Conference paper presented at #4s2017 in Boston, Massachusetts.
Introduction;
During the last years we have witnessed how conversational interfaces have popped up in the digital landscape due to the great advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Speech Recognition (SR). That has made possible that chatbots and virtual assistants became common in different platforms and devices. This emergence has been also coined as “conversation-as-a-platform” stressing the radical change that means to communicate with machines throughout the human voice in terms of user experience (UX). This emphasis in outlining a new version of the Web is not new as it was also something previously stressed in past techno-market paradigms like “Web 2.0” but it also reflects the need of political reflection about the introduction of emergent and pervasive technologies in our society. The development of these chatting agents mirrors the concentration of AI resources around a bunch of companies that lead the so-called “platform economy”.
Algorithmic Culture & Maker Culture; Breaches and Bridges in the Platform Eco...Raúl Tabarés Gutiérrez
During last year’s different platforms have emerged on the Internet and have become common in our everyday living. These new digital companies have succeed in positioning themselves as cultural intermediaries in a growing trend towards the digitization of society favoured by the irruption of different technologies, new forms of value-creating human activities and the decentralization effect that Internet culture helps to create.
In this sense, the growing importance of digital ecosystems in human processes & decisions has nurtured an algorithmic culture that symbolizes our current declining of autonomy in the social sphere. This disruption in the cultural landscape has been supported by the introduction of different “black-boxes” that impede to ascertain what the inner workings of these new socio-technological brokers are.
On the contrary, we can observe how different grassroots initiatives that promote technological appropriation and digital empowerment like the Maker Movement are also becoming globally recognized and institutionally supported. These movements rely on Free Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) and Hardware for opening black-boxes and promoting critical thinking about technology in citizenship.
In this contribution we would like to explore the several convergences and divergences that are present in these two different cultures to shed some light in the complicated new techno-realities that have risen. Finally, we conclude with a set of several key guidelines that can help to policy-makers to promote new updated legislations.
Here is the full reference:
Calzada, I. & Cobo, C. (2015), Unplugging: Deconstructing the Smart City, Journal of Urban Technology. DOI: 10.1080/10630732.2014.971535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2014.971535
This is an Author's Original Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in the JOURNAL OF URBAN TECHNOLOGY on March 16, 2015, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10630732.2014.971535#abstract
DOI: 10.1080/10630732.2014.971535
This version will be shared on author’s personal website ONLY.
This article may not exactly replicate the final version published in this journal.
It is not the copy of record.
RPA - The new era of robotics and beyondRaymond Koh
To understand robotics, let us take a brief look back at the beginnings and the progress made over
the past 60 years (see diagram, “Robotics timeline”).
Algorithmic Culture & Maker Culture; Breaches and Bridges in the Platform Eco...Raúl Tabarés Gutiérrez
During last year’s different platforms have emerged on the Internet and have become common in our everyday living. These new digital companies have succeed in positioning themselves as cultural intermediaries in a growing trend towards the digitization of society favoured by the irruption of different technologies, new forms of value-creating human activities and the decentralization effect that Internet culture helps to create.
In this sense, the growing importance of digital ecosystems in human processes & decisions has nurtured an algorithmic culture that symbolizes our current declining of autonomy in the social sphere. This disruption in the cultural landscape has been supported by the introduction of different “black-boxes” that impede to ascertain what the inner workings of these new socio-technological brokers are.
On the contrary, we can observe how different grassroots initiatives that promote technological appropriation and digital empowerment like the Maker Movement are also becoming globally recognized and institutionally supported. These movements rely on Free Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) and Hardware for opening black-boxes and promoting critical thinking about technology in citizenship.
In this contribution we would like to explore the several convergences and divergences that are present in these two different cultures to shed some light in the complicated new techno-realities that have risen. Finally, we conclude with a set of several key guidelines that can help to policy-makers to promote new updated legislations.
Here is the full reference:
Calzada, I. & Cobo, C. (2015), Unplugging: Deconstructing the Smart City, Journal of Urban Technology. DOI: 10.1080/10630732.2014.971535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2014.971535
This is an Author's Original Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in the JOURNAL OF URBAN TECHNOLOGY on March 16, 2015, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10630732.2014.971535#abstract
DOI: 10.1080/10630732.2014.971535
This version will be shared on author’s personal website ONLY.
This article may not exactly replicate the final version published in this journal.
It is not the copy of record.
RPA - The new era of robotics and beyondRaymond Koh
To understand robotics, let us take a brief look back at the beginnings and the progress made over
the past 60 years (see diagram, “Robotics timeline”).
The working world is in a complete transformation. The processing factors are known. And the digital is a part of the problems :
- digital technologies transform the nature of any jobs that humans still do : jobs use computer more often, they are more abstract, and more mobile.
- Relationships and time are porous, and this porosity is all consuming.
- and recent studies have shown that robotics and smart systems will continue to destroy creative, service-related and skilled occupations.
Why are the transitions not easy ? This document presents 3 alternative models for work and employment organisation, work distribution and redistribution.
Networks, swarms and policy: what collective intelligence means for policy ma...Alberto Cottica
Policy makers are taking up network thinking; citizens are self-organizing in smart swarms displaying collectivley intelligent behaviour. I address the implications of these phenomena for policy making, and look at some tools being built by a project called CATALYST that might help both citizens and policy makers.
The Collaborative Economy is always depicted as a revolution coming from an increasing role of communities and collaboration: in reality, growing technology enablers give individuals totally new possibilities and potential and therefore the collaborative shift should be seen from this alternative, key point of view, that of leveraging the potential of ones, multiplied by platforms and collaborative processes.
In this process, modern capitalism encompasses the whole of te self in a natural evolution that was predicted by Karl Marx already. It's just cognitive capitalism and it's just starting.
The big question is: will this post-industrial capitalism evolve into... post-capitalism?
Context: https://medium.com/@meedabyte/that-s-cognitive-capitalism-baby-ee82d1966c72
[This presentation was originally given for a private event targeting banking and insurance providers]
Stephen graham mike crang sentient cities copyStephen Graham
An exploration of what 'ubiquitous computing' or 'ambient intelligence' -- the embedding of networked computing devices into rooms, buildings, streets, infrastrctures and even bodies -- means for the politics of urban life
4 Trends Shaping the Future of Social Mediaplusaziz
I worked with the Advertising Educational Foundation & Xavier University to develop a presentation for students and academics in marketing | Presentation took place on October 9th, 2014 (a day before my 31st birthday)
Public policies for productive innovation in information societySusana Finquelievich
Despite the assumption that large cities produce more innovation than smaller cities, evidence shows that innovation-friendly policies and the use of digital technology to open new pathways to innovation are more important than the city size.
Defin
ing artificial intelligence is no easy matter. Since the mid
-
20th century when it
was first
recognized
as a specific field of research, AI has always been envisioned as
an evolving boundary, rather than a settled research field. Fundamentally, it refers
to
a programme whose ambitious objective is to understand and reproduce human
cognition; creating cognitive processes comparable to those found in human beings.
Therefore, we are naturally dealing with a wide scope here, both in terms of the
technical proced
ures that can be employed and the various disciplines that can be
called upon: mathematics, information technology, cognitive sciences, etc. There is
a great variety of approaches when it comes to AI: ontological, reinforcement
learning, adversarial learni
ng and neural networks, to name just a few. Most of them
have been known for decades and many of the algorithms used today were
developed in the ’60s and ’70s.
Since the 1956 Dartmouth conference, artificial intelligence has alternated between
periods of
great enthusiasm and disillusionment, impressive progress and frustrating
failures. Yet, it has relentlessly pushed back the limits of what was only thought to
be achievable by human beings. Along the way, AI research has achieved significant
successes: o
utperforming human beings in complex games (chess, Go),
understanding natural language, etc. It has also played a critical role in the history
of mathematics and information technology. Consider how many softwares that we
now take for granted once represen
ted a major breakthrough in AI: chess game
apps, online translation programmes, etc
Voice Commerce: Understanding shopping-related voice assistants and their eff...Alex Mari
Voice Commerce (or voice shopping) is rapidly becoming a focal point in academic, business, and industry research because of its swift adoption and disruptive potential in buying dynamics. As voice assistants become better at learning consumer preferences and habits, they will increasingly influence consumer behaviors. In doing so, voice assistants may assume a central relational role in the consumer market and progressively mediate market interactions. These fast-changing market dynamics within the context of voice shopping may have a severe impact on consumer brands and retailers. Loss of brand visibility, the increased relevance of retailers’ private labels, and the growth in advertising costs are just some of the consequences anticipated by marketing and technology experts. In light of these potential dynamics, researchers are called to study the interplay between consumers, brands, and retailers’ behaviors in response to “machine behaviors”. Providing structure and guidance to researchers and marketers in order to further explore this emerging stream of research is fundamental.
The working world is in a complete transformation. The processing factors are known. And the digital is a part of the problems :
- digital technologies transform the nature of any jobs that humans still do : jobs use computer more often, they are more abstract, and more mobile.
- Relationships and time are porous, and this porosity is all consuming.
- and recent studies have shown that robotics and smart systems will continue to destroy creative, service-related and skilled occupations.
Why are the transitions not easy ? This document presents 3 alternative models for work and employment organisation, work distribution and redistribution.
Networks, swarms and policy: what collective intelligence means for policy ma...Alberto Cottica
Policy makers are taking up network thinking; citizens are self-organizing in smart swarms displaying collectivley intelligent behaviour. I address the implications of these phenomena for policy making, and look at some tools being built by a project called CATALYST that might help both citizens and policy makers.
The Collaborative Economy is always depicted as a revolution coming from an increasing role of communities and collaboration: in reality, growing technology enablers give individuals totally new possibilities and potential and therefore the collaborative shift should be seen from this alternative, key point of view, that of leveraging the potential of ones, multiplied by platforms and collaborative processes.
In this process, modern capitalism encompasses the whole of te self in a natural evolution that was predicted by Karl Marx already. It's just cognitive capitalism and it's just starting.
The big question is: will this post-industrial capitalism evolve into... post-capitalism?
Context: https://medium.com/@meedabyte/that-s-cognitive-capitalism-baby-ee82d1966c72
[This presentation was originally given for a private event targeting banking and insurance providers]
Stephen graham mike crang sentient cities copyStephen Graham
An exploration of what 'ubiquitous computing' or 'ambient intelligence' -- the embedding of networked computing devices into rooms, buildings, streets, infrastrctures and even bodies -- means for the politics of urban life
4 Trends Shaping the Future of Social Mediaplusaziz
I worked with the Advertising Educational Foundation & Xavier University to develop a presentation for students and academics in marketing | Presentation took place on October 9th, 2014 (a day before my 31st birthday)
Public policies for productive innovation in information societySusana Finquelievich
Despite the assumption that large cities produce more innovation than smaller cities, evidence shows that innovation-friendly policies and the use of digital technology to open new pathways to innovation are more important than the city size.
Defin
ing artificial intelligence is no easy matter. Since the mid
-
20th century when it
was first
recognized
as a specific field of research, AI has always been envisioned as
an evolving boundary, rather than a settled research field. Fundamentally, it refers
to
a programme whose ambitious objective is to understand and reproduce human
cognition; creating cognitive processes comparable to those found in human beings.
Therefore, we are naturally dealing with a wide scope here, both in terms of the
technical proced
ures that can be employed and the various disciplines that can be
called upon: mathematics, information technology, cognitive sciences, etc. There is
a great variety of approaches when it comes to AI: ontological, reinforcement
learning, adversarial learni
ng and neural networks, to name just a few. Most of them
have been known for decades and many of the algorithms used today were
developed in the ’60s and ’70s.
Since the 1956 Dartmouth conference, artificial intelligence has alternated between
periods of
great enthusiasm and disillusionment, impressive progress and frustrating
failures. Yet, it has relentlessly pushed back the limits of what was only thought to
be achievable by human beings. Along the way, AI research has achieved significant
successes: o
utperforming human beings in complex games (chess, Go),
understanding natural language, etc. It has also played a critical role in the history
of mathematics and information technology. Consider how many softwares that we
now take for granted once represen
ted a major breakthrough in AI: chess game
apps, online translation programmes, etc
Voice Commerce: Understanding shopping-related voice assistants and their eff...Alex Mari
Voice Commerce (or voice shopping) is rapidly becoming a focal point in academic, business, and industry research because of its swift adoption and disruptive potential in buying dynamics. As voice assistants become better at learning consumer preferences and habits, they will increasingly influence consumer behaviors. In doing so, voice assistants may assume a central relational role in the consumer market and progressively mediate market interactions. These fast-changing market dynamics within the context of voice shopping may have a severe impact on consumer brands and retailers. Loss of brand visibility, the increased relevance of retailers’ private labels, and the growth in advertising costs are just some of the consequences anticipated by marketing and technology experts. In light of these potential dynamics, researchers are called to study the interplay between consumers, brands, and retailers’ behaviors in response to “machine behaviors”. Providing structure and guidance to researchers and marketers in order to further explore this emerging stream of research is fundamental.
Extending Aural and Music Interfaces to Mobile Device Interaction Design Arch...IJERA Editor
This chapter analyzes the unique problems posed by the use of computers by producers and performers of music
as far as Human Computer Interaction (HCI) principles, methodologies and directives are concerned. In specific
it focuses on interfaces that are built on mobile devices or similar medical equipment. HCI predicates involved in
the workflow of aural interaction with computer devices are presented, starting from the abstract part of
neurotologic interaction, then coping with usability issues of the Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) implemented
for musical scripting and concluding to a synthesis stage which produces digitized sounds that improve or
supersede prototypal analog audio signals. The evaluation of HCI elements for Computer Music under the prism
of usability, including hearing or ophthalmic aids, aims at the development of new communication tools, new
symbolic languages and finally better mobile user interfaces.
This is a vision talk, looking at what is happening on the Web with large scale community interactions. It discusses ongoing efforts, Chinese Human Flesh Search Engine, and a research agenda for "Social Machines" based on these emerging challenges.
Each year, art meets technology at the South by Southwest (SXSW) Interactive Festival in Austin, Texas. Celebrating the convergence of the interactive, film, and music industries, this year's conference featured panels, seminars, parties and live music. Topics ranged from artificial intelligence and chat bots to female leadership and social purpose, revealing future trends for brands and agencies to keep in mind this upcoming year. Here are Y&R's key takeaways from SXSW 2017.
Rob van Kranenburg - Kunnen we ons een sociaal krediet systeem zoals in het o...BigDataExpo
IoT, Big Data, AI creëren een nieuwe situatie met betrekking tot het nemen van beslissingen door beleidsmakers. Toch verschuift er weinig in ons democratisch bestel, terwijl onze data in handen zijn van GAFA, China en andere nieuwe vormen van bestuur die nog ontstaan in de digitale transitie. Wij, in Europa, staan stil.
The 10 Megatrends of 2022 are the global list of topics that our experts consider will change technology, business models, and society in the medium term. These Megatrends aim to anticipate the answers to the main questions about the future and help us steer our actions and strategies.
Keynote on "Social Machines: Democratisation, Disintermediation, and Citizens at Scale" presented at the Web Science and Big Data Analytics Conference on Information Transparency and Digital Democracy, Tuesday, 25th August 2015, Jakarta Indonesia
TestingTime - Guest Article - let’s save the world—democracy, inclusion and s...Jan Groenefeld
You are probably asking yourself: “As a UX designer, can I actually change the world?” Not by yourself – but you can make a positive contribution. The prerequisite is the interdisciplinary cooperation of specialists in operational ergonomics, product designers, developers, and some others. Find out the influence of technologies on our society, how we reduce reservations thanks to human-centred design, and how we use our tools optimally in the “Digital Designer” college to obtain a relationship between human beings and technology that has real added value. Let’s go!
Opening keynote address on "Disruptive Technology and the Calling of Humanities and Social Sciences" at the 11th International Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences, at Prince of Songkla University in Hat Yai, Thailand on 2 May 2019. The conference theme is Global Digital Society: Impacts on Humanities and Social Sciences. The topic of disruptive technology and our calling could not be more suitable for someone who works on international faculty development by leading the World Association for Online Education since 1998. At the same time, the author has worked for the impact to go the other way, from the Humanities and Social Sciences to new technologies, which tend to be rudderless or even dangerous unless guided by ethics, and, in education, pedagogy. In collaboration with Prof. Gráinne Conole (National Institute for Digital Learning, Dublin City University, Ireland), the presentation includes a history of e-learning.
INTERNET AS PLAYGROUND AND FACTORY
ABSTRACT
SOFTWARE ART-WORK FOR-ITSELF
With software, not only is the programmer's work difficult to identify
(often hidden behind the interface) but the user's labour also
disappears into the operating system. In a contemporary scenario, this
is exemplified by the operations of 'social media', wherein the social
relation is produced in restrictive form, underpinned by the
socio-technical hierarchical logic of server-client relations. The
participatory work-play ethic of social media can thus be understood as
an expression of new forms of control, such that the value stolen no
longer relates simply to labour power but to subjectivity too. The
associated dislocation of social antagonism remains useful to
conceptualise the way that exploitation is 'subsumed' into the wider
social realm. Consequently, the control of social media, and the labour
related to it, are key sites of antagonism that need to be identified
for alternatives to be engaged. The presentation will refer to a number
of artist projects that draw attention to the contradictions expressed
in the complexities of production, and the continued importance of
antagonism as a mechanism for social change. The phrase
software-art-work is expressed in a deliberately ambiguous way - to
indicate the work involved in making software, the work involved in
using software, as well as the work that software does in-itself - taken
together to establish the necessity of software-art-work to operate
'for-itself'.
This paper outlines the development of a wearable game controller incorporating vibrotacticle haptic feedback that provides a low cost, versatile and intuitive interface for controlling digital games. The device differs from many traditional haptic feedback implementation in that it combines vibrotactile based haptic feedback with gesture based input, thus becoming a two way conduit between the user and the virtual environment. The device is intended to challenge what is considered an “interface” and draws on work in the area of Actor-Network theory to purposefully blur the boundary between man and machine. This allows for a more immersive experience, so rather than making the user feel like they are controlling an aircraft the intuitive interface allows the user to become the aircraft that is controlled by the movements of the user's hand. This device invites playful action and thrill. It bridges new territory on portable and low cost solutions for haptic controllers in a gaming context.
Similar to Conversational interfaces; Speaking with Irresponsible black-boxes (20)
Presentation about Open Acces, Open Science & Research 2.0 carried out in Prague for the participants in the second workshop of the SEWP Social Lab of the New HoRRIzon project.
Conferencia realizada en la Universidad Jaume I, con motivo de la presentación de resultados del proyecto Espaitec.
Más información en https://www.uji.es/com/agenda/2018/12/17/jornada-espaitec-rri/?urlRedirect=https://www.uji.es/com/agenda/2018/12/17/jornada-espaitec-rri/&url=/com/agenda/2018/12/17/jornada-espaitec-rri/
La ponencia se celebró en Castellón de la Plana el lunes 17 de Diciembre de 2018.
Presentación realizada en el workshop "REyAN" celebrado en Donostia-San Sebastián los días 28 y 29 de Junio de 2018 en el Centro Carlos Santamaría de la UPV.
Presentation delivered at the European Parliament on 5/22/2018 about the benefits of open manufacturing for SME´s and the impact of maker movement in traditional industry.
La fabricación abierta; ¿Un camino alternativo a la Industria 4.0?Raúl Tabarés Gutiérrez
Desde comienzos de la década del 2010 el concepto de “Industria 4.0” ha ganado en popularidad en el continente europeo para referirse a un tipo de factoría automatizada, digitalizada, modulable y flexible, capaz de hacer frente a las necesidades de un ecosistema productivo cada más exigente y cambiante. Pese a que el término fue acuñado inicialmente por el gobierno alemán, este vocablo ha sido ampliamente aceptado en el viejo continente, desarrollándose programas de apoyo específicos en cada país, en concordancia con la estrategia de digitalización de la industria que promueve la Comisión Europea.
Pero esta transición hacia la fábrica conectada enfrenta multitud de retos que están lejos de ser resueltos a corto plazo. Al mismo tiempo, podemos observar como una nueva cultura de fabricación está surgiendo al albor del “movimiento maker”, a través de espacios de producción emergentes como makerspaces y fab labs, los cuales producen itinerarios de desarrollo tecnológico alternativos.
En esta contribución se explora el surgimiento de la “fabricación abierta” y su papel de cara al empoderamiento de la ciudadanía a través de la tecnología, ante la necesidad de anticiparse y prever las brechas digitales que muy probablemente produzca la Industria 4.0.
Presentación realizada en la Maker Faire Bilbao 2017 para exponer los resultados de la convocatoria de PSS de OpenMaker y la semana de formación en diversos makerspaces en Shangai del proyecto OD&M.
Más información sobre estos proyectos en;
http://openmaker.eu/dsp/
http://odmplatform.eu/
La difusión y apropiación social de una serie de tecnologías de fabricación de bajo coste basadas principalmente en el diseño y código abierto unidas a un reverdecimiento del pensamiento DIY (Do It Yourself) han propiciado la popularización del “movimiento maker” a nivel mundial. La irrupción de esta nueva filosofía en la sociedad ha puesto de relevancia el papel de las habilidades y las competencias en el proceso de aprendizaje y ha vuelto a enfatizar el “aprender haciendo” como uno de los modos más exitosos para propiciar una cultura tecnológica.
Esta nueva “cultura maker” que trata de “experimentar y aprender con la tecnología” está siendo promovida por espacios como Fab Labs, Makerspaces o Media Labs pero también por eventos temáticos muy populares como Maker Faires o Hackatons, además de apoyarse y organizarse a través de comunidades de interés on-line muy influyentes. Esta popularización del fenómeno ha conllevado una creciente presencia mediática que ha llamado la atención de legisladores e instituciones varias que han provisto de su apoyo a diversas iniciativas en este sentido.
El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el surgimiento del “movimiento maker” y caracterizar los principales valores que impulsan la cultura tecnológica dentro de este fenómeno global. Analizamos las oportunidades y desafíos que plantea el fenómeno de cara a la promoción de una cultura tecnológica en la sociedad pero al mismo tiempo advertimos de los mitos que encierra y de las visiones tecno-optimistas que alberga.
-Artículo presentado en la IV Conferencia Iberoamericana de Filosofía de la Ciencia y la Tecnología en Salamanca-
The popularization of the World Wide Web and its embedding in society as a techno-social artifact has experienced a huge growth during the last years. Different kind of social media platforms have become so popular and they have paved the way for a bigger presence of multimedia and user-generated contents. But at the same time, this predominance of new elements has also introduced new challenges in the standardization processes.
That is why a new version of hypertext standard called HTML5 has been developed from 2004 to 2014 in order to meet the requirements that new applications and users have raised during the advent of Web 2.0 paradigm.
In this paper we explore the history behind this new version of HTML and we put light on the different technological trajectories and social interactions that have occurred among the stakeholders interested in its development.
We argue that HTML5 is a tipping point in the history of hypertext standardization, not only by the different innovations that it has introduced but also by the way it has conceived as a “Living Standard”. We claim that this new approach has permitted technology users to enter in early stages of normalization processes but it also has allowed introducing commercial interests as main drivers for standardization committees.
-Paper presented at EURAS 2017 Conference-
Taller realizado el 29 de Noviembre en el ed.700 del Parque Científico Tecnológico de Bizkaia. Formación en torno al sistema GTD y principios de Wing Chun para mejorar la productividad personal.
Formación realizada dentro de la iniciativa Pilulak de TECNALIA, el 5 julio de 2016 en el Edif.700 del Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia.akiaqrue .ANLIA realizada
Digital commons is a prominent element in the knowledge and digital economies. The predominance of FLOSS (Free Libre Open Source Software) in different platforms and ecosystems has paved the way for new digital business models that have stimulated new forms of value in society. HTML5 is a new digital commons that was finally concluded in 2014 (W3C, 2014) and has added significant technological capabilities to the structure of the World Wide Web towards a much-more embedded, flexible and ubiquitous techno-social platform. In this contribution we describe the making of HTML5 and we reflect about the collective and cooperative innovation processes that have made it possible. We face this analysis with some lead users of this technology (17 semi-structured interviews with 21 HTML5 experts).
El papel de la Innovación Abierta en la nueva economía del conocimientoRaúl Tabarés Gutiérrez
Presentación impartida en los talleres realizados en los municipios de Girardot y Facatativa (Colombia), dentro del proyecto del Ecosistema de Innovación TIC, para el Departamento de Cundinamarca durante los días 27 y 28 de octubre de 2015.
Ppt realizada en la Universidad de Salamanca, con motivo de la defensa de tesis titulada; "La Belleza del Código; Influencia de la Web 2.0, los medios sociales y los contenidos multimedia en el desarrollo de HTML5".
En dicha tesis se explora el caso del desarrollo de HTML5 a manos del WHATWG y cómo la innovación de usuario ha supuesto un aporte de capacidades tecnológicas y el desarrollo de un procomún digital que ha fortalecido la Web.
Presentación sobre el procomún y el procomún digital, realizada dentro del proyecto interno de la División de Estrategias de Innovación de Tecnalia; Inndurban.
Formación impartida dentro del programa Pilulak de Tecnalia. Esta ppt se orienta a escenificar los errores más comunes, que se producen en las presentaciones que realizamos, en nuestro día a día.
Taller realizado en Getxolan, dentro de la iniciativa Getxon Elkarrekin, que lideran Tecnalia y Team Academy Euskadi. En esta jornada, diversos emprendedores pudieron reflexionar en torno a la importancia de asociar valores a la marca, como argumento de venta.
This 7-second Brain Wave Ritual Attracts Money To You.!nirahealhty
Discover the power of a simple 7-second brain wave ritual that can attract wealth and abundance into your life. By tapping into specific brain frequencies, this technique helps you manifest financial success effortlessly. Ready to transform your financial future? Try this powerful ritual and start attracting money today!
1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...JeyaPerumal1
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication
The evolution of wireless technology has brought many advancements with its effective features.
The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
APNIC Foundation, presented by Ellisha Heppner at the PNG DNS Forum 2024APNIC
Ellisha Heppner, Grant Management Lead, presented an update on APNIC Foundation to the PNG DNS Forum held from 6 to 10 May, 2024 in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.
Bridging the Digital Gap Brad Spiegel Macon, GA Initiative.pptxBrad Spiegel Macon GA
Brad Spiegel Macon GA’s journey exemplifies the profound impact that one individual can have on their community. Through his unwavering dedication to digital inclusion, he’s not only bridging the gap in Macon but also setting an example for others to follow.
# Internet Security: Safeguarding Your Digital World
In the contemporary digital age, the internet is a cornerstone of our daily lives. It connects us to vast amounts of information, provides platforms for communication, enables commerce, and offers endless entertainment. However, with these conveniences come significant security challenges. Internet security is essential to protect our digital identities, sensitive data, and overall online experience. This comprehensive guide explores the multifaceted world of internet security, providing insights into its importance, common threats, and effective strategies to safeguard your digital world.
## Understanding Internet Security
Internet security encompasses the measures and protocols used to protect information, devices, and networks from unauthorized access, attacks, and damage. It involves a wide range of practices designed to safeguard data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Effective internet security is crucial for individuals, businesses, and governments alike, as cyber threats continue to evolve in complexity and scale.
### Key Components of Internet Security
1. **Confidentiality**: Ensuring that information is accessible only to those authorized to access it.
2. **Integrity**: Protecting information from being altered or tampered with by unauthorized parties.
3. **Availability**: Ensuring that authorized users have reliable access to information and resources when needed.
## Common Internet Security Threats
Cyber threats are numerous and constantly evolving. Understanding these threats is the first step in protecting against them. Some of the most common internet security threats include:
### Malware
Malware, or malicious software, is designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise a device, network, or service. Common types of malware include:
- **Viruses**: Programs that attach themselves to legitimate software and replicate, spreading to other programs and files.
- **Worms**: Standalone malware that replicates itself to spread to other computers.
- **Trojan Horses**: Malicious software disguised as legitimate software.
- **Ransomware**: Malware that encrypts a user's files and demands a ransom for the decryption key.
- **Spyware**: Software that secretly monitors and collects user information.
### Phishing
Phishing is a social engineering attack that aims to steal sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details. Attackers often masquerade as trusted entities in email or other communication channels, tricking victims into providing their information.
### Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks
MitM attacks occur when an attacker intercepts and potentially alters communication between two parties without their knowledge. This can lead to the unauthorized acquisition of sensitive information.
### Denial-of-Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks
2. Index
Introduction Speaking to the
Internet
The rising of
Platform
Economy & AI
Conversational
Interfaces as
Autonomous
Technologies
2 ▌
What is a
conversational
interface exactly?
The need for
Responsible
Innovations
Discussion
3. During the last years we have witnessed how conversational interfaces have popped up in the
digital landscape due to the great advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Speech
Recognition (SR). That has made possible that chatbots and virtual assistants became
common in different platforms and devices.
This emergence has been also coined as “conversation-as-a-platform” stressing the radical
change that means to communicate with machines throughout the human voice in terms of
user experience (UX).
This emphasis in outlining a new version of the Web is not new as it was also something
previously stressed in past techno-market paradigms like “Web 2.0” but it also reflects the
need of political reflection about the introduction of emergent and pervasive technologies in
our society.
The development of these chatting agents mirrors the concentration of AI resources around a
bunch of companies that lead the so-called “platform economy”.
3 ▌
Introduction
4. “It's a simple concept, yet it's very
powerful in its impact.
It is about taking the power of
human language and applying it
more pervasively to our
computing”
Satya Nadella - Microsoft CEO´s
5.
6.
7.
8. Different platforms have emerged and become common in our routines. This paradigm shift
in business has been driven by the growing digitalization of sociality (Van Dijck, 2013) and the
decentralization effect that Internet culture provokes on society (Castells, 1997) favoring this
transition to digital services created by nascent start up´s.
These digital ecosystems are trying to position themselves as cultural intermediaries while
they look for sustainable business models (Gillespie, 2010) and they are totally depend on
the contribution of human beings and the digitization of value-creating human activities
(Kenney & Zysman, 2016).
The emergence of Web 2.0 (O´Reilly, 2005) and Social Media (Kaplan & Haenlein, 2010)
paradigms have fuelled the growing datasets (Helmond, 2015) that are available in different
UGC platforms (Van Dijck, 2009).This has made possible “digital labor” (Scholz, 2012) or “free
labor” (Terranova, 2000) that is characterized by the exploitation of commons by capital
(platform owners) on the Internet (Fuchs, 2010; Fuster-Morell, 2010; Tufekci, 2010).
AI is the last breakthrough in this technological race because it has attracted a lot of attention
due to promising applications like self-driving cars (Stilgoe, 2017), banking (Pasquale, 2015)
and conversational interfaces (Geller, 2012), all of them favored by the greater availability of
data that has made possible to train computers in these tasks.
8 ▌
The rising of Platform Economy
& Artificial Intelligence
9. “If the industrial revolution was organized around
the factory, today´s changes are organized around
these digital platforms, loosely defined.
Indeed, we are in the midst of a reorganization of our
economy in which the platform owners are
seemingly developing power that may be even more
formidable than was that of the factory owners in the
early industrial revolution”
(Kenney & Zysman, 2016).
11. The conviction that humans will be able to interact with machines through speech has been
widely covered by sci-fi (Allen et al., 2001). It has also been commonly argued that speech is
the technology that will bring the Internet to everyone (Lai, 2000) because spoken language
“is the most natural, efficient, flexible, and inexpensive means of communication among
humans” (Zue & Glass, 2000).
We can define a conversational interface like any user interface that mimics chatting with a
real human and therefore; can provide a quasi-human experience in a human-computer
interaction. There are two major conversational interfaces; chatbots and virtual assistants.
But there are also other artifacts that can implement a conversational interface like social
robots.
The origins of NLP are tightly related with Alan Turing´s article published in 1950;
“Computing Machinery and Intelligence” where he wondered whether a machine can act
indistinguishably from the way a thinker acts (Turing´s Test).
New competitions have been fostered like “Winograd Schema Challenge” for improving
“Turing´s test” and ask computers to make sense of sentences that are ambiguous but
usually simple for humans to parse (Knight, 2016b). Common-sense reasoning is the next
frontier as it is something that can´t be trained through data and is probably out of reach for
current deep learning models (Chollet, 2017). 11 ▌
What is a conversational
interface exactly?
12.
13. Since the irruption of the WWW in the 80´s (Berners-Lee, 2000) the PC was the only one
gateway to access this platform but this will change with the advent of the iPod (O´Reilly,
2005) and the iPhone (Honan, 2007).
Although it wasn´t the first smartphone , it was the most popular (Vogelstein, 2013) and it
clearly contributed to a massive access to the Web. Afterwards, Android OS and other
smartphones will appear in the market favoring multi-touch controls that radically changed
the development of UI´s (Tabarés-Gutiérrez, 2015).
Apple also launched a virtual assistant in 2011 called “Siri”. This innovation is also a
byproduct of “CALO” (Cognitive Assistant that Learns and Organizes) project funded by
DARPA under its PAL (Personalized Assistant that Learns) program. The aim of the project
was “to create cognitive software systems, that is, systems that can reason, learn from
experience, be told what to do, explain what they are doing, reflect on their experience, and
respond robustly to surprise.” (SRI project web).
CALO project proved that different disciplines of AI can cooperate together (Bosker, 2013).
This new approach opened up doors to a new paradigm in machine learning because every
part of the project learned “in vivo” and with an uncontrolled diet of information instead of a
fixed set of data.
13 ▌
Speaking to the Internet
14.
15. Chatbots like “Tay” demonstrated how to love Hitler and hate feminism can be rewarded with
fame and followers in the social media landscape (Wong, 2016). The digital assistant Alexa
has been involved in several controversies (Green, 2017). Other chatbots have been used in a
non-ethical ways by portals like “Ashley Madison” (Morris, 2016; Newitz, 2015) or to spread
fake news in US presidential elections (Bessi & Ferrara, 2016; Ferrara et al., 2016).
As Winner argues; “The term AT is understood to be a general label for all conceptions and
observations to the effect that technology I somehow out of control by human agency”
(Winner, 1977:15). Control and knowledge over technological systems have been deterred in
favor of “progress” as a major ideal.
Our incapacity to decrypt the algorithmic culture (Hallinan & Striphas, 2014; Striphas, 2015)
that is at the backbone of digital platforms (Gillespie, 2011) impedes to analyze the
technological systems that stand for them (Dourish, 2016).
It also remains unclear to public opinion how these companies gather, store and manage data
about users what it clearly contributes to create formidable black-boxes that operate in the
cultural sphere with rules and mechanisms that are not open to public scrutiny.
15 ▌
Conversational Interfaces as
autonomous technologies
16.
17. “The loss of mastery manifests itself in a decline
of our ability to know, to judge, or to control our
technical means. It is in this general waning of
intellectual, moral, and political command that
ideas of autonomous technology find their
basis”
(Winner, 1977:30)
18. AI techniques are built up in methods and tools that defy the human reasoning and are
confident about computer processing power; that is, a power that has been centralized during
the last years due to the development of cloud computing (Bustamante Donas, 2014), and the
availability of high-speed bandwidths (Geller, 2012).
The biggest aspiration of conversational interfaces is to provide with a more natural way of
communication between humans and machines, erasing the recurrent frictions that many
users experiment when they want to get things done on a computer. But fewer frictions with
computers could also mean fewer barriers to shop, or less space for moral deliberation.
These technologies can provide advantages to interact with computers but also with greater
technological somnambulism (Winner, 1983) to act impulsively in the digital ecosystem.
These artifacts can reduce our already declining autonomy in the cultural sphere favoring to
have conversations with digital agents that will assess and recommend us what to do, shop
or like.
The diversity of human languages can be also endangered. Nuances, tones and dialects
belong also to the cultural landscape that is behind our linguistic diversity and the
standardization of these corpuses might not be beneficial for speaking minorities. Current
developments in the AI ecosystem are gathered by a minority of companies that command
the majority of resources (Echeverría & Tabarés, 2016). 18 ▌
Conversational Interfaces as
autonomous technologies
19. There is a need to develop conversational interfaces in liaison with other stakeholders for
promoting a collective and reflexive dialogue about its development that can foster shared
responsibility (Von Schomberg, 2013), can prevent potentially dangerous or non-socially
desirable products (Stilgoe et al., 2013) and can create the “right impacts” at the same time
(Owen, Macnaghten, & Stilgoe, 2012).
Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) aims to foresee the threats that emergent
technologies can bring to our societies while trying to reframe responsibility in innovation
contexts (Owen et al., 2012) as well as conferring new responsibilities (Douglas, 2003).
As conversational interfaces are being promoted as new UI´s in computer-human
communication it will be necessary to establish these long-term collaborations between
different stakeholders in order to promote responsible digital assistants. This can prevent the
pitfalls that many innovations in the field of AI have committed due to the lack of social
diversity and political critique that is present in the R&D departments that promote these
innovations.
The AI industry is not open and inclusive. This prevents it for becoming a socially desirable
technology. “Progress” in this sense means “inequality” as the benefits of these advances
are not available to the majority of society.
19 ▌
The need for Responsible
innovations
20.
21. Conversational Interfaces can offer new possibilities to improve human-machine
communications that can lead to a mass adoption of digital technologies and at the same
time contributing to mitigate different digital divides that exist in society.
Nevertheless, it is still not clear how these innovations are going to confront the growing
inequality that the digital revolution is creating in society throughout what has been coined as
the “platform economy”. In this sense, the development of these technologies is the next step
in the growing digitization of sociality.
The role of chatbots and other virtual assistants in the social media landscape has generated
a lot of controversy. We cannot fully understand how these socio-technological systems are
built up but its impact in society is much greater than we can expect.
Conversational interfaces can help humans in their daily frictions with computers trying to
get things done but at the same time this lowering of resistance can make people more prone
to be “automatic”.
Our current declining autonomy in the social sphere is driven by the introduction of
autonomous technological systems that are disturbing spaces for moral and political
deliberation.
Conversational interfaces are being branded as digital servants but we have to reflect about
the ways that are being developed for assuring that they will not become digital tyrants.
21 ▌
Discussion
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http://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-016-9412-3
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