developing countries----------------------------------------------------------------------------3
• Conclusion-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
• Referees-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
Introduction
A multinational enterprise is a firm that has productive capacity in a number of countries. The
profit and income flows that they generate are part of the foreign capital flows moving between
countries. As countries adopt more open outward oriented approaches to economic growth and
development the role of multinational enterprises (MNE) or transnational corporations become
more important. As local markets throughout the world are being deregulated and liberalized
foreign firms are looking to locate part of the production process in other countries where there
are cost advantages. These might be cheaper sources of labor, raw materials and components or
have preferential government regulation. Although LDCs may present high levels of risk they
also present the potential for higher levels of profit. Many LDCs with growing economies and
increasing incomes may provide future growth markets.
Many development economists are concerned with role of the MNEs in low income countries
and identify a number of problems associated with foreign direct investment. Equally other
economists and politicians argue that MNE activity can drive growth and development. The true
answer is that probably the arguments put by both sides are applicable in certain countries with
certain MNEs at certain times.
Multinational Enterprises (MNE)
Multinational enterprise (MNE) is a company that takes a global approach to foreign markets and
production or one with operations in more than one country and it headquarter in one country. It
is willing to consider considering market and production locations anywhere in the world. An
MNE is often called multinational corporation (MNC), Multinational Corporation (MNC) or
transactional company (TNC).
MNE is used in a global approach
MNC is used in International business arena
TNC is used by United Nations
2 Presented by Abraham Ayom Ayom, email: abraham.ayom@yahoo.com, or Tel: +211 927 034 102
2nd
course for International Business
3. The roles for Multinational enterprises both positive and negative roles in economic
development of developing countries
Positive Roles
Let us consider the arguments from both sides. Firstly, from those who maintain the importance
of foreign direct investment as part of the engine necessary for economic growth?
A MNE investing in an area may result in a significant injection into the local economy.
This may provide jobs directly or through the growth of local ancillary businesses such as banks
and insurance. It might initiate a multiplier process generating more income as newly employed
workers spend their wages on consumption.
MNEs may provide training and education for employees thus creating a higher skilled
labor force. These skills may be transferred to other areas of the host country. Often
management and entrepreneurial skills learned from MNEs are an important source of human
capital.
MNEs will contribute tax revenue to the government and other revenues if they purchase
existing national assets as in the case in Zambia through the privatization process.
Create wealth and jobs around the world. Inward investment by multinationals offer much
needed foreign currency for developing economies. They also create jobs and help raise
expectations of what is possible.
Their size and scale of operation enables them to benefit from economies of scale enabling
lower average costs and prices for consumers. This is particularly important in industries with
very high fixed costs, such as car manufacture and airlines.
Large profits can be used for research & development. For example, oil exploration is costly
and risky; this could only be undertaken by a large firm with significant profit and resources. It is
similar for drug manufacturers.
Ensure minimum standards. The success of multinationals is often because consumers like to
buy goods and services where they can rely on minimum standards. I.e. if you visit any country
you know that the Starbucks coffee shop will give something you are fairly familiar with. It may
not be the best coffee in the district, but it won’t be the worst. People like the security of
knowing what to expect.
The opportunities for developing economies are significant as well. Through the application
of capital, technology, and a range of skills, multinational companies' overseas investments have
created positive economic value in host countries, across different industries and within different
policy regimes
3 Presented by Abraham Ayom Ayom, email: abraham.ayom@yahoo.com, or Tel: +211 927 034 102
2nd
course for International Business
4. In the light of these important/benefit roles, there are also negative roles/ problems and concerns
associated with MNEs?
Negative Roles
The Negative roles/Problems of Multinational Enterprises
The MNE may employ largely expatriate managers ensuring that incomes generated are
maintained within a relatively small group of people. The attraction for the MNE may be the
large supply of cheap manual labor who they can employ at low wages. This may contribute to a
widening of the income distribution. It will also not lead to the transfer of management skills.
MNE investment in LDCs often involves the use of capital intensive production methods.
Given that many LDCs are often endowed with potentially large low wage labor forces and have
high level of unemployment this might be considered inappropriate technology. More labor
intensive production methods might be a more appropriate option for alleviating poverty and
aiding development. Any resulting growth might be considered anti-developmental.
MNEs engage in transfer pricing where they shift production between countries so as to
benefit from lower tax arrangements in certain countries. By doing this they can minimize their
tax burden and the tax revenue of national governments.
As many MNEs are very large and have considerable power they can exert influence on
governments to gain preferential tax concessions and subsidies and grants.
Companies are often interested in profit at the expense of the consumer. Multinational
companies often have monopoly power which enables them to make excess profit. For example,
Shell made profits of £14bn last year
Their market dominance makes it difficult for local small firms to thrive. For example, it is
argued that big supermarkets are squeezing the margins of local corner shops leading to less
diversity.
In developing economies, big multinationals can use their economies of scale to push local
firms out of business.
In the pursuit of profit, multinational companies often contribute to pollution and use of non-
renewable resources which is putting the environment under threat.
MNCs have been criticised for using ‘slave labour’ – workers who are paid a pittance by
Western standards
Conclusion
4 Presented by Abraham Ayom Ayom, email: abraham.ayom@yahoo.com, or Tel: +211 927 034 102
2nd
course for International Business
5. Multinational company enterprises investment in the developing world opens up new horizons
for economic development and for company strategy. The McKinsey Global Institute's latest
report shows that the overall economic impact of multinational investment on developing
economies has been overwhelmingly positive despite the persistence of policies that lead to
negative, unintended consequences. Companies are also seeing substantial benefits but have only
started to capture the large cost savings and revenue gains possible from operating in these
markets.
Outward oriented economists maintain that the cycles of poverty will not be broken from within
the domestic economy. The level of investment needed to raise productivity and incomes is not
possible. Thus foreign direct investment through the MNE activity is essential.
Reference
John Daniels University of Miami, Lee H.Radebaugh Brigham Young University, & Daniel
P.Sullivan University of Delaware, International Business environments and operation, 11
Education( Multinational Enterprises, Multinational corporation or Transnational corporation)
http://www.economicshelp.org/blog/538/economics/multinational-corporations-good-or-bad/
The roles for Multinational enterprises
http://www.bized.co.uk/virtual/dc/copper/theory/th18.htm
The roles for Multinational enterprises
http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/mgi/research/productivity_competitiveness_and_growth/new
_horizons_for_multinational_company_investment
5 Presented by Abraham Ayom Ayom, email: abraham.ayom@yahoo.com, or Tel: +211 927 034 102
2nd
course for International Business
6. Multinational company enterprises investment in the developing world opens up new horizons
for economic development and for company strategy. The McKinsey Global Institute's latest
report shows that the overall economic impact of multinational investment on developing
economies has been overwhelmingly positive despite the persistence of policies that lead to
negative, unintended consequences. Companies are also seeing substantial benefits but have only
started to capture the large cost savings and revenue gains possible from operating in these
markets.
Outward oriented economists maintain that the cycles of poverty will not be broken from within
the domestic economy. The level of investment needed to raise productivity and incomes is not
possible. Thus foreign direct investment through the MNE activity is essential.
Reference
John Daniels University of Miami, Lee H.Radebaugh Brigham Young University, & Daniel
P.Sullivan University of Delaware, International Business environments and operation, 11
Education( Multinational Enterprises, Multinational corporation or Transnational corporation)
http://www.economicshelp.org/blog/538/economics/multinational-corporations-good-or-bad/
The roles for Multinational enterprises
http://www.bized.co.uk/virtual/dc/copper/theory/th18.htm
The roles for Multinational enterprises
http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/mgi/research/productivity_competitiveness_and_growth/new
_horizons_for_multinational_company_investment
5 Presented by Abraham Ayom Ayom, email: abraham.ayom@yahoo.com, or Tel: +211 927 034 102
2nd
course for International Business