This document discusses several plant viruses that cause diseases in crops such as banana, potato, tomato, chilli, and tobacco. It describes the symptoms, transmission methods (e.g. aphids, mechanical), epidemiology, and management (e.g. removing infected plants, using resistant varieties, controlling insect vectors) for each virus, including Banana Bunchy Top Virus, Potato Virus X, Potato Virus Y, Potato Leaf Roll Virus, Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus, Tomato Leaf Curl Virus, Chilli Mosaic Virus, and Tobacco Mosaic Virus. The viruses can spread rapidly and cause significant crop yield losses if not properly managed.

1. Plant Viruses diseases and Symptoms
Zohaib Ul Hassan
Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
zuhaib1144@gmail.com

2. Banana Bunchy Top Virus
 Fiji in 1889.
 Severity during 1894.
 Disease intensity rang 20-32.7%.
 BBTV most sever & widely prevalent in Australia,
Pakistan. India, Borneo, Egypt, Sri lanka, Taiwan,
Philippine.
Pathogen BBTV

3. Symptoms
Irregular, nodular, green streaks (.75mm wide, 2.5 c
long), along the veins, on underside of lower portion
of leaf blade, midrib & petiole.
Transmission
Mechanical
Aphid (pentalonis nigronervosa) persistent
manner.
A single aphid is enough to transmit disease.

5. Epidemiology
Disease spread quickly in hilly areas due to
conducive weather .
Rain.
Management
Remove infected plant.
Use resistance variety.
40g of carbofuran 3g granules/ pit before
planting.
Spray systemic insecticide viz.,
0.1%phasphamidon or 0.2%oxydementon methyl or

6. Potato Virus X
Symptoms
Inter veinal mosaic.
Mottling with stunting.
Crinkling.
Top necrosis.
Transmission
Mechanical.
Chewing insects.
Management
Field sanitation with 3% trisodium phosphate or 1%
calcium hypohoride.

8. Potato virus y
Symptoms
Mosaic.
Necrosis.
Leaf drop streaking.
Plant Stunting.
Bunching or twisting of leaves.
Necrosis.
Transmission
Aphid (Aphis gossypii) non persistent manner.
Management
Thermotherapy.

10. Potato Leaf Roll Virus
Symptoms
Upper and inward rolling of leaflet.
Leaf turning.
Dwarfing.
Leaflet thick and dry & lower leaf become brown.
Smaller size tuber.
Transmission
Planting infected seed tuber.
Aphid (Aphis gossypii) persistent manner.
 Primary vector Green peach aphid (myzus persicae).

12. Management
Use certified seed.
Hot water treatment at 55 c for 15- 20 mint.
 Control aphid pop & other host.

13. Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus
First reported from India 1975.
Symptoms
Sudden browning of leaves.
Necrosis.
Leaves distortion.
Green brown glaze to dark brown almost black
glaze area.
On ripe fruit red and yellow markings.

15. Transmission
Tospo virus cause the disease.
Thrips (Thrips tabaci)).
Vector (Frankliniella occidentalis).
Mechanical transmission.
Host range:
Ornamental plants, Vegetables, Weeds,
Potato, Brinjal, Pea, French bean, Cowpea, Lettuce,
Pineapple.

16. Management
• Prevent from vectors.
• Uproot and burn the effected field
• Systemic insecticides
• Control of weeds
• Crop rotation
• Plant resistance cultivars

17. Tomato Leaf Curl Virus
After infection within 20 days disease losses up to
92.4%.
Infection occur after 35 & 50 days after transplanting
yield losses would be reduced to 74 & 28% respectively.
Symptoms :
• Severe form in September and November
• Stunted and excessively branched
• Leaves show downward rolling

19. Cont..
• Curling twisting and chlorosis
• Flower drop is common.
Transmission:
• White fly Bemisia tabaci.
Epidemiology:
• High temperature and low humidity.

20. Management:
• Seed treatment with hot water @ 50°c
• Field sanitation
• Mulching with saw dust.
• Yellow sticky traps for controlling of insect
vector.
• Bio control agent.
• Spray of krishi oil after flower formation.
• Eradicate weeds.

21. Chilli mosaic virus
21-60% yield losses.
Symptoms:
Vein clearing on leaves.
Yellowing of whole leaves, followed by patterns of
yellow and green colour
Distortion of veins
Infected plants produce few fruits
Transmission:
Sap transmitted
Vector Aphis gossypii

23. Host range:
Chilli, Bell pepper, Tobacco, Tomato, Egg plant, Okra,
Nicotiana rustica ,N glutinosa , Datura alba
Management:
Destruction of infected plants
Eradication of weeds from the field
Spraying of 0.02% methyl parathion for aphid.

24. Tobacco mosaic virus
Symptoms:
Greenish yellowing mottling curled in shape
Brown streaking on branches
Mottled symptoms on fruit
Yellow spotting in some fruits.
Spots are irregular in shape and sunken
Transmission:
Mechanically transmitted virus.
Infected seeds of chilli.

26. Host range
Very wide host range.
Management:
Resistance varity. Burn the infected plants.

27. Cucumber mosaic virus
Mottling between light and dark portion
Upward curling
Dark green spots on surface of leaves
Infected plants are compact
Yellow ring are produced on fruits quarter and half inch in
diameter.
Transmission:
Aphis craccivora, A. gossypii.
Mechanically transmitted virus.

29. Management:
Removal and destruction of infected plant
Removal of weeds from field
Spraying of 0.05% nuvacron 0.02% of metasystox
Soil application of carbofuran at1.5 kg/ Ha.
Spraying of 1.5-1.8% mineral oil at 5-6 days interval.