COST Action CA16222 on Autonomous and Connected Transport –How block chain could play a role?

© 2018 WISE-ACT | COST Action CA16222 | info@wise-act.eu | www.wise-act.eu
COST Action CA16222 on
Autonomous and
Connected Transport –
How block chain could play a role?
Federico Costantini, University of Udine (IT)
15 November 2018 @Decentralized2018, Athens (GR)

Summary
(1) INTRODUCTION
What is the problem with cars? What is the problem with ”smart cars”?
(2) COST ACTION 16222 “WISE-ACT"
Who are you? What are you doing?
(3) CURRENT STATUS OF AUTONOMOUS CONNECTED TRANSPORT (ACT)
What is the meaning of it? What is the state-of-the-art?
(4) ACT AND DECENTRALIZED2018
Why are you here? How blockchain could play a role? (Some examples)
(5) CONCLUSION
Where does “Philosophy of Blockchain” meets “Metaphysics of ACT”?
</>

(1) INTRODUCTION
What is the problem with cars? What is the problem with ”smart cars”?

(1) INTRODUCTION
The problem with cars is, of course, incidents
Human error is the most frequent cause of fatalities
- 95% according to U.S.A. statistics,
- 94% according to EU -> COM(2018) 283 final)
«25.300 people lost their lives on EU roads in 2017, which is 300 fewer than in
2016 (-2%) and 6.200 fewer than in 2010 (-20%)»
http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-18-2761_en.htm

(1) INTRODUCTION
From this perspective, the definitive solution seems obvious …
Smart Cars No mistakes No deaths
EU is putting great efforts in tackling this issue: its aim has an ambitious claim:
«Vision Zero», which means «no road deaths»
No drivers
«Driverless vehicles will change our lives, just as steam trains and motor cars did before them»
COM(2018) 283 final
.. And this means a lot of money
(billions of euro)

(1) INTRODUCTION
But…
link
(for example: what will human drivers do?)
«Labour cost represents 60% of the costs of
ride-hailing services.»
«driverless mobility promises great benefits but also
poses serious questions» COM(2018) 283 final
</>

Who are you? What are you doing?

http://wise-act.eu

- Analyse wider implications of the deployment of Autonomous Connected
Transport on existing roads and infrastructures;
- Consider the transition period, since it is unclear if and when it will start and
conclude;
- Focus on observed and anticipated future mobility trends and implications on
travel behaviour, social, ethical, institutional and business impacts;
Purpose

Chair Dr Nikolas Thomopoulos
Vice Chair Prof. Cristina Pronello
STSM Co-ordinator: Prof. Maria Attard
Publications Co-ordinator: Dr Dimitris Milakis
Science Communication Manager: Dr Giuseppe Lugano
- WG1 – Institutional and Regulatory challenges -> Leader: Dr Floridea di Ciommo
- WG2 – Social Challenges -> Leader: Dr Eda Beyazit
- WG3 – Business challenges -> Leader Prof. Graham Parkhurst
- WG4 – Transport System -> Leader: Prof. Amalia Polydoropoulou
- WG5 – Scenario Development -> Leader: Prof. Constantinos Antoniou
41 Institutions in 37 Countries involved (very large!!)
Structure

(1) Publications
«Publish or perish» (Glossary)
(2) Training school
Quantitative modelling for integrationg Avs in mobility
(3) Short Term Scientific Mission
Join our next open call or keep an eye for future ones
(4) Survey
Performing a wide survey in EU Countries
Current activities
</>

(3) CURRENT STATUS OF ACT
What is the meaning of it? What is the state-of-the-art?

http://articles.sae.org/13573/
Now:
Levels 0-1-2
By 2020:
Levels 3-4
By: 2030 (?)
Levels 4-5
There are six different levels of «autonomicy» They will be
adopted
gradually:

Image
Currently there are
ongoing trials of
«truck platooning
convoys»

Currently available driverless public transport
(at a low speed)
2018, Luxemburg
2016, Lyon

Autonomous
Connected
Transport
Artificial
intelligence
Electric
engines
Shared
mobility
Internet
connection
Several issues of ACT
Artificial intelligence -> ethics, law -> «trolley problem»
Electric Engines -> sustainability -> ecology
Shared mobility -> personal and non-personal data -> GDPR
Internet connection -> 5G standard, IOT -> cybersecurity
</>

Why are you here? How blockchain could play a role? (some examples)

Several examples of possible blockchain implementations in ACT
(1) Navigation and forensics
(2) Microtransactions
(3) Proof of ownership
(4) Proof of history of the vehicle
(5) Supply chain

(1) Navigation and forensics
Trials show that Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) real-time communication are
crucial for the cruise control in ACT.
Data have to be shared among many operators and different kinds of providers.
Data have to be shared among public institutions and private companies.
Data and transmissions have to be secured by tampering.
In case of incident, in order to allocate liabilities genuine data have to be collected (c.d. “chain of custody”)

(2) Microtransactions
Different kinds of smart-contracts concerning:
Road fees
Fuel
Charging stations

(3) Proof of ownership
A distributed ledger for integrated services based on trusted data concerning property
rights and legal permits:
Driver’s registration
Driver’s license
Rental cars documents
Car-sharing services (user’s identification)

(4) Proof of history of the vehicle
Avoid frauds in commercial transactions recording all the events concerning the single
vehicle:
Odometer
Maintenance
Damages

(5) Supply chain
Simplify the logistics for car manufacturers:
For new parts
For spare parts
For recycling
For real-time assistance </>

(5) CONCLUSION
Where does “Philosophy of Blockchain” impinge “Metaphysics of ACT”?

(5) CONCLUSION
The term "being" is used in various senses, but with
reference to one central idea and one definite characteristic,
and not as merely a common epithet.
(Aristotles, Metaphysics, Book 4, 1003a)
Wikipedia
Wikipedia
“Decentralization” is one of the words that is
used in the cryptoeconomics space the most
frequently, and is often even viewed as a
blockchain’s entire raison d’être, but it is also
one of the words that is perhaps defined the
most poorly.
(Vitalik Buterin, Medium)

(5) CONCLUSION
(1) STUDIES, NOT PREDICTIONS
Futurologists are not fit for disruptive technologies (and for “smart cars”)
(2) BEWARE OF “BLACK SWANS” AND “UNICORNS”
Fascinating creatures, but swans bite and unicorns kick ...
(3) THE “UNKNOWN” IS A CULTURAL CHALLENGE
It’s crucial to educate (young) people, raise awareness in institutions and in
public debate on benefits and risks of ”disruptive technologies”
(4) ACT AS A “INTERNET OF TRANSPORTATION”
ACT as a naturally decentralized ecosystem, and an
interesting opportunity for decentralized networks
WikipediaWikipedia
</>

THANKS
Many thanks!
federico.costantini[at]uniud.it

COST Action CA16222 on Autonomous and Connected Transport –How block chain could play a role?

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COST Action CA16222 on Autonomous and Connected Transport –How block chain could play a role?