2. COPD defination - It is a heterogeneous lung
condition characterized by chronic respiratory
symptoms (dyspnea, cough, sputum production)
due to abnormalities of the airway (
bronchitis,bronchiolitis) and /or alveoli
(emphysema)that cause persistent, often
progressive, airflow obstruction.
COPD DEFINATION (GOLD 2023)
3. Causes and Risk factors
● COPD results from gene, environment interaction occurring over the lifetime
of individual (Genomics) that can damage the lungs and/or alter their normal
development/aging process.
● The main environmental exposures leading to copd are tobacco smoking and
the inhalation of toxic particles and gases from household and outdoor air
pollution but other environmental and host factors can also contribute.
● The most relevant genetic risk factor for COPD identified to date are mutation
in the SERPINA1 gene that lead to Alfa 1 antitrypsin deficiency.
9. Diagnostic criteria
. Full filled (Defination and causes, risk factors) , the presence of non- fully
reversible airflow limitation (FEV1/FVC < 0.7 post- bronchodilation) measure by
spirometey confirms the diagnosis of COPD.
21. Ultra long acting Beta agonist
*Indacaterol
*Olodaterol
*Vilanterol (in association with other drugs only)
A network meta-analysis comparison of monotherapy with LABA’s or ULABA’s in
individuals with COPD showed that indacaterol was the most effective β-agonist
monotherapy for moderate-to-severe COPD.
22. HFNC THERAPY FOR COPD WITH AE
● Ahigh-flownasal cannula(HFNC)provides
heated and humidified gasad mixture at
highflow(upto60L/min)viaa wide-bore
nasalcannula.Because of its ease of use
and patient comfort.
40. ● Prevention -Don’t smoke or vape. Avoid secondhand
exposure to tobacco smoke.
● Avoid lung irritants. Use safety equipment (like face
masks) if you work with chemicals or dust.
● Avoid alcohol use. You should limit or completely avoid
alcohol use if you have certain types of Alpha-1 that can
cause liver damage. You shouldn’t drink alcohol if you
have liver damage.
● Ask your provider before taking medications or
supplements that can affect your liver, like acetaminophen
(Tylenol®). Read labels on prescription and over-the-
counter medications, vitamins and supplements for
warnings about liver damage.
● Get vaccinated against infectious diseases. This includes
respiratory illnesses like the flu, pneumonia and COVID-
19 and liver infections like hepatitis A and B. Wash your
hands and take other precautions to avoid getting sick
with illnesses that can cause lung inflammation
● If a family member has Alpha-1, talk to your provider
about getting tested. Having a family member with Alpha-
1 increases your risk of having it or being a carrier.
● If you have Alpha-1 or are a carrier and want to have
children, you may want to speak with a genetic counselor.
They can help you understand the risk of passing genetic
changes to your child.
