Asian companies and capital markets demonstrated resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. While some industries like energy and consumer cyclicals saw sharp sales declines early in the pandemic, Asian equity and bond markets continued to finance companies. Asian firms raised over 40% of global equity capital in 2020-2021. Government support measures helped cushion the impact, and corporate bond issuance in Asia exceeded pre-pandemic levels. By 2021, most Asian industries saw sales recover or exceed pre-pandemic averages. Overall, Asian capital markets and corporations adapted well and helped drive regional recovery.
This report provides an evidence-based overview of developments in capital markets globally leading up to the COVID-19 crisis. It then documents the impact of the crisis on the use of capital markets and the introduction of temporary corporate governance measures.
MTBiz is for you if you are looking for contemporary information on business, economy and especially on banking industry of Bangladesh. You would also find periodical information on Global Economy and Commodity Markets.
Signature content of MTBiz is its Article of the Month (AoM), as depicted on Cover Page of each issue, with featured focus on different issues that fall into the wide definition of Market, Business, Organization and Leadership. The AoM also covers areas on Innovation, Central Banking, Monetary Policy, National Budget, Economic Depression or Growth and Capital Market. Scale of coverage of the AoM both, global and local subject to each issue.
MTBiz is a monthly Market Review produced and distributed by Group R&D, MTB since 2009.
1. The global volume of net investable assets of high-net-worth individuals (HNWI+) will increase by around 25% to almost US$70 trillion by 2021.
2. Holistic wealth management will emerge as a new kind of digitalizedbusiness model. Holistic wealth managers are expected to gain a market share of 30% by 2025.
3. Wealth managers with traditional business models will largely disappear from the market as a result.
4. Traditional wealth managers located in or operating out of the United States are likely to survive in the international offshore business thanks to increasingly favorable conditions.
5. The service offering of wealth managers with an offshore business model will increasingly mirror that of onshore wealth managers.
El avance tecnológico es una de las más importantes fuentes de crecimiento a largo plazo. Las tasas y los patrones de crecimiento varían considerablemente entre países y las diferencias en capacidades tecnológicas tienen un papel fundamental.
Pese a las dificultades que pueda entrañar la definición de alta tecnología, sí que es posible sintetizar
ciertos comportamientos propios de estas empresas, y de los mercados en los que operan, que condicionan su actividad.
Inicialmente parece necesario mencionar las condiciones medioambientales propias de los sectores de
alta tecnología que se resumen en la existencia de
niveles de incertidumbre muy elevados asociados a
diversos factores: 1) la entrada y salida constante
de competidores que suele producirse en estos
mercados, los cuales pueden proceder de los sectores más variados (McGrath, 1995); 2) la aparición
de nuevos mercados o la transformación radical de
los preexistentes a medida que las tecnología surgen y evolucionan (Shanklin y Ryans, 1987); 3) la
inseguridad acerca de cuáles serán las aplicaciones
comerciales más rentables de las nuevas tecnologías
(Macinnis y Heslop, 1990)
la importancia y la necesidad de la incorporación de la orientación al mercado como una cultura de gestión del negocio en las empresas de alta tecnología. La orientación al mercado entendemos que ejerce una influencia positiva sobre todas las actividades de la empresa y, en concreto, sobre las actividades de innovación. Así, los resultados obtenidos evidencian que las empresas más orientadas al mercado innovan mejor y obtienen mejores resultados en los productos que comercializan. Desde esta perspectiva, y dado el carácter estratégico de la innovación en los mercados de alta tecnología, es necesario que desde la dirección se asuma la coexistencia entre la orientación tecnológica, a veces presente en exceso, y la orientación al mercado.
Un producto de alta tecnología (High Tech, en inglés) es un objeto complejo, que responde a
necesidades de las personas y se obtiene a partir de tecnologías que están cambiando
constantemente. Las empresas que asumen su producción son aquellas de carácter altamente
competitivo y que disponen de una sólida base científico-tecnológica (Santos, 1995, p.2).
En otras palabras, son productos que resultan de la aplicación del estado más avanzado de
desarrollo en términos de tecnología, o sencillamente, la tecnología más avanzada disponible
en el momento.
Otra característica importante de los productos de alta tecnología, nos dicen Hills y Sarin
(2003), es que funcionan como parte de un amplio sistema de productos, más que como
productos separados (p.e impresora, escáner, software, servidor y red). De ahí que la
disponibilidad de productos complementarios y la compatibilidad con otros productos en un
sistema es crítico para el éxito o fracaso de nuevas tecnologías (p. 13).
Con los productos de alta tecnología, nos amplían Keegan y Green (2009), se usan estrategias
de mercadeo de posicionamiento
This report provides an evidence-based overview of developments in capital markets globally leading up to the COVID-19 crisis. It then documents the impact of the crisis on the use of capital markets and the introduction of temporary corporate governance measures.
MTBiz is for you if you are looking for contemporary information on business, economy and especially on banking industry of Bangladesh. You would also find periodical information on Global Economy and Commodity Markets.
Signature content of MTBiz is its Article of the Month (AoM), as depicted on Cover Page of each issue, with featured focus on different issues that fall into the wide definition of Market, Business, Organization and Leadership. The AoM also covers areas on Innovation, Central Banking, Monetary Policy, National Budget, Economic Depression or Growth and Capital Market. Scale of coverage of the AoM both, global and local subject to each issue.
MTBiz is a monthly Market Review produced and distributed by Group R&D, MTB since 2009.
1. The global volume of net investable assets of high-net-worth individuals (HNWI+) will increase by around 25% to almost US$70 trillion by 2021.
2. Holistic wealth management will emerge as a new kind of digitalizedbusiness model. Holistic wealth managers are expected to gain a market share of 30% by 2025.
3. Wealth managers with traditional business models will largely disappear from the market as a result.
4. Traditional wealth managers located in or operating out of the United States are likely to survive in the international offshore business thanks to increasingly favorable conditions.
5. The service offering of wealth managers with an offshore business model will increasingly mirror that of onshore wealth managers.
El avance tecnológico es una de las más importantes fuentes de crecimiento a largo plazo. Las tasas y los patrones de crecimiento varían considerablemente entre países y las diferencias en capacidades tecnológicas tienen un papel fundamental.
Pese a las dificultades que pueda entrañar la definición de alta tecnología, sí que es posible sintetizar
ciertos comportamientos propios de estas empresas, y de los mercados en los que operan, que condicionan su actividad.
Inicialmente parece necesario mencionar las condiciones medioambientales propias de los sectores de
alta tecnología que se resumen en la existencia de
niveles de incertidumbre muy elevados asociados a
diversos factores: 1) la entrada y salida constante
de competidores que suele producirse en estos
mercados, los cuales pueden proceder de los sectores más variados (McGrath, 1995); 2) la aparición
de nuevos mercados o la transformación radical de
los preexistentes a medida que las tecnología surgen y evolucionan (Shanklin y Ryans, 1987); 3) la
inseguridad acerca de cuáles serán las aplicaciones
comerciales más rentables de las nuevas tecnologías
(Macinnis y Heslop, 1990)
la importancia y la necesidad de la incorporación de la orientación al mercado como una cultura de gestión del negocio en las empresas de alta tecnología. La orientación al mercado entendemos que ejerce una influencia positiva sobre todas las actividades de la empresa y, en concreto, sobre las actividades de innovación. Así, los resultados obtenidos evidencian que las empresas más orientadas al mercado innovan mejor y obtienen mejores resultados en los productos que comercializan. Desde esta perspectiva, y dado el carácter estratégico de la innovación en los mercados de alta tecnología, es necesario que desde la dirección se asuma la coexistencia entre la orientación tecnológica, a veces presente en exceso, y la orientación al mercado.
Un producto de alta tecnología (High Tech, en inglés) es un objeto complejo, que responde a
necesidades de las personas y se obtiene a partir de tecnologías que están cambiando
constantemente. Las empresas que asumen su producción son aquellas de carácter altamente
competitivo y que disponen de una sólida base científico-tecnológica (Santos, 1995, p.2).
En otras palabras, son productos que resultan de la aplicación del estado más avanzado de
desarrollo en términos de tecnología, o sencillamente, la tecnología más avanzada disponible
en el momento.
Otra característica importante de los productos de alta tecnología, nos dicen Hills y Sarin
(2003), es que funcionan como parte de un amplio sistema de productos, más que como
productos separados (p.e impresora, escáner, software, servidor y red). De ahí que la
disponibilidad de productos complementarios y la compatibilidad con otros productos en un
sistema es crítico para el éxito o fracaso de nuevas tecnologías (p. 13).
Con los productos de alta tecnología, nos amplían Keegan y Green (2009), se usan estrategias
de mercadeo de posicionamiento
This presentation by Alicia García-Herrero (Senior Fellow, Bruegel) was made during a discussion on Subsidies, competition and trade at the 21st meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 1 December 2022. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at https://oe.cd/sctr.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Asia is rapidly growing into the world’s largest stock market. In 2018, 51% of all equity capital raised through initial public offerings (IPOs) went to Asian companies. Today more than half of the world’s listed companies are from Asia. This development is reshaping global stock market in several ways: Households outside of Asia have increased their investments in Asian companies through pension funds, mutual funds and other intermediaries; it is increasingly common that listed companies are majority owned by the public sector or by other private companies; and smaller growth companies from Asia are using capital markets to raise money more extensively than smaller companies from the rest of the world.
This report provides a comprehensive and comparable analysis of world developments and the growing role of Asian capital markets since the mid-1990s. It focuses on primary equity markets, growth company listings, investment banking activities and ownership structure of publicly listed companies. It also contains a special chapter on how companies use foreign public equity markets to raise capital and to cross-list their shares.
THE STATE OF STARTUP ECOSYSTEM - INDIA x JAPAN 2023Joshua Flannery
This document is the result of a research and analysis by Ms. Sakshi Sharma, overseen and supervised by Joshua Flannery, CEO, Innovation Dojo Japan LLC.
Enquiries: joshua@innovationdojo.com.au
www.innovationdojo.com.au
OECD: The impact of the Covid-19 outbreak on economic (Presentation)chaganomics
The impact of the Covid-19 outbreak on economic prospects is severe Growth was weak but stabilising until the coronavirus Covid-19 hit. Restrictions on movement of people, goods and services, and containment measures such as factory closures have cut manufacturing and domestic demand sharply in China. The impact on the rest of the world through business travel and tourism, supply chains, commodities and lower confidence is growing.
At present, a considerable amount of people worldwide is highly engaged in self-care beauty routine.
It is caused by the desire to follow a healthy lifestyle, beauty standards, as well as by constant mask wearing
during the COVID-19 pandemic that badly effects face skin. Such a tendency greatly promotes the development
of cosmetics products globally. And one of the major industry actors is Korea, which easily has covered the
domestic demand with innovative and sustainable products and confidently conquers foreign markets. As the US
is the leader in the cosmetics market size, it is of particular importance to investigate the prospects of Korean
manufacturers, including small- and medium-sized companies, there
EMERGING ECONOMIES OF THE WORLD 2021 (1).pptxAmarwaha
An emerging market economy is an economy that is in the process of becoming a developed economy.
Emerging market economies typically feature a unified currency, stock market, and backing system, and are in the process of industrializing.
Emerging market economies can offer greater returns to investors due to rapid growth, but also offer greater exposure to some inherent risks due to their status.
This presentation by Morris Kleiner (University of Minnesota), was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation comprises highlights from the publication OECD Competition Trends 2024 published in Paris on 6 March 2024 during the OECD Competition Open Day. The full publication can be accessed at oe.cd/comp-trends.
More Related Content
Similar to Corporate Finance in Asia and the COVID-19 Crisis
This presentation by Alicia García-Herrero (Senior Fellow, Bruegel) was made during a discussion on Subsidies, competition and trade at the 21st meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 1 December 2022. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at https://oe.cd/sctr.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Asia is rapidly growing into the world’s largest stock market. In 2018, 51% of all equity capital raised through initial public offerings (IPOs) went to Asian companies. Today more than half of the world’s listed companies are from Asia. This development is reshaping global stock market in several ways: Households outside of Asia have increased their investments in Asian companies through pension funds, mutual funds and other intermediaries; it is increasingly common that listed companies are majority owned by the public sector or by other private companies; and smaller growth companies from Asia are using capital markets to raise money more extensively than smaller companies from the rest of the world.
This report provides a comprehensive and comparable analysis of world developments and the growing role of Asian capital markets since the mid-1990s. It focuses on primary equity markets, growth company listings, investment banking activities and ownership structure of publicly listed companies. It also contains a special chapter on how companies use foreign public equity markets to raise capital and to cross-list their shares.
THE STATE OF STARTUP ECOSYSTEM - INDIA x JAPAN 2023Joshua Flannery
This document is the result of a research and analysis by Ms. Sakshi Sharma, overseen and supervised by Joshua Flannery, CEO, Innovation Dojo Japan LLC.
Enquiries: joshua@innovationdojo.com.au
www.innovationdojo.com.au
OECD: The impact of the Covid-19 outbreak on economic (Presentation)chaganomics
The impact of the Covid-19 outbreak on economic prospects is severe Growth was weak but stabilising until the coronavirus Covid-19 hit. Restrictions on movement of people, goods and services, and containment measures such as factory closures have cut manufacturing and domestic demand sharply in China. The impact on the rest of the world through business travel and tourism, supply chains, commodities and lower confidence is growing.
At present, a considerable amount of people worldwide is highly engaged in self-care beauty routine.
It is caused by the desire to follow a healthy lifestyle, beauty standards, as well as by constant mask wearing
during the COVID-19 pandemic that badly effects face skin. Such a tendency greatly promotes the development
of cosmetics products globally. And one of the major industry actors is Korea, which easily has covered the
domestic demand with innovative and sustainable products and confidently conquers foreign markets. As the US
is the leader in the cosmetics market size, it is of particular importance to investigate the prospects of Korean
manufacturers, including small- and medium-sized companies, there
EMERGING ECONOMIES OF THE WORLD 2021 (1).pptxAmarwaha
An emerging market economy is an economy that is in the process of becoming a developed economy.
Emerging market economies typically feature a unified currency, stock market, and backing system, and are in the process of industrializing.
Emerging market economies can offer greater returns to investors due to rapid growth, but also offer greater exposure to some inherent risks due to their status.
This presentation by Morris Kleiner (University of Minnesota), was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation comprises highlights from the publication OECD Competition Trends 2024 published in Paris on 6 March 2024 during the OECD Competition Open Day. The full publication can be accessed at oe.cd/comp-trends.
This presentation by Cristina Camacho, Head of Cabinet and Head of International Relations, Portuguese Competition Authority, was made during the discussion “Use of Economic Evidence in Cartel Cases” held at the 22nd meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/egci.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by William E. Kovacic, Global Competition Professor of Law and Policy and Director, Competition Law Center, The George Washington University, was made during the discussion “Ex-post Assessment of Merger Remedies” held at the 22nd meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/eamr.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by John E. Kwoka, Neal F. Finnegan Distinguished Professor of Economics, Northeastern University, was made during the discussion “Ex-post Assessment of Merger Remedies” held at the 22nd meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/eamr.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Amelia Fletcher CBE, Professor of Competition Policy, University of East Anglia, was made during the discussion “Ex-post Assessment of Merger Remedies” held at the 22nd meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/eamr.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by the OECD Secretariat was made during the discussion “Ex-post Assessment of Merger Remedies” held at the 22nd meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/eamr.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by John Davies, Member, UK Competition Appeal Tribunal, was made during the discussion “Use of Economic Evidence in Cartel Cases” held at the 22nd meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/egci.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Simon Roberts, Professor, Centre for Competition, Regulation and Economic Development, University of Johannesburg, was made during the discussion “Use of Economic Evidence in Cartel Cases” held at the 22nd meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/egci.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Serbia was made during the discussion “Alternatives to Leniency Programmes” held at the 22nd meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 7 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/atlp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Italy was made during the discussion “Alternatives to Leniency Programmes” held at the 22nd meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 7 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/atlp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Daniel CRANE, Richard W. Pogue Professor of Law, University of Michigan, was made during the discussion “Out-of-Market Efficiencies in Competition Enforcement” held at the 141st meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 6 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/omee.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by John DAVIES, Member, Competition Appeal Tribunal UK, was made during the discussion “Out-of-Market Efficiencies in Competition Enforcement” held at the 141st meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 6 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/omee.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Nancy ROSE, Head of the Department of Economics and Charles P. Kindleberger Professor of Applied Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), was made during the discussion “Out-of-Market Efficiencies in Competition Enforcement” held at the 141st meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 6 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/omee.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Nicole ROSENBOOM, Principal, Oxera Consulting LLP, was made during the discussion “Out-of-Market Efficiencies in Competition Enforcement” held at the 141st meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 6 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/omee.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Anna TZANAKI, Lecturer in Law, University of Leeds, was made during the discussion “Serial Acquisitions and Industry Roll-ups” held at the 141st meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 6 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/sair.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Sha'ista GOGA, Director, Acacia Economics, was made during the discussion “Serial Acquisitions and Industry Roll-ups” held at the 141st meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 6 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/sair.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Ioannis KOKKORIS, Chair in Competition Law and Economics and Director, Centre for Commercial Law Studies, Queen Mary University of London, was made during the discussion “Serial Acquisitions and Industry Roll-ups” held at the 141st meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 6 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/sair.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by the OECD Secretariat was made during the discussion “Serial Acquisitions and Industry Roll-ups” held at the 141st meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 6 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/sair.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Simonetta VEZZOSO, Associate Professor, Economics Department, University of Trento, was made during the discussion “Competition and Innovation - The Role of Innovation in Enforcement Cases” held at the 141st meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 5 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/rbci.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
More from OECD Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs (20)
What is the point of small housing associations.pptxPaul Smith
Given the small scale of housing associations and their relative high cost per home what is the point of them and how do we justify their continued existance
ZGB - The Role of Generative AI in Government transformation.pdfSaeed Al Dhaheri
This keynote was presented during the the 7th edition of the UAE Hackathon 2024. It highlights the role of AI and Generative AI in addressing government transformation to achieve zero government bureaucracy
Presentation by Jared Jageler, David Adler, Noelia Duchovny, and Evan Herrnstadt, analysts in CBO’s Microeconomic Studies and Health Analysis Divisions, at the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Summer Conference.
Many ways to support street children.pptxSERUDS INDIA
By raising awareness, providing support, advocating for change, and offering assistance to children in need, individuals can play a crucial role in improving the lives of street children and helping them realize their full potential
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-individuals-can-support-street-children-in-india/
#donatefororphan, #donateforhomelesschildren, #childeducation, #ngochildeducation, #donateforeducation, #donationforchildeducation, #sponsorforpoorchild, #sponsororphanage #sponsororphanchild, #donation, #education, #charity, #educationforchild, #seruds, #kurnool, #joyhome
Understanding the Challenges of Street ChildrenSERUDS INDIA
By raising awareness, providing support, advocating for change, and offering assistance to children in need, individuals can play a crucial role in improving the lives of street children and helping them realize their full potential
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-individuals-can-support-street-children-in-india/
#donatefororphan, #donateforhomelesschildren, #childeducation, #ngochildeducation, #donateforeducation, #donationforchildeducation, #sponsorforpoorchild, #sponsororphanage #sponsororphanchild, #donation, #education, #charity, #educationforchild, #seruds, #kurnool, #joyhome
This session provides a comprehensive overview of the latest updates to the Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit Requirements for Federal Awards (commonly known as the Uniform Guidance) outlined in the 2 CFR 200.
With a focus on the 2024 revisions issued by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), participants will gain insight into the key changes affecting federal grant recipients. The session will delve into critical regulatory updates, providing attendees with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate and comply with the evolving landscape of federal grant management.
Learning Objectives:
- Understand the rationale behind the 2024 updates to the Uniform Guidance outlined in 2 CFR 200, and their implications for federal grant recipients.
- Identify the key changes and revisions introduced by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in the 2024 edition of 2 CFR 200.
- Gain proficiency in applying the updated regulations to ensure compliance with federal grant requirements and avoid potential audit findings.
- Develop strategies for effectively implementing the new guidelines within the grant management processes of their respective organizations, fostering efficiency and accountability in federal grant administration.
2. Capital markets and the corporate sector in Asia have proven
resilient in the face of the COVID-19 crisis
The outbreak and resurgence of the COVID-19 pandemic have presented
significant challenges for the global economy and financial stability. Thanks to
measures taken by Asian governments during the pandemic, the corporate sector
started recovering more rapidly compared to other regions of the world.
Asian corporations and their ability to access financing deserve special attention
due to their importance in global markets, their integration into regional and
global supply chains, and their ownership structures.
o Asian companies represent over half of the total number of companies
listed around the world and one-third of global market capitalisation.
o Over the last decade, Asian equity markets have attracted over one-third of
global corporate investment and this share is set to increase further.
3. Asian companies’ profitability is relatively weak and corporate
investment focuses mainly on fixed capital
The significant growth of Asian equity markets has been accompanied by a general
decrease in profitability, particularly in the ASEAN region.
In 2020, ROE in emerging and developing Asia, and advanced Asia was 6.2% and
5.4% respectively, compared to 5.6% for the world excluding Asia. In the ASEAN
region, this number was much lower (1.8%).
Compared to the rest of the world, Asian companies invest more in fixed capital
(Capex) than in research and development (R&D).
Source: Corporate Finance in Asia and the COVID-19 Crisis.
Return on equity (aggregate) Capex and R&D, % of assets (aggregate)
0%
4%
8%
12%
16%
'05 '10 '15 '20
World excluding Asia Advanced Asia
Emerging and developing Asia ASEAN
0%
1%
2%
3%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
'05 '10 '15 '20
Capex, World Capex, Asia
R&D, World (RHS) R&D, Asia (RHS)
4. Asian companies are the world’s largest users of public equity
markets
Asian companies raised 46% of all public equity in the world between 2009 and 2021, a
marked increase from 22% during the 1990s.
Over the last decade, 10 out of the top 20 IPO markets globally were in Asia.
Several Asian emerging markets, such as Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia rank higher
in terms of IPOs than most advanced economies.
Source: Corporate Finance in Asia and the COVID-19 Crisis.
Top 20 jurisdictions by number of non-financial company IPOs between 2012 and 2021
0
500
1 000
1 500
United
States
Japan
India
Australia
Korea
Hong
Kong
(China)
United
Kingdom
Sweden
Canada
Thailand
Indonesia
Italy
Malaysia
Singapore
Poland
Chinese
Taipei
France
Israel
Turkey
0
1 000
2 000
3 000
China
No. of companies
5. Corporate bond markets in Asia have grown from an average annual issuance of
USD 129 billion between 2000-2008 to USD 602 billion between 2009-2021, reaching
USD 965 billion in 2021.
This extraordinary growth has more than doubled Asian non-financial companies’ share
in global non-financial bond issuance from 15% in 2000 to 39% in 2021.
The total amount of outstanding corporate bonds issued by Asian companies reached
USD 3.8 trillion in 2021, representing 25% of the global amount.
As the bond market has grown, the average rating of Asian bonds decreased more than
two notches between 2000 and 2021.
Asian corporate bond markets have grown significantly during
the past two decades
Source: Corporate Finance in Asia and the COVID-19 Crisis.
Non-financial corporate bond issuance and outstanding - Asia Corporate bond rating index
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
0
200
400
600
800
1 000
2000 '05 '10 '15 '21
2021 USD, billions
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
0
200
400
600
800
1 000
2000 '05 '10 '15 '21
Issuance
Share of global issuance (RHS)
Share of global outstanding (RHS)
2021 USD, billions
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
0
200
400
600
800
1 000
2000 '05 '10 '15 '21
Issuance
Share of global issuance (RHS)
Share of global outstanding (RHS)
2021 USD, billions
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
0
200
400
600
800
1 000
2000 '05 '10 '15 '21
Issuance
Share of global issuance (RHS)
Share of global outstanding (RHS)
2021 USD, billions
10
12 (BBB-)
14
16 (A)
18
2000 '05 '10 '15 '21
Global Asia
Investment grade
20 (AA+)
6. In Asia, corporations, the public sector and strategic individuals
are the most important categories of investors
Source: Corporate Finance in Asia and the COVID-19 Crisis.
30% of the total number of listed companies globally are listed in advanced Asian
markets and 24% are listed in emerging and developing Asian markets.
Institutional investors, who own 43% of global market capitalisation, only own 18% of the
listed equity in Asia. This number is even lower for emerging and developing Asia (12%)
and ASEAN (9%).
The 3 largest shareholders own over 50% of the equity in almost half of the listed
companies in Asia and in almost 60% of the listed companies in emerging and
developing Asia, as well as in 68% of the listed companies in ASEAN.
Investors' holdings in Asia as of end-2020
Global
0.6 28 29
42
Below
10%
Between
10% and
29%
Between
30% and
49%
Over 50%
Share of companies
0.5 22 31
46
Below
10%
Between
10% and
29%
Between
30% and
49%
Over 50%
0.8
29 31 39
Below
10%
Between
10% and
29%
Between
30% and
49%
Over 50%
0.2 12
31
57
Below
10%
Between
10% and
29%
Between
30% and
49%
Over 50%
Asia
Advanced Asia Emerging and developing Asia
Share of companies with different levels of ownership
concentration by top 3 shareholders as of end-2020
Corporations
20%
Public sector
17%
Strategic
individuals
14%
Institutional
investors
18%
Other free-float
32%
8. Equity markets continued financing companies during the
COVID-19 crisis
In Asia, the amount of capital raised during the first quarter of 2020 contracted by
around 20% compared to the previous five-year average. However, the third and
fourth quarter of 2020 showed a significant increase compared to the previous
five‐year average.
In 2021, the equity capital raised by Asian companies reached record levels averaging
USD 113 billion per quarter.
44% of the total amount raised globally in 2020 and 2021 was raised by Asian
companies, totalling USD 351 billion and USD 454 billion, respectively.
Source: Corporate Finance in Asia and the COVID-19 Crisis.
Equity capital raised by non-financial companies in public markets in 2020 and 2021
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
0
100
200
300
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
USD billions
0
70
140
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Global Asia AA EDA (excl. China) China Japan
AA: Advanced Asia
EDA: Emerging and developing Asia
ASEAN
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
2020 2021 2015-2019 Average
9. Bond markets continued financing companies during the
COVID-19 crisis
In 2020, Asian non-financial companies’ bond issuance was significantly higher than
the five-year average. The majority was issued by companies in emerging and
developing Asia, and China in particular.
Chinese, Japanese and Korean companies together accounted for nearly 90% of all
corporate bonds issued by Asian companies in 2020.
The use of corporate bonds by Asian non-financial companies was also strong in
2021. In several months, non-financial corporate bond issuances were significantly
higher than in 2020.
Source: Corporate Finance in Asia and the COVID-19 Crisis.
Monthly corporate bond issuance by non-financial companies
0
175
350
525
700
China
Thousands
2020 2021 2015-2019 Average
0
30
60
90
Jan Dec
USD billions
0
30
60
90
Jan Dec
USD billions
Advanced Asia Emerging and developing Asia
10. The impact of the COVID-19 crisis on aggregate sales was particularly
severe in some industries, such as consumer cyclicals, energy and
industrials
The energy industry experienced a contraction of almost 40% in sales during the second
quarter of 2020, followed by a 26% and 15% decline in the third and fourth quarters,
respectively. Despite the recovery in 2021, the sales of energy companies only grew in
the third quarter (15%).
Consumer cyclicals also witnessed significant 13% and 25% declines in sales during the
first and second quarters of 2020, respectively.
Sales of basic materials, healthcare, industrials and technology companies started
recovering in the fourth quarter of 2020 and showed robust growth in 2021.
Quarterly change in sales of listed Asian companies by industry
Source: Corporate Finance in Asia and the COVID-19 Crisis.
Q1 2020 Q2 2020 Q3 2020 Q4 2020 Q1 2021 Q2 2021 Q3 2021
Basic materials -7% -8% -2% 12% 27% 32% 38%
Cons. cyclicals -13% -25% -7% 4% 4% 4% -4%
Cons. non-cyclicals 2% -2% 1% 6% 14% 11% 8%
Energy -13% -39% -26% -15% -1% 0% 15%
Healthcare -2% -1% 4% 11% 19% 18% 17%
Industrials -8% -10% -4% 6% 13% 17% 15%
Technology -1% 1% 5% 14% 27% 26% 20%
Utilities -5% -8% -5% -2% 8% -4% 3%
11. In response to the COVID-19 crisis, Asian economies adopted a
range of measures
Asian governments implemented a number of support measures, both direct and indirect,
to cushion the blow of the pandemic-induced financial distress.
The most common measures were the provision of loans and loan guarantees.
Subsidies, grants and capital injections were also widely-used. Many jurisdictions
implemented targeted industry measures, targeting vulnerable and hard-hit industries.
Indirect measures included e.g. deferrals of tax obligations. Finally, regulatory
adjustments with respect to e.g. disclosure and annual general meetings were put in
place in several economies.
12. Download the full report here:
https://doi.org/10.1787/87861cf0-en
More information available at:
https://www.oecd.org/corporate/
Editor's Notes
While R&D as a share of assets grew globally between 2005-2020, it decreased in Asia.
Equity raised in IPOs: 101 billion
Equity raised in SPOs: 250 billion
Total USD 350 billion….43% of the global amount raised
During the financial crisis (2009-2010) USD 300 billion
China represents 66% of the amount issued in Asia
Advanced markets: USD 250 billion
Emerging and developing Asia: USD 653 billion (72% of all Asia)
Equity 2020: USD 350 billion
Bonds 2020: USD 903 billion mention this!!!!
Many companies suffered severe losses in revenue due to the COVID-19 crisis. The energy and consumer cyclicals industries were hit particularly hard, in Asia as well as globally
Many companies suffered severe losses in revenue due to the COVID-19 crisis. The energy and consumer cyclicals industries were hit particularly hard, in Asia as well as globally