This document provides information about cookies including:
- Cookies were invented by Netscape to create online shopping carts that could persist between browser sessions.
- Cookies are small pieces of data stored in text files on a user's device by websites visited by the user.
- Cookies can store information like login details, preferences, and shopping cart contents to enhance user experience on websites.
- The document discusses how cookies work, where they are stored, how to enable them, and different types of cookies like session and persistent cookies.
The document discusses queues, which implement the FIFO (first-in, first-out) policy. It describes the queue ADT interface with functions like enqueue(), dequeue(), and getFront(). It provides examples of using a queue and implementing queues using linked lists or arrays. Circular arrays are described as another implementation where the front and back pointers wrap around the end of the array. Checks for empty and full states are also covered.
Queue is an abstract data structure, somewhat similar to Stacks. Unlike stacks, a queue is open at both its ends. One end is always used to insert data (enqueue) and the other is used to remove data (dequeue). Queue follows First-In-First-Out methodology, i.e., the data item stored first will be accessed first.
The document discusses implementation of stacks. It describes stacks as linear data structures that follow LIFO principles. Key stack operations like push and pop are outlined. Stacks are often implemented using arrays or linked lists. Examples of stack applications include recursion handling, expression evaluation, parenthesis checking, and backtracking problems. Conversion from infix to postfix notation using a stack is also demonstrated.
A stack is a linear data structure that follows the last-in, first-out (LIFO) principle. Elements are inserted and removed from one end called the top. The basic operations are push, which inserts an element at the top, and pop, which removes the top element. Stacks have many real-world applications like piles of books and evaluating mathematical expressions. An array can be used to implement a stack by storing elements from index 0 to the top index, and incrementing or decrementing the top index during push and pop operations.
The document provides an overview of Cisco ACI programmability including:
- API driven design for inventory, discovery, fabric bring up, and other functions.
- The ACI object model which contains a modeled representation of applications, networks, services, and other entities organized in a hierarchical tree structure.
- The REST API which allows standard CRUD operations on managed objects using XML or JSON payloads.
- The Cobra SDK which provides a Python library for programmatically interacting with ACI objects and committing configurations via the REST API.
This document describes an implementation of a stack using an array in C. It includes functions to push elements onto the stack, pop elements off the stack, and display the elements currently in the stack. The main module contains a menu that allows the user to choose these stack operations and includes error handling for invalid inputs or overflow/underflow of the stack.
Find operation and smart union algorithmPriyaKarnan3
A union-find algorithm performs two operations: find, which determines which subset an element belongs to, and union, which joins two subsets into a single subset. It can be used to check if an undirected graph contains cycles. A disjoint-set data structure stores a partition of a set into disjoint subsets and provides operations for adding new sets, merging sets, and finding representatives, allowing it to efficiently determine if elements are in the same or different sets. The structures are optimized using techniques like union by rank, where the shorter tree is always attached to the root of the taller tree.
The document discusses B+ trees, which are self-balancing search trees used to store data in databases. It defines B+ trees, provides examples, and explains how to perform common operations like searching, insertion, and deletion on B+ trees in a way that maintains the tree's balanced structure. Key aspects are that B+ trees allow fast searching, maintain balance during operations, and improve performance over other tree structures for large databases.
The document discusses queues, which implement the FIFO (first-in, first-out) policy. It describes the queue ADT interface with functions like enqueue(), dequeue(), and getFront(). It provides examples of using a queue and implementing queues using linked lists or arrays. Circular arrays are described as another implementation where the front and back pointers wrap around the end of the array. Checks for empty and full states are also covered.
Queue is an abstract data structure, somewhat similar to Stacks. Unlike stacks, a queue is open at both its ends. One end is always used to insert data (enqueue) and the other is used to remove data (dequeue). Queue follows First-In-First-Out methodology, i.e., the data item stored first will be accessed first.
The document discusses implementation of stacks. It describes stacks as linear data structures that follow LIFO principles. Key stack operations like push and pop are outlined. Stacks are often implemented using arrays or linked lists. Examples of stack applications include recursion handling, expression evaluation, parenthesis checking, and backtracking problems. Conversion from infix to postfix notation using a stack is also demonstrated.
A stack is a linear data structure that follows the last-in, first-out (LIFO) principle. Elements are inserted and removed from one end called the top. The basic operations are push, which inserts an element at the top, and pop, which removes the top element. Stacks have many real-world applications like piles of books and evaluating mathematical expressions. An array can be used to implement a stack by storing elements from index 0 to the top index, and incrementing or decrementing the top index during push and pop operations.
The document provides an overview of Cisco ACI programmability including:
- API driven design for inventory, discovery, fabric bring up, and other functions.
- The ACI object model which contains a modeled representation of applications, networks, services, and other entities organized in a hierarchical tree structure.
- The REST API which allows standard CRUD operations on managed objects using XML or JSON payloads.
- The Cobra SDK which provides a Python library for programmatically interacting with ACI objects and committing configurations via the REST API.
This document describes an implementation of a stack using an array in C. It includes functions to push elements onto the stack, pop elements off the stack, and display the elements currently in the stack. The main module contains a menu that allows the user to choose these stack operations and includes error handling for invalid inputs or overflow/underflow of the stack.
Find operation and smart union algorithmPriyaKarnan3
A union-find algorithm performs two operations: find, which determines which subset an element belongs to, and union, which joins two subsets into a single subset. It can be used to check if an undirected graph contains cycles. A disjoint-set data structure stores a partition of a set into disjoint subsets and provides operations for adding new sets, merging sets, and finding representatives, allowing it to efficiently determine if elements are in the same or different sets. The structures are optimized using techniques like union by rank, where the shorter tree is always attached to the root of the taller tree.
The document discusses B+ trees, which are self-balancing search trees used to store data in databases. It defines B+ trees, provides examples, and explains how to perform common operations like searching, insertion, and deletion on B+ trees in a way that maintains the tree's balanced structure. Key aspects are that B+ trees allow fast searching, maintain balance during operations, and improve performance over other tree structures for large databases.
The document describes a doubly linked list data structure. Each node in a doubly linked list contains pointers to both the next and previous nodes, allowing traversal in either direction. Common operations on doubly linked lists include inserting and deleting nodes at the beginning, end, or anywhere in the list. Pseudocode algorithms are provided to demonstrate how to implement these operations by updating the pointer references between nodes.
An array is a data structure that stores fixed number of items of the same type. It allows fast access of elements using indices. Basic array operations include traversing elements, inserting/deleting elements, searching for elements, and updating elements. Arrays are zero-indexed and elements are accessed via their index.
The document discusses binary search, an efficient algorithm for finding a target value within a sorted collection. It works by repeatedly dividing the search space in half and focusing on only one subdivision, based on whether the target value is less than or greater than the middle element. This reduces the number of iterations needed. The key steps are to calculate the middle element, compare it to the target, and either search the left or right half accordingly. Binary search provides significant performance gains over linear search for large sorted datasets.
The document discusses SQL operators including arithmetic, comparison, and logical operators. It provides examples of each type of operator including AND, OR, NOT, LIKE, BETWEEN, IN, EXISTS, ALL, and ANY. It also gives the basic syntax of the CREATE DATABASE statement in SQL to create a new database called testDB.
This document summarizes key concepts about file input/output in C++. It discusses what files are, how they are named and opened, and the process of reading from and writing to files. Specific functions and operators covered include open(), close(), << to write data, and >> to read data. It also discusses checking for open errors, formatting output, and detecting the end of a file. Program examples demonstrate how to open, read from, write to, and close files using C++.
This document presents selection sort, an in-place comparison sorting algorithm. It works by dividing the list into a sorted part on the left and unsorted part on the right. It iterates through the list, finding the smallest element in the unsorted section and swapping it into place. This process continues until the list is fully sorted. Selection sort has a time complexity of O(n^2) in all cases. While it requires no extra storage, it is inefficient for large lists compared to other algorithms.
A stack is a data structure where items can only be inserted and removed from one end. The last item inserted is the first item removed (LIFO). Common examples include stacks of books, plates, or bank transactions. Key stack operations are push to insert, pop to remove, and functions to check if the stack is empty or full. Stacks can be used to implement operations like reversing a string, converting infix to postfix notation, and evaluating arithmetic expressions.
This document discusses JSON array indexes in MySQL. It explains that MySQL 8.0.17 introduced the ability to index the contents of JSON arrays using a multi-valued index. This allows for faster lookups of values in JSON arrays using functions like JSON_CONTAINS. It provides examples of creating a multi-valued index on a JSON array column and using the index to find rows where a value is a member of the array. It also demonstrates some limitations, such as not allowing JSON null values in indexed arrays.
The MySQLi Extension (MySQL Improved) is a relational database driver used in the PHP programming language to provide an interface with MySQL databases. There are three main API options when considering connecting to a MySQL database server: PHP's MySQL Extension. PHP's MySQLi Extension. PHP Data Objects (PDO)
This document discusses different types of SQL functions including string, numeric, conversion, group, date/time, and user-defined functions. It provides examples of common string functions like UPPER, LENGTH, SUBSTR. Numeric functions covered include ABS, ROUND, POWER. Group functions include AVG, COUNT, MAX, MIN, SUM. Date functions allow conversion and calculation involving dates. The document demonstrates how to create scalar and table-valued user-defined functions in SQL.
The document discusses the disjoint set abstract data type (ADT). It can be used to represent equivalence relations and solve the dynamic equivalence problem. There are three main representations - array, linked list, and tree. The tree representation can be improved using two heuristics: smart union algorithm (e.g. union-by-rank) and path compression. Together these optimizations allow the disjoint set operations to run in near-linear time with respect to the total number of operations.
The document provides information about the Data Structures CS-203 course, including textbooks, topics covered like recursion, stacks, queues, lists, trees, sorting, searching and graphs. It will be graded based on quizzes, assignments, mid-term, final and project. An introduction to data structures and abstract data types is given, defining them and describing common linear and non-linear structures like arrays, linked lists, trees, queues and stacks. The relationship between abstract data types and data structures is also explained.
The document discusses applying a stack to evaluate arithmetic expressions. It provides examples of converting infix expressions to prefix expressions by reversing the order of operations and operands and pushing them onto a stack. It also gives examples of stack operations like push, pop, and arithmetic operations between popped elements to evaluate postfix expressions.
Circular queues are a type of queue where the first index follows the last index in a circular fashion. This allows for more efficient use of memory compared to standard queues by reusing spaces that would otherwise be left empty after deletion. The document provides an example C program for implementing a circular queue using an array, including contents on what a circular queue is, why they are useful, and sample code.
A threaded binary tree is a variant of a binary tree that stores in-order predecessor and successor pointers instead of null pointers to facilitate faster traversal without recursion or an auxiliary stack. There are two types: single-threaded stores successor pointers only, and double-threaded stores both predecessor and successor pointers. This decreases wasted space from null pointers but makes insertion and deletion more complex. Advantages include optimal memory usage and faster traversal, while disadvantages include more complex insertion/deletion and slightly more memory usage for thread indicators.
This document provides an overview of JavaScript arrays, including:
- Declaring and initializing different types of arrays such as associative arrays and indexed arrays
- Common array methods like push(), pop(), splice(), and slice()
- Array attributes including length, indexOf, and typeOf
- Techniques for adding, removing, and modifying array elements
This document discusses connecting Python to databases. It outlines 4 steps: 1) importing database modules, 2) establishing a connection, 3) creating a cursor object, and 4) executing SQL queries. It provides code examples for connecting to MySQL and PostgreSQL databases, creating a cursor, and fetching data using methods like fetchall(), fetchmany(), and fetchone(). The document is an introduction to connecting Python applications to various database servers.
This document discusses cookies in PHP. It explains that persistent cookies are stored as files on the user's computer and remain even after the browser is closed. It provides the syntax for setting cookies using setcookie() and setrawcookie(), and explains that setrawcookie() does not encode the cookie value. It also discusses how to set persistent cookies by setting an expiration date, and how to delete cookies by setting the expiration date to the past. Finally, it presents an assignment to create a login panel that uses cookies to keep the user logged in even after closing the browser.
Internet Cookies presentation contains-
What is internet cookies?
Who can see this cookies?
How does it look like?
History
Types
Uses
Limitations
Disadvantages
The document describes a doubly linked list data structure. Each node in a doubly linked list contains pointers to both the next and previous nodes, allowing traversal in either direction. Common operations on doubly linked lists include inserting and deleting nodes at the beginning, end, or anywhere in the list. Pseudocode algorithms are provided to demonstrate how to implement these operations by updating the pointer references between nodes.
An array is a data structure that stores fixed number of items of the same type. It allows fast access of elements using indices. Basic array operations include traversing elements, inserting/deleting elements, searching for elements, and updating elements. Arrays are zero-indexed and elements are accessed via their index.
The document discusses binary search, an efficient algorithm for finding a target value within a sorted collection. It works by repeatedly dividing the search space in half and focusing on only one subdivision, based on whether the target value is less than or greater than the middle element. This reduces the number of iterations needed. The key steps are to calculate the middle element, compare it to the target, and either search the left or right half accordingly. Binary search provides significant performance gains over linear search for large sorted datasets.
The document discusses SQL operators including arithmetic, comparison, and logical operators. It provides examples of each type of operator including AND, OR, NOT, LIKE, BETWEEN, IN, EXISTS, ALL, and ANY. It also gives the basic syntax of the CREATE DATABASE statement in SQL to create a new database called testDB.
This document summarizes key concepts about file input/output in C++. It discusses what files are, how they are named and opened, and the process of reading from and writing to files. Specific functions and operators covered include open(), close(), << to write data, and >> to read data. It also discusses checking for open errors, formatting output, and detecting the end of a file. Program examples demonstrate how to open, read from, write to, and close files using C++.
This document presents selection sort, an in-place comparison sorting algorithm. It works by dividing the list into a sorted part on the left and unsorted part on the right. It iterates through the list, finding the smallest element in the unsorted section and swapping it into place. This process continues until the list is fully sorted. Selection sort has a time complexity of O(n^2) in all cases. While it requires no extra storage, it is inefficient for large lists compared to other algorithms.
A stack is a data structure where items can only be inserted and removed from one end. The last item inserted is the first item removed (LIFO). Common examples include stacks of books, plates, or bank transactions. Key stack operations are push to insert, pop to remove, and functions to check if the stack is empty or full. Stacks can be used to implement operations like reversing a string, converting infix to postfix notation, and evaluating arithmetic expressions.
This document discusses JSON array indexes in MySQL. It explains that MySQL 8.0.17 introduced the ability to index the contents of JSON arrays using a multi-valued index. This allows for faster lookups of values in JSON arrays using functions like JSON_CONTAINS. It provides examples of creating a multi-valued index on a JSON array column and using the index to find rows where a value is a member of the array. It also demonstrates some limitations, such as not allowing JSON null values in indexed arrays.
The MySQLi Extension (MySQL Improved) is a relational database driver used in the PHP programming language to provide an interface with MySQL databases. There are three main API options when considering connecting to a MySQL database server: PHP's MySQL Extension. PHP's MySQLi Extension. PHP Data Objects (PDO)
This document discusses different types of SQL functions including string, numeric, conversion, group, date/time, and user-defined functions. It provides examples of common string functions like UPPER, LENGTH, SUBSTR. Numeric functions covered include ABS, ROUND, POWER. Group functions include AVG, COUNT, MAX, MIN, SUM. Date functions allow conversion and calculation involving dates. The document demonstrates how to create scalar and table-valued user-defined functions in SQL.
The document discusses the disjoint set abstract data type (ADT). It can be used to represent equivalence relations and solve the dynamic equivalence problem. There are three main representations - array, linked list, and tree. The tree representation can be improved using two heuristics: smart union algorithm (e.g. union-by-rank) and path compression. Together these optimizations allow the disjoint set operations to run in near-linear time with respect to the total number of operations.
The document provides information about the Data Structures CS-203 course, including textbooks, topics covered like recursion, stacks, queues, lists, trees, sorting, searching and graphs. It will be graded based on quizzes, assignments, mid-term, final and project. An introduction to data structures and abstract data types is given, defining them and describing common linear and non-linear structures like arrays, linked lists, trees, queues and stacks. The relationship between abstract data types and data structures is also explained.
The document discusses applying a stack to evaluate arithmetic expressions. It provides examples of converting infix expressions to prefix expressions by reversing the order of operations and operands and pushing them onto a stack. It also gives examples of stack operations like push, pop, and arithmetic operations between popped elements to evaluate postfix expressions.
Circular queues are a type of queue where the first index follows the last index in a circular fashion. This allows for more efficient use of memory compared to standard queues by reusing spaces that would otherwise be left empty after deletion. The document provides an example C program for implementing a circular queue using an array, including contents on what a circular queue is, why they are useful, and sample code.
A threaded binary tree is a variant of a binary tree that stores in-order predecessor and successor pointers instead of null pointers to facilitate faster traversal without recursion or an auxiliary stack. There are two types: single-threaded stores successor pointers only, and double-threaded stores both predecessor and successor pointers. This decreases wasted space from null pointers but makes insertion and deletion more complex. Advantages include optimal memory usage and faster traversal, while disadvantages include more complex insertion/deletion and slightly more memory usage for thread indicators.
This document provides an overview of JavaScript arrays, including:
- Declaring and initializing different types of arrays such as associative arrays and indexed arrays
- Common array methods like push(), pop(), splice(), and slice()
- Array attributes including length, indexOf, and typeOf
- Techniques for adding, removing, and modifying array elements
This document discusses connecting Python to databases. It outlines 4 steps: 1) importing database modules, 2) establishing a connection, 3) creating a cursor object, and 4) executing SQL queries. It provides code examples for connecting to MySQL and PostgreSQL databases, creating a cursor, and fetching data using methods like fetchall(), fetchmany(), and fetchone(). The document is an introduction to connecting Python applications to various database servers.
This document discusses cookies in PHP. It explains that persistent cookies are stored as files on the user's computer and remain even after the browser is closed. It provides the syntax for setting cookies using setcookie() and setrawcookie(), and explains that setrawcookie() does not encode the cookie value. It also discusses how to set persistent cookies by setting an expiration date, and how to delete cookies by setting the expiration date to the past. Finally, it presents an assignment to create a login panel that uses cookies to keep the user logged in even after closing the browser.
Internet Cookies presentation contains-
What is internet cookies?
Who can see this cookies?
How does it look like?
History
Types
Uses
Limitations
Disadvantages
This PPT is meant to let the reader know what a cookie is. It is aimed at increasing the reader’s knowledge regarding the use of cookies, their types, along with the general rules that govern their usage.
What is digital marketing by prof. (Dr.) Gaurav SoodGaurav Sood
Amity School of Business provides information on digital marketing and cookies. It discusses how the average internet user now spends over 6 hours online per day and how mobile accounts for half of internet usage. It then provides definitions and explanations of what cookies are, what they do, and how to manage them, including different types of cookies. The document also gives a brief history of online advertising and discusses the Interactive Advertising Bureau and components of the digital marketing ecosystem.
BugRaptors perform Cookie testing to ensure the security of the website and application to be tested. Cookies are small information stored in text file on user’s hard drive by web server. BugRaptors perform cookie manipulation using various techniques.
This document provides information about handling cookies in Java web applications. It discusses sending cookies to clients, receiving incoming cookies, differentiating between session and persistent cookies, specifying cookie attributes, and simplifying cookie usage with utility classes. Example code is provided to demonstrate common cookie-related tasks like detecting first-time visitors, modifying cookie values, and remembering user preferences using cookies.
The document discusses maintaining state in PHP applications using sessions and cookies. It begins by explaining that PHP is stateless by default, but applications usually need to maintain state between page requests. It then discusses how cookies work and how they are used to maintain state in PHP through sessions. The document provides examples of how to set, read, and delete cookies in PHP code. It also covers some best practices and potential issues with cookies.
Cookies allow websites to store and retrieve information on the client side. They are useful for maintaining state, such as keeping users logged in or tracking shopping cart items. Cookies are set using the setcookie() function and accessed via the $_COOKIE superglobal array. Key points are to set cookies before any output, specify an expiration time/domain appropriately, and check for cookies on subsequent pages to verify authentication or retrieve stored information.
Cookies are small text files created by web servers that are stored in web browsers. They allow servers to maintain state between HTTP requests from a browser. There are two types of cookies - permanent/persistent cookies that are stored on a user's computer and not deleted when the browser closes, and session/transient cookies that are stored in memory only during a user's browsing session and deleted when the browser closes. Cookies are commonly used to track website activity, for online shopping carts, and to provide personalized web pages. They work by the server adding a cookie to the response which gets stored in the browser cache, and the browser then sends that cookie back with subsequent requests so the server can recognize the user.
This document provides an overview of how personal data is tracked online through third party cookies and discusses some options for protecting privacy. It begins with an introduction of the presenter and their company, SecureState. It then explains how advertising companies use third party cookies to track browsing habits across many websites to display targeted ads. The document reviews some browser configuration and add-on options for blocking cookies and tracking, as well as opt-out services that can remove your information from certain advertiser databases. It concludes by emphasizing the need to understand one's own risk tolerance and the limitations of privacy protections.
Firefox is a customizable and adaptable web browser that is easy for novices to use but also powerful enough for experts. It has maintained a large market share despite competition from Chrome and Internet Explorer/Edge. Firefox prioritizes speed and a smooth, modern interface. Cookies store website preferences and settings to customize a user's experience when returning to a site. Firefox allows configuring cookie blocking and clearing the cache to improve privacy and performance.
Das Cookie Prinzip der Browser ist relative einfach zu begreifen, doch die Umsetzung in APEX kann für den APEX Einsteiger eine Herausforderung sein. In dieser Präsentation wird neben dem Basiskonzept die sinnvolle Benutzung in APEX, die Risiken und Vorteile von Cookies in APEX Webapplikationen besprochen und an einem praktischen Beispiel erläutert.
What Is Evercookie and Why You Should Avoid It for Privacy’s SakePiwik PRO
Browser cookies are nothing new in the digital world. In fact, they’re omnipresent, but nevertheless we can get more than a bit confused when discussing Evercookie, super cookies or cookie forever, persistent cookies, and so on
Cookies: HTTP state management mechanismJivan Nepali
The document discusses cookies, which are small pieces of information sent from a web server and stored in a user's web browser. Cookies allow state to be maintained across HTTP requests. The document outlines that cookies have privacy and security considerations and provides guidelines for cookie authentication. It defines session and persistent cookies and describes how cookies work by explaining the interaction between a user's browser and a website server.
cookie is a small amount of data generated by a website and saved by your web browser. Its purpose is to remember information about you, similar to a preference file created by a software application.
The ultimate guide to mining bitcoin with cryptotabSaid Dhaouadi
CryptoTab Browser is a free browser that allows users to mine bitcoin by browsing the web. It uses the computer's unused resources to mine cryptocurrency in the background without interfering with regular browsing. Users can sign in with their Google or social media account to access their mining stats and earnings across devices. The browser aims to make web browsing a way to earn bitcoin without additional software.
Cookies are used to maintain state in HTTP, which is a stateless protocol. Cookies are small pieces of data stored in a user's browser by a website. They help identify users and customize web pages for that user. There are different types of cookies like session cookies, persistent cookies, and third-party cookies. Cookies can store information to remember items in a shopping cart, login credentials, and browsing preferences. However, cookies also present security and privacy risks if not properly implemented.
Ch4(saving state with cookies and query strings)Chhom Karath
The document discusses two methods for saving state across web pages: cookies and session functions. Cookies allow servers to store small amounts of data on a user's computer to remember information across visits. Session functions store data on the server-side in temporary files associated with a session ID. This allows storing larger amounts of data and sharing data across multiple pages during a user's session. The document provides examples of setting, accessing, and destroying both cookies and session data.
cookie is a small amount of data generated by a website and saved by your web browser. Its purpose is to remember information about you, similar to a preference file created by a software application.
This document discusses error reporting in PHP. It defines an error as a type of mistake, such as an incorrect program state. There are three main categories of errors in PHP: informational errors, actionable errors, and fatal errors. The document also discusses how to enable errors, set the error reporting level, suppress errors, create custom error handlers, and trigger errors programmatically.
AJAX is a technique for building fast, dynamic web applications by exchanging small amounts of data with the server behind the scenes without reloading the entire web page. It uses a combination of technologies including JavaScript, XML, HTML and CSS to retrieve data from the server asynchronously in the background without interfering with the display and behavior of the existing page. The XMLHttpRequest object plays a key role by providing a way for JavaScript to make HTTP requests directly to a web server, enabling asynchronous data retrieval and manipulation of page elements without reloading.
This document discusses using the FPDF library to generate PDF documents from PHP. It introduces FPDF and explains why it is used, how to include it in PHP scripts, and how to generate basic PDFs with features like adding pages, setting fonts, adding text and images. It provides documentation on many FPDF methods for creating, styling and organizing PDF content.
This document discusses interfaces and abstract classes in PHP. Interfaces define a contract that classes can implement, requiring them to contain the declared methods but not defining method bodies. Abstract classes can contain method bodies but require subclasses to override any abstract methods. The document provides examples of an interface for a database driver, an abstract report generator class, and a MySQL driver class that implements the interface and extends the abstract class.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts in PHP, including classes, objects, properties, methods, inheritance, and magic methods. It defines classes as blueprints that define an object's structure and relationships, while objects are instances built from those blueprints. Properties and methods are used to store data and perform actions within classes. Inheritance allows one class to inherit properties and methods from another. Magic methods like __construct() and __destruct() are automatically called during object instantiation and destruction. Later sections demonstrate class inheritance, overwriting inherited properties and methods, and using multiple class instances.
This document provides information about files and the file system in PHP. It defines what a file is, explains common file types, and discusses magic constants and functions for working with files. It also covers opening, reading, writing, moving, and deleting files as well as functions for working with directories. Key functions discussed include fopen(), fread(), fwrite(), filesize(), unlink(), and file_put_contents().
This document discusses various PHP functions for manipulating dates and times - getdate(), strtotime(), and date().
Getdate() returns an associative array of date/time values for a given timestamp. Strtotime() parses an English textual datetime into a Unix timestamp. Date() formats a timestamp based on a format string, with different format specifiers for dates, times, years, months, and more. Examples are provided for using these functions.
This document discusses various concepts related to time manipulation in PHP, including timestamps, date functions, and time functions. It provides definitions and examples of timestamps, Unix timestamps, UTC, GMT, epochs, and functions like mktime(), date(), and time(). It explains how timestamps work as the number of seconds since January 1, 1970 UTC and how functions like mktime() and date() can be used to generate and format timestamps to work with dates and times. It also discusses potential issues with Unix timestamps and the year 2038 problem. Assignments involving tracking time on pages and displaying text up to a selected time are provided at the end.
Mysql is a popular open-source database management system. PHP usually works with Mysql for web-based database applications. LAMP applications are web-based applications that use Linux, Apache, Mysql, and PHP/Perl/Python. To connect a PHP application to a Mysql database, the PHP code connects to the server, selects a database, executes SQL statements to query or manipulate the data, and closes the connection. Common SQL statements in PHP/Mysql applications include creating databases and tables, selecting, inserting, updating, and deleting data.
A user interface is a link between a user and a computer that allows them to communicate. There are two main types of user interfaces: command driven and graphical user interfaces (GUI). Command driven interfaces are text-based and require the user to type commands, while GUIs use graphical elements like icons and menus to provide a more intuitive interface. While command driven interfaces are faster and use less resources, GUIs are generally easier to use and more visually appealing.
The SELECT statement is used to retrieve data from one or more tables. It allows you to select specific columns, rows, and expressions. The general syntax includes keywords like SELECT, FROM, WHERE, and clauses for filtering, sorting, grouping, and joining results. Examples demonstrate how to select all data, particular rows and columns, use aliases, DISTINCT, comparison operators, patterns, ranges, and handle NULL values.
SQL is a non-procedural language used to create and manipulate relational databases. It allows users to define database schemas through DDL commands like CREATE and ALTER, manipulate data through DML commands like INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE, and provide security through DCL commands. Key SQL concepts covered include data types, constraints, creating and modifying tables, and performing CRUD operations.
The document discusses different types of joins in MySQL including inner joins, outer joins, cross joins, equi joins, natural joins, and self joins. Inner joins return rows that match between two tables, while outer joins return all rows from one or both tables even if they don't match. Cross joins perform a Cartesian product between tables, equi joins combine tables based on common columns, and natural joins compare columns with the same name. Self joins allow retrieving related records from a single table that references itself.
This document provides an introduction to databases and MySQL. It discusses what databases are, why they are used, and some common database management systems. It then demonstrates how to connect to a MySQL database, issue basic queries, create and describe a sample table, and delete a table. The key aspects covered are connecting to MySQL, executing basic queries, creating a database and table, and verifying the table structure.
This document provides step-by-step instructions for installing MySQL 5.1 Community Server on a Windows machine. It details downloading the MSI installer from the MySQL website, running the installer, selecting installation options such as the typical installation and installing MySQL as a Windows service, and setting the root password. The summary describes the key steps in the installation process for MySQL on Windows.
An entity-relationship diagram (ERD) is a graphical representation that depicts the entities and relationships within an information system. An ERD shows a database's entities and the relationships between entities in a symbolic, visual way. It documents a project, clarifies features, and provides a basis for development options. Key components of an ERD include entities, relationships, attributes, and cardinality. The steps to create an ERD are to identify entities, determine interactions, analyze the nature of interactions, and draw the diagram. A good ERD model is simple, non-redundant, and flexible to adapt to future needs.
The document discusses database normalization. It begins by explaining the first normal form (1NF), which requires data to be atomic and for each row to have a unique primary key. An example employee database is provided, and steps are taken to transform it into 1NF by creating individual rows for each employee. The document then covers the second normal form (2NF), which requires the database to be in 1NF and for non-key attributes to depend on the whole primary key. To achieve 2NF, repeating groups like city and state are extracted into separate tables. Finally, the third normal form (3NF) is discussed, requiring attributes to depend transitively on the primary key. An order database is used as an example, and
Aggregate functions summarize data from multiple rows into a single value. They operate on a single column and return a single value. Common aggregate functions include SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX, and COUNT. SUM returns the sum of numeric column values. AVG returns the average of numeric column values. MIN and MAX return the minimum and maximum values in a column. COUNT returns the number of rows.
Form validation with built in functions Mudasir Syed
This document discusses form validation using built-in PHP functions. It covers metacharacters used for validation like \w, \W, \d, and \D. The main function discussed is filter_var(), which filters variables with specified filters. Examples are given of using filter_var() to validate integers, integers within a range, strings with regular expressions, and email addresses.
This document discusses server-side form validation in PHP. It covers checking for empty fields, field lengths, value ranges, and formats using regular expressions. Specific PHP functions discussed include preg_match() for pattern matching, preg_replace() for search and replace, and ereg() as an alternative to preg_match() for POSIX regular expressions. Examples are provided to validate dates, names, numbers, lengths, and ranges to restrict user-submitted form data to required standards before processing.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.