Unit 4 Trade Settlement Methods, Export Finance, International Sources of Fi...Charu Rastogi
This presentation covers Trade Settlement Methods, Export Finance, Buyers credit and supplier’s credit, International receivables and cash management, and International Sources of Finance such as ECB, FCCB, ADR, GDR, FDI, Loan Syndication.
Unit 4 Trade Settlement Methods, Export Finance, International Sources of Fi...Charu Rastogi
This presentation covers Trade Settlement Methods, Export Finance, Buyers credit and supplier’s credit, International receivables and cash management, and International Sources of Finance such as ECB, FCCB, ADR, GDR, FDI, Loan Syndication.
Unit 2.2 Exchange Rate Quotations & Forex MarketsCharu Rastogi
This presentation deals with exchange rate quotations, common currency symbols, direct and indirect quotes, American terms, European terms, cross rates, Bid and Ask rates, Mid rate, Spread and its determinants, Spot markets, Forward Markets, Premium and Discounts, various practices of writing quotations, calculating broken period forward rates, Speculation and arbitrage, Forex futures and Currency Options.
5. Methods of Payment in International Trade/Export and Import FinanceCharu Rastogi
This presentation discusses methods of obtaining export and import finance such as Accounts Receivable Financing, Factoring (Cross-Border Factoring), Letters of Credit (L/C) Banker’s Acceptance (BA), Working Capital Financing, Medium-Term Capital Goods, Financing (Forfaiting) and Countertrade. It also discusses methods of payment of international trade; Cash in Advance, Letters of Credit, Documentary Collections and Open Account followed by a comparative study of different methods. Furthermore, types of letter of credit and procedure of working of a letter of credit are also discussed.
The foreign exchange market or forex market as it is often called is the market in which currencies are traded.
Currency Trading is the world’s largest market consisting of almost trillion in daily volumes
The market continues to rapidly grow. Not only is the forex market the largest market in the world, but it is also the most liquid, differentiating it from the other markets.
There is no central marketplace for the exchange of currency, but instead the trading is conducted over-the-counter.
This decentralization of the market allows traders to choose from a number of different dealers to make trades with and allows for comparison of prices. Typically, the larger a dealer is the better access they have to pricing at the largest banks in the world, and are able to pass that on to their clients.
The spot currency market is open twenty-four hours a day, five days a week, with currencies being traded around the world in all of the major financial centers.
All trades that take place in the foreign exchange market involve the buying of one currency and the selling of another currency simultaneously. This is because the value of one currency is determined by its comparison to another currency.
The first currency of a currency pair is called the “base currency,” while the second currency is called the counter currency. The currency pair shows how much of the counter currency is needed to purchase one unit of the base currency.
Currency pairs can be thought of as a single unit that can be bought or sold. When purchasing a currency pair, the base currency is being bought, while the counter currency is being sold.
Forex Capital Markets (FXCM) is an online currency trading firm that offers a free demo account to traders who are new and interested in the foreign exchange market.
It allows you to experience every step of currency trading including choosing currency pairs, deciding how much risk to take, tracking the time and dates of placed trades, deciding how long to stay in the trade, and when to exit the trade. It also allows the placing of stop and limit orders on trades.
Information about trading and specifically about how to use the online trading platform can be found on the FXCM webpage. In addition, FXCM offers FREE interactive online seminars that are extremely useful to both new and experienced currency traders.
Characteristics of foreign exchange
Its huge trading volume representing the largest asset class in the world leading to high liquidity;
Its geographical dispersion;
Its continuous operation: 24 hours a day except weekends, i.e., trading from 20:15 GMT on Sunday until 22:00 GMT Friday;
The variety of factors that affect exchange rates;
The low margins of relative profit compared with other markets of fixed income;
The use of leverage to enhance profit and loss margins and with respect to account size.
Unit 2.2 Exchange Rate Quotations & Forex MarketsCharu Rastogi
This presentation deals with exchange rate quotations, common currency symbols, direct and indirect quotes, American terms, European terms, cross rates, Bid and Ask rates, Mid rate, Spread and its determinants, Spot markets, Forward Markets, Premium and Discounts, various practices of writing quotations, calculating broken period forward rates, Speculation and arbitrage, Forex futures and Currency Options.
5. Methods of Payment in International Trade/Export and Import FinanceCharu Rastogi
This presentation discusses methods of obtaining export and import finance such as Accounts Receivable Financing, Factoring (Cross-Border Factoring), Letters of Credit (L/C) Banker’s Acceptance (BA), Working Capital Financing, Medium-Term Capital Goods, Financing (Forfaiting) and Countertrade. It also discusses methods of payment of international trade; Cash in Advance, Letters of Credit, Documentary Collections and Open Account followed by a comparative study of different methods. Furthermore, types of letter of credit and procedure of working of a letter of credit are also discussed.
The foreign exchange market or forex market as it is often called is the market in which currencies are traded.
Currency Trading is the world’s largest market consisting of almost trillion in daily volumes
The market continues to rapidly grow. Not only is the forex market the largest market in the world, but it is also the most liquid, differentiating it from the other markets.
There is no central marketplace for the exchange of currency, but instead the trading is conducted over-the-counter.
This decentralization of the market allows traders to choose from a number of different dealers to make trades with and allows for comparison of prices. Typically, the larger a dealer is the better access they have to pricing at the largest banks in the world, and are able to pass that on to their clients.
The spot currency market is open twenty-four hours a day, five days a week, with currencies being traded around the world in all of the major financial centers.
All trades that take place in the foreign exchange market involve the buying of one currency and the selling of another currency simultaneously. This is because the value of one currency is determined by its comparison to another currency.
The first currency of a currency pair is called the “base currency,” while the second currency is called the counter currency. The currency pair shows how much of the counter currency is needed to purchase one unit of the base currency.
Currency pairs can be thought of as a single unit that can be bought or sold. When purchasing a currency pair, the base currency is being bought, while the counter currency is being sold.
Forex Capital Markets (FXCM) is an online currency trading firm that offers a free demo account to traders who are new and interested in the foreign exchange market.
It allows you to experience every step of currency trading including choosing currency pairs, deciding how much risk to take, tracking the time and dates of placed trades, deciding how long to stay in the trade, and when to exit the trade. It also allows the placing of stop and limit orders on trades.
Information about trading and specifically about how to use the online trading platform can be found on the FXCM webpage. In addition, FXCM offers FREE interactive online seminars that are extremely useful to both new and experienced currency traders.
Characteristics of foreign exchange
Its huge trading volume representing the largest asset class in the world leading to high liquidity;
Its geographical dispersion;
Its continuous operation: 24 hours a day except weekends, i.e., trading from 20:15 GMT on Sunday until 22:00 GMT Friday;
The variety of factors that affect exchange rates;
The low margins of relative profit compared with other markets of fixed income;
The use of leverage to enhance profit and loss margins and with respect to account size.
Unlocking Business Potential: Democratizing AI and Navigating Generative AI i...RNayak3
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Unlocking Insights: AI-powered Enhanced Due Diligence Strategies for Increase...RNayak3
Explore how a risk-based approach to Enhanced Due Diligence can deliver effective Anti-Money Laundering (AML) compliance and monitoring in banking and financial services.
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2. Correspondent Bank
In very simple, Correspondent Bank is a bank that acts on
behalf of another bank, usually a foreign bank
Respondent Correspondent
3. Correspondent Banking
Large commercial bank of one country may maintain demand deposit
account with one another country. This is the network of banking .Transaction
between these banks are known as Corresponding banking relationship.
Uses of correspondent banking
• Helps in efficient functioning of foreign exchange
• Treasury services
• Facilitates international trade and finance
• Manage international investments
4. Why correspondent bank ?
When our domestic bank could not find feasible to establish a bank in foreign country
for providing service to its customer in foreign ,domestic bank create correspondent bank
account with a bank in foreign country
Correspondent bank will charge a small fee for services they provide
5. Example of correspondent banking relationship
US Importer/Buyer Dutch Exporter/Seller
Goods worth € 7,50,000
US Importer desire to
purchase goods from Dutch
exporter
Dutch exporter is willing
to export goods at
€7,50,000
6. Problems of this transaction
• Dollar vs Euro currency exchange rate(US importer
need to purchase Euro currency)
• Transfer of money
Here, the correspondent banking networks play the role.
If the importer have an account in the bank – that have an another
correspondent account in Dutch bank , then he can transfer the
amount very easily. The respondent bank will exchange the dollar
and Euro.
7. US Bank offer
$1.3092 / €1.00
US Importer agrees and transfer
$9,81,900($1.3092 * €7,50,000)
to his US Bank account
US Importer account
Credit $9,81,900
Debit $9,81,900
US Bank Respondent
Account*
Credit $9,81,900
US Bank correspondent
Euro account*
Debit €7,50,000
Dutch Exporter Account
Credit € 7,50,000
Received €7,50,000
Dutch Exporter
US BANK
EURO BANK
9. Nostro and Vostro Acount
• Nostro Account - When a bank have correspondent
account with another foreign bank. They called it as
Nostro account ( Our account on your book)
• Vostro Account- If a bank have Correspondent account
of other bank.They called it as Vostro account ( Your
account but on our books)
10. SWIFT
• Society for Worldwide Financial Transaction
• Enable international communication for commercial banks
• Headquarters in Brussels
CHIPS
• Clear Housing International Payments Systems
• Corporate with US federal Bank System (fedwire)
• Provide clearing house service for inter bank settlement
ECHO
• Exchange Clearing House Limited
• First global FX clearing house -1995
• 1997- Merged with CSL service limited
• 18 currencies are now available for settlement among
60 members