Courriel du Dr Tau Braun à deux départements du FBI
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The director of a violence prevention agency emails the FBI assistant director about their research into SARS-CoV-2 and Covid vaccines. They believe the spike protein in the virus and vaccines is highly toxic and could be used as a biological weapon. They warn that the pandemic may be just the beginning and offer their assistance investigating SARS-CoV-2's origins and assessing it as a potential biological attack.
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At least 150 words for each question with scholar references. .docx
At least 150 words for each question with scholar references.
Question 1
In more than 20 years at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dr. Ali S. Khan found that rogue microbes will always be a problem, but outbreaks are often caused by people. We make mistakes, politicize emergencies, and, too often, fail to imagine the consequences of our actions. With the Zika virus as the newest threat, are we prepared for the next pandemic? What can we learn from Ebola, SARS, and other modern outbreaks?
Please listen to the recorded lecture: The Next Pandemic On the Front Lines Against Humankind's Gravest Dangers.mp3
Transcript: The Next Pandemic On the Front Lines Against Humankind's Gravest Dangers_Transcript.pdf
Provide your feedback to the recorded lecture. From the lecture, what's your take on the 6.7 score given to the U.S. in terms of our national Preparedness to Public Health Threats?
Question 2
As the Director of the Special Pathogens Program for 11 NYC hospitals, one of my duties is to ensure our covered personnel across all the sites remain competent and trained on how to don and doff personal protective equipment (PPE), how to properly triage patients with highly communicable diseases and understand our polices and procedures related to care for such patients.
A common complaint we hear from our covered personnel is, "why do we have to go through this training every quarter, the Ebola outbreak is nearly over."
Indeed, the Ebola outbreak is nearly over. However, we must remain competent and vigilant for other special pathogens on the horizon.
From your perspective, what do you think our covered personnel across the nation should prepare for? What might be the next disease outbreak? Do you think our nation as a whole is prepared to respond to special pathogens?
Definitions:
Covered Personnel: “Covered Personnel” means all employees, contractors, students, and all other personnel who may:
a. come into contact with a Patient, or a laboratory specimen from a Patient; or
b. be involved in the cleaning or disinfection of equipment or Patient care areas, including vehicles used to transport Patients. This includes, but is not limited to, contract nurses, attending physicians and residents.
https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/ebola/docs/commissioner_order.pdf
Special pathogen: A highly infectious agent that produces severe disease in humans. Special pathogens include the viruses that cause several hemorrhagic fevers, such as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Lassa fever, and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, and other recently identified and emerging viral diseases, such as Nipah virus encephalitis. These viruses are RNA-coded (often negative-stranded or ambisense in coding strategy), encased in a lipid envelope, and display a degree of aerosol infectivity in the laboratory. In addition, all of the viruses are vector-borne zoonotic agents (meaning that under normal conditions, these viruses exist in animals); the majority are found ...
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Bioterrorism
Introduction
Bioterrorism is the intentional or threatened use of viruses, bacteria, fungi, or toxins from living organisms to produce death or disease in humans, animals or plants to accomplish political or social objectives. Agents of bioterrorism can be altered or mutated in such a way soas to increase their virulence and ability to cause disease. They can be engineered to resist current medications. They can be spread through air, food, water, fomites, or through infected hosts (including humans, animals, insects, and other reservoirs)
Week 4 Week 4 - Epidemiology—IntroductionEpidemiology—Introdu.docx
Week 4: Week 4 - Epidemiology—Introduction
Epidemiology—Introduction
The study of epidemics is epidemiology. Its primary focus is on the distribution and causes of disease in populations. Epidemiology involves developing and testing ways to prevent and control disease by studying its origin, spread, and vulnerabilities.
As a discipline, epidemiologic research addresses a variety of health-related questions of societal importance. Epidemiologic research methods are used by clinical investigators and scientists who conduct observational and experimental research on the prevention and treatment of disease.
The Cholera epidemic, a case from the 19th century, was enabled by the global movement of people. Having appeared in India in 1817, it spread throughout Asia and the Middle East within a decade. It was reported in Moscow in 1830 and then spread to Warsaw, Hamburg, Berlin, and London in 1831 (Snow, 1855, 2002). When it crossed the Atlantic to reach North America, Cholera gained the notoriety of the first truly global disease.
The modern day world is dominated by free trade and rapid transportation. An unprecedented rate of global interchange of food, consumer products, and organisms—including humans—is occurring. The threat of pandemics in the 21st century has heightened the importance of epidemiology at national and international levels.
Although diseases such as Influenza A (H1N1), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), West Nile Virus, Salmonella, are commonly recognized as epidemics, as they cause large scale disruption of health in populations. The field of epidemiology also addresses epidemics of obesity (Ogden et al., 2007), diabetes (Zimmet, 2001), mental health (Insel & Fenton, 2005), and any other disease that may cause large scale disruption of health in populations.
In general, there are ten stages to an outbreak investigation:
1. Investigation preparation
2. Outbreak confirmation
3. Case definition
4. Case identification
5. Descriptive epidemiology
6. Hypothesis generation
7. Hypothesis evaluation
8. Environmental studies
9. Control measures
10. Information dissemination
Investigation preparation requires a health crisis manager to identify a team of professionals who will lead the outbreak investigation, review the scientific literature, and notify local, state, and national organizations of the potential outbreak.
Outbreak confirmation requires actual laboratory confirmation of the disease, which may involve the collection of blood, urine, and stool samples from ill people and performing bacteriologic, virologic, or parasitic testing of those samples.
Case definition is the process by which we establish a set of standard criteria to determine who is and is not infected with respect to a specific outbreak; that is, a protocol is developed to determine case patients.
Case identification requires the health crisis manager and team of professionals to conduct a systematic and organize.
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Recommended
At least 150 words for each question with scholar references. .docx
At least 150 words for each question with scholar references.
Question 1
In more than 20 years at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dr. Ali S. Khan found that rogue microbes will always be a problem, but outbreaks are often caused by people. We make mistakes, politicize emergencies, and, too often, fail to imagine the consequences of our actions. With the Zika virus as the newest threat, are we prepared for the next pandemic? What can we learn from Ebola, SARS, and other modern outbreaks?
Please listen to the recorded lecture: The Next Pandemic On the Front Lines Against Humankind's Gravest Dangers.mp3
Transcript: The Next Pandemic On the Front Lines Against Humankind's Gravest Dangers_Transcript.pdf
Provide your feedback to the recorded lecture. From the lecture, what's your take on the 6.7 score given to the U.S. in terms of our national Preparedness to Public Health Threats?
Question 2
As the Director of the Special Pathogens Program for 11 NYC hospitals, one of my duties is to ensure our covered personnel across all the sites remain competent and trained on how to don and doff personal protective equipment (PPE), how to properly triage patients with highly communicable diseases and understand our polices and procedures related to care for such patients.
A common complaint we hear from our covered personnel is, "why do we have to go through this training every quarter, the Ebola outbreak is nearly over."
Indeed, the Ebola outbreak is nearly over. However, we must remain competent and vigilant for other special pathogens on the horizon.
From your perspective, what do you think our covered personnel across the nation should prepare for? What might be the next disease outbreak? Do you think our nation as a whole is prepared to respond to special pathogens?
Definitions:
Covered Personnel: “Covered Personnel” means all employees, contractors, students, and all other personnel who may:
a. come into contact with a Patient, or a laboratory specimen from a Patient; or
b. be involved in the cleaning or disinfection of equipment or Patient care areas, including vehicles used to transport Patients. This includes, but is not limited to, contract nurses, attending physicians and residents.
https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/ebola/docs/commissioner_order.pdf
Special pathogen: A highly infectious agent that produces severe disease in humans. Special pathogens include the viruses that cause several hemorrhagic fevers, such as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Lassa fever, and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, and other recently identified and emerging viral diseases, such as Nipah virus encephalitis. These viruses are RNA-coded (often negative-stranded or ambisense in coding strategy), encased in a lipid envelope, and display a degree of aerosol infectivity in the laboratory. In addition, all of the viruses are vector-borne zoonotic agents (meaning that under normal conditions, these viruses exist in animals); the majority are found ...
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Bioterrorism
Introduction
Bioterrorism is the intentional or threatened use of viruses, bacteria, fungi, or toxins from living organisms to produce death or disease in humans, animals or plants to accomplish political or social objectives. Agents of bioterrorism can be altered or mutated in such a way soas to increase their virulence and ability to cause disease. They can be engineered to resist current medications. They can be spread through air, food, water, fomites, or through infected hosts (including humans, animals, insects, and other reservoirs)
Week 4 Week 4 - Epidemiology—IntroductionEpidemiology—Introdu.docx
Week 4: Week 4 - Epidemiology—Introduction
Epidemiology—Introduction
The study of epidemics is epidemiology. Its primary focus is on the distribution and causes of disease in populations. Epidemiology involves developing and testing ways to prevent and control disease by studying its origin, spread, and vulnerabilities.
As a discipline, epidemiologic research addresses a variety of health-related questions of societal importance. Epidemiologic research methods are used by clinical investigators and scientists who conduct observational and experimental research on the prevention and treatment of disease.
The Cholera epidemic, a case from the 19th century, was enabled by the global movement of people. Having appeared in India in 1817, it spread throughout Asia and the Middle East within a decade. It was reported in Moscow in 1830 and then spread to Warsaw, Hamburg, Berlin, and London in 1831 (Snow, 1855, 2002). When it crossed the Atlantic to reach North America, Cholera gained the notoriety of the first truly global disease.
The modern day world is dominated by free trade and rapid transportation. An unprecedented rate of global interchange of food, consumer products, and organisms—including humans—is occurring. The threat of pandemics in the 21st century has heightened the importance of epidemiology at national and international levels.
Although diseases such as Influenza A (H1N1), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), West Nile Virus, Salmonella, are commonly recognized as epidemics, as they cause large scale disruption of health in populations. The field of epidemiology also addresses epidemics of obesity (Ogden et al., 2007), diabetes (Zimmet, 2001), mental health (Insel & Fenton, 2005), and any other disease that may cause large scale disruption of health in populations.
In general, there are ten stages to an outbreak investigation:
1. Investigation preparation
2. Outbreak confirmation
3. Case definition
4. Case identification
5. Descriptive epidemiology
6. Hypothesis generation
7. Hypothesis evaluation
8. Environmental studies
9. Control measures
10. Information dissemination
Investigation preparation requires a health crisis manager to identify a team of professionals who will lead the outbreak investigation, review the scientific literature, and notify local, state, and national organizations of the potential outbreak.
Outbreak confirmation requires actual laboratory confirmation of the disease, which may involve the collection of blood, urine, and stool samples from ill people and performing bacteriologic, virologic, or parasitic testing of those samples.
Case definition is the process by which we establish a set of standard criteria to determine who is and is not infected with respect to a specific outbreak; that is, a protocol is developed to determine case patients.
Case identification requires the health crisis manager and team of professionals to conduct a systematic and organize.
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Travel related infectious disease 2.pptx
Travel-related infectious diseases on the rise
International travel has an important role in the transmission of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases across geographical areas.
Since 1980, the world has been threatened by different waves of emerging disease epidemics.
In the twenty-first century, these diseases have become an increasing global concern because of their health and economic impacts in both developed and resource-constrained countries.
It is difficult to stop the occurrence of new pathogens in the future due to the interconnection among humans, animals, and the environment.
As many as 43%–79% of travelers to low- and middle-income countries become ill with a travel-related health problem.
Although most of these illnesses are mild, some travelers become sick enough to seek care from a health care provider.
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Managing Coronavirus Fears
There are important health reasons to tamp down excessive anxiety that can accompany this viral threat.
By Jane E. Brody
April 13, 2020
Covid-19, the invisible enemy now bearing down on 328.2 million Americans, is tailor-made to induce fear and anxiety, prompting both rational and irrational behavior and, if the emotional stress persists, perhaps causing long-lasting harm to health.
We’re staring down an alien virus our bodies have never before encountered and which we are currently unable to control. There is no vaccine yet available to prevent Covid-19 or drug proven effective to fight the illness, limiting our ability to protect ourselves. So we buy reams and reams of toilet paper because it’s something we can do to give us a feeling of dominance over a force that threatens to overwhelm us.
“There’s never been a time in modern human history when every person is seriously worried about the same thing at the same time,” said David Ropeik, a consultant on risk management and former instructor in risk communication at the Harvard School of Public Health. And there’s never before been a ubiquitous threat that can be so instantly broadcast to a world of 7.8 billion people.
“We’re being inundated with a constant flow of scary information that overwhelms our ability to be dispassionate,” said Mr. Ropeik, author of “How Risky Is It, Really? Why Our Fears Don’t Always Match the Facts.” “Our brains are screaming to give the coronavirus more weight, challenging our ability to recognize that most people are actually at low risk.”
As with other calamities, it’s the bad news that gets the most attention, not the apparent fact that most people who become infected develop no symptoms or only mild ones and recover fully within a week or so.
Compounding a sense of doom for some people is their inability to evaluate risk and the fact that what is an acceptable risk for one person is intolerable to another. Following the terrorist attacks on Sept. 11, 2001, many people were afraid to fly and instead drove thousands of miles, incurring a far greater risk to life and limb yet instilling a feeling of control with their hands on the wheel and foot on the gas.
“A risk we choose seems less dangerous than a risk that is imposed on us,” Mr. Ropeik observed.
Not that it’s inappropriate to feel anxious about the risk we all now face, especially if that distress reminds us to be diligent about social distancing, avoid physical contact with people who do not share our household, wash our hands often and well and keep them off our faces and out of our eyes.
But while a certain amount of worrying can help motivate you to protect against possible exposure to the virus, compulsively reading or tuning in to the bad news about Covid-19 throughout the day is unlikely to enhance your emotional or physical well-being.
There are important health reasons to tamp down excessive anxiety that can accompany this viral threat. We have a built-in physiologic.
Bio terrorism
Its all about Bio terrorism. Here i am trying to involve all content(maximum) those are available on online like ready.gov; CDC. i think it will cover all information that are need to know.
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The Commission’s report highlights the essential role of pandemic preparedness in national security and economic stability—a critical but often under-examined dimension of the global conversation post-Ebola. Importantly, the report demonstrates that the impact of infectious disease crises goes far beyond human health alone—and that mitigation, likewise, requires the mobilization and long-term commitment of multiple sectors.Don’t panic the comprehensive ars technica guide to the coronavirus [updated...
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Disease or bio-warfare? The usage of various pathogens in bioterrorism
Although it is a general belief that epidemics of plague, smallpox or yellow fever are highly unlikely nowadays due to the existence of antibiotics and immunization shots, the agents causing the disease have remained a threat due to the possibility of them being weaponized and spread on a large scale. Contemporary terrorism is no longer confined to detonating bombs in buildings of great importance, suicide attacks or airplane hijacking. It can also comprise the usage of pathogens/ biological agents to cause massive health disturbances. The preference expressed towards the usage of such agents is justified by the easy access and primary skills needed in manufacturing a weapon, as well as the high rates of morbidity and mortality among the affected population. Additionally, states are confronted with high healthcare risks due to the fact that such agents are difficult to be detected and often pass as common diseases, such as influenza, until the greater scale of the epidemic is acknowledged by the authorities.
Disease or bio-warfare? The usage of various pathogens in bioterrorism
Although it is a general belief that epidemics of plague, smallpox or yellow fever are highly unlikely nowadays due to the existence of antibiotics and immunization shots, the agents causing the disease have remained a threat due to the possibility of them being weaponized and spread on a large scale. Contemporary terrorism is no longer confined to detonating bombs in buildings of great importance, suicide attacks or airplane hijacking. It can also comprise the usage of pathogens/ biological agents to cause massive health disturbances. The preference expressed towards the usage of such agents is justified by the easy access and primary skills needed in manufacturing a weapon, as well as the high rates of morbidity and mortality among the affected population. Additionally, states are confronted with high healthcare risks due to the fact that such agents are difficult to be detected and often pass as common diseases, such as influenza, until the greater scale of the epidemic is acknowledged by the authorities
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Contagion 1 Define Fomite.A fomite is an inanimate object.docx
Contagion
1 Define Fomite.
A fomite is an inanimate object, substance or source of disease that can continue to transmit infectious organisms from one individual to another, thus leading to an outbreak of disease.
2 List the means of transmission.
An infectious disease can be transmitted by means of clothing, furniture, soap, a drinking glass and along with other tangible items. In the movie Contagion, the means of transmission was by various entities such as bedding sheets, a cough a martini glass.
3 Define contagious.
Contagious is a form of medical terminology associating with the likelihood of the transmission in terms of a specific disease or an adverse condition. The disease or illness becomes contagious when the infected individuals or organisms make contact or interacts with the non-affected individuals or organisms thus prolonging the continuation and spreading of the specified disease to another living being.
4 What human systems did the agent affect?
In the movie Contagion, the infectious virus was spread through the world’s population in less than a few weeks. This transferable virus latched onto the brain to destroyed the human’s immune system, unbalanced their thermoregulation and eventually kill the infected subjects. The virus spread so rapidly because it was attached onto the brain; the control center for the entire body. Due to the fact that the brain was so highly defeated, the virus continued to obliterate the rest of the human body’s functional systems.
5 Who was the index patient?
Beth Emhoff, the mother, wife and world traveler was determined to be the index patient of the specified infectious virus.
6 What was the mortality rate?
Through out the entire movie, the CDC (Centers of Disease Control and Prevention) officials were extremely hesitant in revealing the mortality rate caused by the infectious epidemic disease. The CDC stood to believe that if they were to inform the general public of the current death rate it would cause a detrimental outbreak of panic thus leading to uncontrollable chaos. The CDC did not want to inform the public that one out of every twelve individuals were susceptible to catching the deadly virus. When it finally came time to reveal the mortality rate to the entire world, 25-30% of the world’s population had already died. Approximately 2.5 million Americas contributed to the 25-30% mortality rate.
7 How did they “mitigate” the disease prior to the vaccine?
Prior to the discovery of the cure to the infectious disease and the availability of the vaccination, specific medical analysis and testing had to occur. When experimenting with this virus, the virus had to be alive in order for them to properly transfer it into another living creature. The scientists and epidemiologist working on this case had to implant the virus into over fifty monkeys to be able to see the potential outcome and cure rates.
In the mean time, forsythia a natural remedy was used by a fairly large po.
Please help will thumbs up In the winter of 2019 in Wuhan.pdf
Please help! will thumbs up! In the winter of 2019, in Wuhan, China, a silent killer emerged that
ravaged many of the smaller villages and towns just outside of Wuhan. This wasnt unlike many
silent killers that have attacked China; after all, not even 20 years ago, the country (and the world)
was forced to deal with a nemesis known as SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)which
arose in the Yunnan Province of China. This enemy, however, was different.
Unlike SARS, which did not discriminate among who it affected, this new virus appeared to most
highly affect the elderly and immunocompromised. Inoculation time varied among the different
residents of the Wuhan province, but there appeared to be one common thread among all of the
sufferers of this virus: the end result would be a need for mechanical ventilation and acute care
and, often, drastic life-saving interventions. The death toll in China rose to the thousands within an
extremely short span of time. Epidemiologists in Wuhan were both astounded and stricken with
fear at how rapidly the virus replicated and spread among hosts as well.
As with most rapidly spreading viruses, unfortunately, what began as a virus which ravaged one
village in China eventually became one of the most prevalent pandemics the world has ever seen.
This virus, initially termed the Wuhan virus, was eventually identified as a coronavirus with similar
viral features to two pandemic viruses: The MERS (Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome) virus
and SARS, the very same virus which was rampant in China less than 20 years ago. The virus has
since been termed the SARS-CoV-2 virus (Coronavirus).
You are currently an epidemiologist working for the WHO. You, along with a group of 20
colleagues, are formulating a plan to contain this pandemic and potentially devise a vaccine/cure
for it. Using at least three medically/scientifically accredited sources, answer the following:
When treating any infection, it is important to know your enemy. What are some intrinsic/specific
features of the SARS-CoV-2 virus which renders it unique when compared to other pandemic
viruses?
From an epidemiologic perspective, how would you explain the reasons as to why the virus has
been able to disseminate among the nations?
What are the standards of care/management options for SARS-CoV-2 virus?
How do we determine who requires testing for this virus? What are some exclusion criteria for
testing for SARS-CoV-2? What would be the potential harms in testing a large enclave of the
population for SARS-CoV-2 (would this change your management of the virus)?
There have been 2 potential interventions which have been suggested for the treatment of SARS-
CoV-2 based on in vitro testing: Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquine (an anti-malarial
medication). What is the evidence that either one of these is sufficient for the treatment of SARS-
CoV-2? KEEP IN MIND THE FOLLOWING: In order to introduce a treatment for a particular
disease/infection, the BENEFITS MUST OU.
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Travel related infectious disease 2.pptx
Travel-related infectious diseases on the rise
International travel has an important role in the transmission of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases across geographical areas.
Since 1980, the world has been threatened by different waves of emerging disease epidemics.
In the twenty-first century, these diseases have become an increasing global concern because of their health and economic impacts in both developed and resource-constrained countries.
It is difficult to stop the occurrence of new pathogens in the future due to the interconnection among humans, animals, and the environment.
As many as 43%–79% of travelers to low- and middle-income countries become ill with a travel-related health problem.
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Managing Coronavirus FearsThere are important health reasons t.docx
Managing Coronavirus Fears
There are important health reasons to tamp down excessive anxiety that can accompany this viral threat.
By Jane E. Brody
April 13, 2020
Covid-19, the invisible enemy now bearing down on 328.2 million Americans, is tailor-made to induce fear and anxiety, prompting both rational and irrational behavior and, if the emotional stress persists, perhaps causing long-lasting harm to health.
We’re staring down an alien virus our bodies have never before encountered and which we are currently unable to control. There is no vaccine yet available to prevent Covid-19 or drug proven effective to fight the illness, limiting our ability to protect ourselves. So we buy reams and reams of toilet paper because it’s something we can do to give us a feeling of dominance over a force that threatens to overwhelm us.
“There’s never been a time in modern human history when every person is seriously worried about the same thing at the same time,” said David Ropeik, a consultant on risk management and former instructor in risk communication at the Harvard School of Public Health. And there’s never before been a ubiquitous threat that can be so instantly broadcast to a world of 7.8 billion people.
“We’re being inundated with a constant flow of scary information that overwhelms our ability to be dispassionate,” said Mr. Ropeik, author of “How Risky Is It, Really? Why Our Fears Don’t Always Match the Facts.” “Our brains are screaming to give the coronavirus more weight, challenging our ability to recognize that most people are actually at low risk.”
As with other calamities, it’s the bad news that gets the most attention, not the apparent fact that most people who become infected develop no symptoms or only mild ones and recover fully within a week or so.
Compounding a sense of doom for some people is their inability to evaluate risk and the fact that what is an acceptable risk for one person is intolerable to another. Following the terrorist attacks on Sept. 11, 2001, many people were afraid to fly and instead drove thousands of miles, incurring a far greater risk to life and limb yet instilling a feeling of control with their hands on the wheel and foot on the gas.
“A risk we choose seems less dangerous than a risk that is imposed on us,” Mr. Ropeik observed.
Not that it’s inappropriate to feel anxious about the risk we all now face, especially if that distress reminds us to be diligent about social distancing, avoid physical contact with people who do not share our household, wash our hands often and well and keep them off our faces and out of our eyes.
But while a certain amount of worrying can help motivate you to protect against possible exposure to the virus, compulsively reading or tuning in to the bad news about Covid-19 throughout the day is unlikely to enhance your emotional or physical well-being.
There are important health reasons to tamp down excessive anxiety that can accompany this viral threat. We have a built-in physiologic.
Bio terrorism
Its all about Bio terrorism. Here i am trying to involve all content(maximum) those are available on online like ready.gov; CDC. i think it will cover all information that are need to know.
The Neglected Dimension of Global Security: A Framework to Counter Infectious...
The Neglected Dimension of Global Security: A Framework to Counter Infectious...The Rockefeller Foundation
The Ebola crisis in West Africa was both a tragedy and a wakeup call, revealing dangerous deficiencies across global systems to prevent, prepare, and respond to infectious disease crises. To address these shortcomings and inform a more effective response in the future, the National Academy of Medicine convened the Commission on a Global Health Risk Framework for the Future (GHRF Commission)—an independent, international group of experts in finance, governance, R&D, health systems, and the social sciences.
The Commission’s report highlights the essential role of pandemic preparedness in national security and economic stability—a critical but often under-examined dimension of the global conversation post-Ebola. Importantly, the report demonstrates that the impact of infectious disease crises goes far beyond human health alone—and that mitigation, likewise, requires the mobilization and long-term commitment of multiple sectors.Don’t panic the comprehensive ars technica guide to the coronavirus [updated...
Don’t panic the comprehensive ars technica guide to the coronavirus [updated 3 17] _ ars technica
Disease or bio-warfare? The usage of various pathogens in bioterrorism
Although it is a general belief that epidemics of plague, smallpox or yellow fever are highly unlikely nowadays due to the existence of antibiotics and immunization shots, the agents causing the disease have remained a threat due to the possibility of them being weaponized and spread on a large scale. Contemporary terrorism is no longer confined to detonating bombs in buildings of great importance, suicide attacks or airplane hijacking. It can also comprise the usage of pathogens/ biological agents to cause massive health disturbances. The preference expressed towards the usage of such agents is justified by the easy access and primary skills needed in manufacturing a weapon, as well as the high rates of morbidity and mortality among the affected population. Additionally, states are confronted with high healthcare risks due to the fact that such agents are difficult to be detected and often pass as common diseases, such as influenza, until the greater scale of the epidemic is acknowledged by the authorities.
Disease or bio-warfare? The usage of various pathogens in bioterrorism
Although it is a general belief that epidemics of plague, smallpox or yellow fever are highly unlikely nowadays due to the existence of antibiotics and immunization shots, the agents causing the disease have remained a threat due to the possibility of them being weaponized and spread on a large scale. Contemporary terrorism is no longer confined to detonating bombs in buildings of great importance, suicide attacks or airplane hijacking. It can also comprise the usage of pathogens/ biological agents to cause massive health disturbances. The preference expressed towards the usage of such agents is justified by the easy access and primary skills needed in manufacturing a weapon, as well as the high rates of morbidity and mortality among the affected population. Additionally, states are confronted with high healthcare risks due to the fact that such agents are difficult to be detected and often pass as common diseases, such as influenza, until the greater scale of the epidemic is acknowledged by the authorities
Innovative Solutions to Combat Spread & Management of Covid-19
As we know, COVID-19 is spreading worldwide and its only treatment is just Prevention from it. However there is no specific Drug/Medicine till available for this disease. In this report I try to demonstrate some Innovative Solutions to Combat Spread & Management of Covid-19. Hope you guys like this report..Please Let me know some suggestions if you have in the comment section below. #STAYHOME #STAYSAFE
Zika Virus: Medical Countermeasure Development Challenges by Robert W. Malone
Reports of high rates of primary microcephaly and Guillain–Barré syndrome associated with Zika virus infection in French Polynesia and Brazil have raised concerns that the virus circulating in these regions is a rapidly developing neuropathic, teratogenic, emerging infec- tious public health threat. There are no licensed medical countermeasures (vaccines, thera- pies or preventive drugs) available for Zika virus infection and disease. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) predicts that Zika virus will continue to spread and eventually reach all countries and territories in the Americas with endemic Aedes mosquitoes. This paper reviews the status of the Zika virus outbreak, including medical countermeasure options, with a focus on how the epidemiology, insect vectors, neuropathology, virology and immunology inform options and strategies available for medical countermeasure develop- ment and deployment.
From Plato’s Cave to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Confinement, Social Distancing, ...
From Plato’s Cave to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Confinement, Social Distancing, ...Université de Montréal
From Plato’s Cave to the COVID-19 Pandemic:
Confinement, Social Distancing, and Biopolitics
Abstract
This essay by a physician-philosopher compares the COVID-19 pandemic to Plato’s allegory of the cave, where prisoners see only shadows cast on the walls of their cave and know them as their only reality. Raised there since childhood, they experience sensory deprivation, impacting their brains and their minds, limiting their perceptions and their understanding. The philosopher who escapes from the cave into the harsh light of day and returns to tell the truth is met by fellow prisoners with derision. The pandemic’s preventive measures of confinement and social distancing may induce sensory deprivation and trauma, creating an “experimental childhood” for billions of vulnerable youth. In the political sphere, philosophers like Giorgio Agamben warn that the COVID-19 crisis creates a pretext for emergency measures, at worst a “techno-medical despotism” in a new form of biopolitics, declaring a medical state of exception where the pandemic crisis is the new normal.
Key words: Plato’s cave, COVID-19 pandemic, sensory deprivation, confinement, social distancing, biopolitics
U.S. Preps For Ebola Outbreak Cases May Exceed 100,000 By December “The Numbe...
The article does not mention that a completely unrelated strain of ebola has broken out in the Congo. What are the chances of that?
Though news on the Ebola virus has been muted since two American health care workers were admitted to U.S.-based facilities last month, the deadly contagion continues to spread. According to the World Health Organization more than 40% of all Ebola cases thus far have occurred in just the last three months, suggesting that the virus is continuing to build steam.
Physicist Alessandro Vespignani of Northeastern University in Boston is one of several researchers trying to figure out how far Ebola may spread and how many people around the world could be affected. Based on his findings, there will be 10,000 cases by September of this year and it only gets worse from there.
Contagion 1 Define Fomite.A fomite is an inanimate object.docx
Contagion
1 Define Fomite.
A fomite is an inanimate object, substance or source of disease that can continue to transmit infectious organisms from one individual to another, thus leading to an outbreak of disease.
2 List the means of transmission.
An infectious disease can be transmitted by means of clothing, furniture, soap, a drinking glass and along with other tangible items. In the movie Contagion, the means of transmission was by various entities such as bedding sheets, a cough a martini glass.
3 Define contagious.
Contagious is a form of medical terminology associating with the likelihood of the transmission in terms of a specific disease or an adverse condition. The disease or illness becomes contagious when the infected individuals or organisms make contact or interacts with the non-affected individuals or organisms thus prolonging the continuation and spreading of the specified disease to another living being.
4 What human systems did the agent affect?
In the movie Contagion, the infectious virus was spread through the world’s population in less than a few weeks. This transferable virus latched onto the brain to destroyed the human’s immune system, unbalanced their thermoregulation and eventually kill the infected subjects. The virus spread so rapidly because it was attached onto the brain; the control center for the entire body. Due to the fact that the brain was so highly defeated, the virus continued to obliterate the rest of the human body’s functional systems.
5 Who was the index patient?
Beth Emhoff, the mother, wife and world traveler was determined to be the index patient of the specified infectious virus.
6 What was the mortality rate?
Through out the entire movie, the CDC (Centers of Disease Control and Prevention) officials were extremely hesitant in revealing the mortality rate caused by the infectious epidemic disease. The CDC stood to believe that if they were to inform the general public of the current death rate it would cause a detrimental outbreak of panic thus leading to uncontrollable chaos. The CDC did not want to inform the public that one out of every twelve individuals were susceptible to catching the deadly virus. When it finally came time to reveal the mortality rate to the entire world, 25-30% of the world’s population had already died. Approximately 2.5 million Americas contributed to the 25-30% mortality rate.
7 How did they “mitigate” the disease prior to the vaccine?
Prior to the discovery of the cure to the infectious disease and the availability of the vaccination, specific medical analysis and testing had to occur. When experimenting with this virus, the virus had to be alive in order for them to properly transfer it into another living creature. The scientists and epidemiologist working on this case had to implant the virus into over fifty monkeys to be able to see the potential outcome and cure rates.
In the mean time, forsythia a natural remedy was used by a fairly large po.
Please help will thumbs up In the winter of 2019 in Wuhan.pdf
Please help! will thumbs up! In the winter of 2019, in Wuhan, China, a silent killer emerged that
ravaged many of the smaller villages and towns just outside of Wuhan. This wasnt unlike many
silent killers that have attacked China; after all, not even 20 years ago, the country (and the world)
was forced to deal with a nemesis known as SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)which
arose in the Yunnan Province of China. This enemy, however, was different.
Unlike SARS, which did not discriminate among who it affected, this new virus appeared to most
highly affect the elderly and immunocompromised. Inoculation time varied among the different
residents of the Wuhan province, but there appeared to be one common thread among all of the
sufferers of this virus: the end result would be a need for mechanical ventilation and acute care
and, often, drastic life-saving interventions. The death toll in China rose to the thousands within an
extremely short span of time. Epidemiologists in Wuhan were both astounded and stricken with
fear at how rapidly the virus replicated and spread among hosts as well.
As with most rapidly spreading viruses, unfortunately, what began as a virus which ravaged one
village in China eventually became one of the most prevalent pandemics the world has ever seen.
This virus, initially termed the Wuhan virus, was eventually identified as a coronavirus with similar
viral features to two pandemic viruses: The MERS (Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome) virus
and SARS, the very same virus which was rampant in China less than 20 years ago. The virus has
since been termed the SARS-CoV-2 virus (Coronavirus).
You are currently an epidemiologist working for the WHO. You, along with a group of 20
colleagues, are formulating a plan to contain this pandemic and potentially devise a vaccine/cure
for it. Using at least three medically/scientifically accredited sources, answer the following:
When treating any infection, it is important to know your enemy. What are some intrinsic/specific
features of the SARS-CoV-2 virus which renders it unique when compared to other pandemic
viruses?
From an epidemiologic perspective, how would you explain the reasons as to why the virus has
been able to disseminate among the nations?
What are the standards of care/management options for SARS-CoV-2 virus?
How do we determine who requires testing for this virus? What are some exclusion criteria for
testing for SARS-CoV-2? What would be the potential harms in testing a large enclave of the
population for SARS-CoV-2 (would this change your management of the virus)?
There have been 2 potential interventions which have been suggested for the treatment of SARS-
CoV-2 based on in vitro testing: Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquine (an anti-malarial
medication). What is the evidence that either one of these is sufficient for the treatment of SARS-
CoV-2? KEEP IN MIND THE FOLLOWING: In order to introduce a treatment for a particular
disease/infection, the BENEFITS MUST OU.
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Don’t panic the comprehensive ars technica guide to the coronavirus [updated...
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Disease or bio-warfare? The usage of various pathogens in bioterrorism
Disease or bio-warfare? The usage of various pathogens in bioterrorism
Disease or bio-warfare? The usage of various pathogens in bioterrorism
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Innovative Solutions to Combat Spread & Management of Covid-19
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Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
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2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
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2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
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Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
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Study Resources:
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
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Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
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Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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Courriel du Dr Tau Braun à deux départements du FBI
- 1. VIOLENCE PREVENTION AGENCY operations@vpahq.com TO: Assistant Director Don Alway, Weapons of Mass Destruction Directorate, FBI Assistant Director Alway, I have been working with scientists and medical professionals since the beginning of the Pandemic to understand the biological mechanisms of SARS2, including mitigation strategies and treatment options. I am aware that the current mainstream narrative is that the vaccines are safe and effective - there is a growing group of world-renowned, subject matter experts, that disagree with the "science" that is being used by the CDC, NIH, FDA, NHS, and WHO to justify the continued use of untested hazardous biological agent on U.S. Citizens and the world. The Covid vaccines are not a viable and safe method to be used to contain and end this pandemic. Covid Vaccines rely on the use of the SARS2 Spike Protein. The Spike Protein is highly toxic and lethal on its own (without the viral component), it poses a biological and environmental threat that has the potential to lead to a much higher death toll than we have already experienced during this pandemic. The Spike Protein has numerous "fingerprints" pointing to a manufactured biological weapon, it can be aerosolized and can easily be deployed as a chemical weapon with devastating short term and long term impacts. SARS2 was rapidly labeled a respiratory disease. However, my research has revealed that the primary destructive mechanism of SARS2 and the S-Protein is an envenomation. I have revealed and alerted the scientists and medical professionals that I have been collaborating with, and I aim to publish my findings within the next few weeks. The level of scientific censorship and medical propaganda that has been used by government health agencies and pharmaceutical companies before and during this pandemic has not been seen since the Nazis and WW2. The commercial interests in the pandemic and the covid vaccines have been prioritized over the lives, safety, and dignity of U.S.Citizens. 2,403 people died at Pearl Harbor 2,996 people died during the September 11 attacks, we passed the 600,000 mark of the U.S. death toll this week, which makes this the largest mass killing in U.S. history by an incomparable number. The American people and the world deserve a thorough investigation and an end to this man-made tragedy. I would like to offer my assistance to you and the Nation to deal with this significant threat. If my assessment is correct we are not at the end of the pandemic, we have just passed stage one of a complex attack. There are very few professionals in the world who work in Threat Assessment and Threat Management who have an adequate skill set to understand and unpack the complexity of this worldwide biological attack. Proficiency is needed in a diverse sciences to understand the chemistry and biological mechanisms that are involved in this Pandemic. I am ready, willing, and able to assist. What role are you and your team playing in the Wuhan Lab Leak investigation, and or the assessment of SARS2 as a biological weapon? I am here to help in any way I can. As always I am honored to serve this great Nation - to ensure life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness for all prevails. Sincerely, Dr. Tau Braun U.S. National Counterterrorism & EMS Advisor and Trainer Executive Director, Violence Prevention Agency | VPA Signed copy of email sent: 06.21.21