CO-PAR : An Overview

ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
UTILIZING CO-PAR: An Overview
By: Rommel Luis C. Israel III
From SPU-HRDP III (PCPD-HRDP III)
Clinical Instructor

MODEL TEACHER:
Jesus was well-known as “Teacher.”
(John 1:38; 13:13)
Jesus did not expect people to come
to him. He went to them.
(Mark 6:56; Luke 19:5,6)
BE A GOOD NURSE-
EDUCATOR

CHN
PHILOSOPHY
• It is based on the worth and dignity of
man
GOAL
• The ultimate goal of community
health services is to raise the level
of health of the citizenry

PHC: Definition
• It is the key in achieving an acceptable
level of health through-out the world in
the foreseeable future as part of social
development and in the spirit of social
justice
- PHC Report of the International
Conferences on PHC, Alma Ata,
USSR, Geneva (WHO: September
1978)

WHO (1978) ON PHC
• PHC is people-oriented
• Its success rests on people
“Community health
development for the
people by the people.”

PHC
PHC IN THE PHILIPPINES
• Practiced even before 1978 when the
WHO declared PHC in Alma Ata
PHC Self-reliant
Community
Towards health
Maintenance!

WHO (1978): OBJECTIVES OF
PHC
1. To enable the people to seek better
health at home, in school, in fields,
and in factories;
2. To enable the people to prevent
injury and diseases, instead of
relying on doctors to repair damages
that can be avoided;

PHC
3. To enable the people to exercise the
right and responsibility in shaping the
environment and bringing about
conditions that make it possible and
easier to live a healthy life
4. To enable the people and exercise
control in managing health and related
systems and to ensure that

PHC
… the basic pre-requirements for
health and access to health care are
available to all people.
LET US EVALUATE:
“As members of the health team,
were we able to meet these
objectives?”

PHC
ALWAYS REMEMBER:

Several approaches were utilized to realize the
objectives of PHC.
These approaches are directed towards the goal of
PEOPLEEMPOWERMENT/CAPABILITY-BUILDING towards
self-reliant community in health management.
This is where the PCPD, Inc. came in with their
Health Resource Development Program.

HEALTH RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMS OF PCPD, Inc.
HRDP I The participants were
interested in the
income
HRDP II generated by the projects
HRDP III – came up with the CO-PAR
process as a strategy in the
implementation of PHC

PCPD-HRDP III
SPU-HRDP III DLSU-HRDP III
SHC-HRDP III LC-HRDP III
Model
Curriculum-based

HEALTH RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAM III
• Developed and sponsored by
Philippine Center for Population and
Development, Inc. (PCPD, Inc)
• Purpose:
- to make health services available
and accessible to depressed and
underserved communities in the
Philippines

HRDP III: Unique Features
 Comprehensive training of the staff and
faculty members of the participating
agency in which the community work was
initiated
 Periodic training program and regular
assistance to the participating agency
were provided to strengthen the health
outreach program to become
community oriented.

PHC as the approach with which all
nursing/medical students, their
Clinical Instructors and indigenous
health workers are to be trained for
community health work and around
which all other project inputs will
revolve

 Community organizing as the main
strategy to be employed in preparing the
communities to developtheircommunityhealthcare
system and the establishment of community
healthorganizationto managethecommunityhealth
programs

Participatory Action Research (PAR)
as facilitating strategy for maximum
community involvement, through
collective identification and analysis
of community health problems and
collective health action

HRDP III
 It aimed to develop an effective primary
health care system in underserved
communities through the improvement of
the capabilities of health training
institutions:
a. to provide community outreach
services

HRDP III
b. To train and to organize
community residents in the
management of their
health concerns

HRDP III: GOAL
It is the delivery of health care to
the far-flung communities which
can not be reached by the health
care agencies. Through the
development of available health
care givers and the local
residents, the primary health
care can be delivered to the
community members.

HRDP III: STRATEGY
The strategy used was the
COMMMUNITY ORGANIZING and
PARTICIPATORY ACTION
RESEARCH to activate the
involvement of community members

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
 Formation of health committees
 Establishment of a community Health
Worker Organization at the parish
municipality level
 Mass health campaign and mobilization
to combat health problems.

Community organizing and participatory
action research

PAR
ESSENTIAL ELEMENT:
►Participation
BENEFICIARIES OF THE RESEARCH:
► The main actors in the research process.
- it enables the community to experience
a collective consciousness of their own
situations

PAR
► It involves:
- research
- education
- actions
> to empower people to determine the
cause of their problems, analyze
these problems, and act by
themselves in responding to their
own problems

PAR
►In PAR, there is an outside
researcher, a professional one who
through immersion and
integration on the community
becomes a committed participant and
learner in the community

PRE-ENTRY PHASE
(School)
1. Formulation of institutional
goals, objectives, and targets
of the program.
2. Revision of curriculum
3. Train HRDP Staff and Faculty
members in CO-PAR
4. Coordinate participation of
other departments within the
institution.

PRE-ENTRY PHASE
(Community)
• Community consultations/dialogues
• Setting of issues/considerations
related to site selection
• Development of criteria for site
selection
• Preliminary Social Investigation
(PSI)
• Networking with LGUs, NGOs, and
other departments within the HRDP-
NGO

ENTRY PHASE
 Integration with the community
 Sensitization of the community/Information
campaigns
 Continuing social investigation
 Core Group formation
- Development of criteria for selection
- Defining roles/functions/tasks of the CG

ENTRY PHASE
 Coordination/Dialogue/Consultation with
other community organizations
 Self-Awareness and Leadership Training
(SALT)/Action Planning

COMMUNITY STUDY/DIAGNOSIS
PHASE (Research Phase)
 Selection of the research team
 Training on data collection
methods and
techniques/Capability-building
(includes development of data
collection tools)
 Planning for the actual
gathering of data

 Data gathering
 Training on data validation
(includes tabulation and
preliminary analysis of data)
 Community validation
 Presentation of the community
study/diagnosis and
recommendations

 Prioritizations of community
needs/problems for action.

COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION AND
CAPABILITY-BUILDING PHASE
 Community meetings to draw up
guidelines for the organization of the
CHO
 Election of officers
 Development of management
systems and procedures including
delineation of the roles, functions,
and tasks of officers and members of
the CHO

 Team building/Action-Reflection-
Action (ARA)
 Working out legal requirements
for the establishment of CHO
 Organization of working
committees/task groups
(education and training,
membership of committees)

 Training of the CHO
Officers/Community leaders

COMMUNITY ACTION
PHASE
• Organization and training of CHWs
- Development of criteria for the
selection of CHWs
- Selection of CHWs
- Training of CHWs
• Setting up of linkages/network referral
systems

COMMUNITY ACTION
PHASE
• Plan for health services/intervention
schemes and community development
projects
• Initial identification and implementation of
resource mobilization schemes

SUSTENANCE AND STRENGTHENING
SCHEME
 Formulation and ratification of
constitution and by-laws
 Identification and development of
secondary leaders
 Setting-up and institutionalization of
financing scheme for community
health program/activities

SCHEME
 Formalizing and institutionalization of
linkages, networks and referral
systems
 Development and implementation of
viable management systems and
procedures, committees, continuing
education/training of leaders, CHWs,
community residents

SCHEME
 Continuing education and upgrading
of community leaders, CHWs, and
CHO members
 Development of medium/long-term
community health and development
plans

The HRDP aims to develop the FACULTY
MEMBERS, STAFF and STUDENTS so
that they in turn can train the
community residents to be self-reliant
in their health concerns.
“Community Health Development with
the people, for the people, and by
the people.”
The concept of CO-PAR is included in the
CHN course and the process is applied
during the Related Learning Experiences
of students.

TRAINED C.I.’s AND STUDENTS on the
implementation of PHC through CO-PAR
Utilization of the CO-PAR Process
to empower people to
realize the objective
of PHC
SELF-RELIANT COMMUNITY PEOPLE

CO-PAR : An Overview

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