#openbelgium15 #opentourism
A community suppor.ng Digital Crea.vity in Tourism

Cause and context
Raf Buyle - Open Knowledge
@ra4e #opentourism

WHAT
IF…
Imagine we could use the same services in different
places around the world without the need for
searching new service providers or new apps...

WHAT
IS
Informa>on o?en can't be reused without analizing
the data or building expensive custom connectors

WHAT
COULD
BE?
Linked Open Data aims to connect these solitary pieces
of informaGon to other data sources on the web.

WHAT
SHOULD
WE DO?
we need more Open Data and a common
language for machine readable touris>c
informa>on.

Joined forces with ‘sustainable mobile tourism
guides’, Thomas More - iMinds

shared vision:
“Open Standard
for Tourism” Vocabulary
Ontologies are expected to enable
computers to process informa.on
“much more effec*vely in ways that are
useful and meaningful to the human
user” (Berners-Lee, Hendler, and Lassila
2001).

User Group 40+ actors: SME’s, NPO’s involved in
culture and tourism ac>vi>es, representa>ves from
the provinces and of the major ci>es in Flanders

priori>es both as data
producer and as data
consumer

“ALer defining the
scope of each sub-
domain we
organized working
groups. Each group
was responsible to
work out their sub-
domain in detail in
terms of domain
modeling”

Data in line with the Open Tourism specific>on
The West Flanders tourism
organiza>on was
the first to bring their data inline
with the specifica>on

Open Tourism hackathon
DATA
TOOLS
APP’S
FEEDBACK
h]p://www.mobielegidsen.be/hackathon/

From ad-hoc ac>vity to a solid community
Our mission is to “support digital crea.vity concerning
tourism" and to host the “Open Standard for Tourism”
Vocabulary, which is a reusable Ontology for describing
tourism data.
Join the
Community
Meeting, March
5, 2016
Mechelen

Release Open Tourism Communty Site
● Mailing list
● Tools and resources
● The Open Standard for Tourism Ecosystems Data
SpecificaGon
● News on the upcoming events

Join our community! tourism.openknowledge.be

Join our community! tourism.openknowledge.be

Vision and strategy…
● Bring The Open Tourism vocabulary at
an interna.onal level
● Build a bridge to interoperability
programme of the Flemish Government,
“Open Standards for Linked
Governments”.
● First step - March 3 our work and vision
will be presented at the Interna.onal e-
Gov Conference in Montevideo.

What you really should
remember from this talk:
● Seman.c collabora.on is going to be a
cornerstone of the next genera.on tourism
applica.ons
● seman.c standards are a katalysator for
beZer services and Open Data.
● The Open Tourism vocabulary exist hZp://
w3id.org/ost/spec
● You’re welcome to join our community!
hZp://tourism.openknowledge.be

Geang started with
the Open Tourism Specifica.on
Bruno Koninckx
THOMAS MORE
@brunokon #opentourism

Which domains are covered (for now)?
➔ Offering
What? By whom?
➔ Availability
Where? When?
➔ Experience
How?
➔ Demand

Offering
Availability
Experience
Demand

Availability Demand
Offering

Experience Offering

Demand
Offering

Specifications
http://w3id.org/ost/spec
Questions, remarks, issues on the domain model and
specifications via:
https://github.com/openknowledgebe/tourism/issues

Publising and Consuming
Linked Tourism Data
Anastasia Dimou - iMinds - Data Science Lab
@natadimou #opentourism

RML.io
Genera>ng High Quality
Linked Open Data
from Open or Not Data
Anastasia Dimou
Data Science Lab, Ghent University - iMinds
anastasia.dimou@ugent.be
@natadimou

What is the SemanGc Web?

The SemanGc Web
is the extension of the World Wide Web

Are you the owner of your data?
OR
is the applicaGon that hosts your data?

The SemanGc Web
is the extension of the World Wide Web
enables sharing content beyond
the boundaries of applica>ons & websites

the Web for humans, thanks to HTML,
is understandable & constant
BUT
is the Web for machines too?

The SemanGc Web
is the extension of the World Wide Web
enables sharing content beyond
the boundaries of applica>ons & websites
allows machines to understand
the meaning of hyperlinked informa>on

SemanGc Web enabled applica>ons
rely on data represented as Linked Data

What is Linked (Open) Data?

Linked (Open) Data
a standardized way of
expressing the rela>onships between data

Linked (Open) Data
a standardized way of
expressing the rela>onships between data
seman>cally annotated the data
with different vocabularies or ontologies

Linked (Open) Data
a standardized way of
expressing the rela>onships between data
seman>cally annotated the data
with different vocabularies or ontologies
describe domain-level knowledge
understandable by humans & machines

Where does Linked Data come from?

Linked (Open) Data
is o?en derived from originally
heterogeneous (semi-)structured data

Linked Open Data
from Not Open Data

Linked Open Data
from Not Open Data
from Open Data

Linked Open Data
from Not Open Data
from Open Data
from their combina>on

How is Open Data published?

The DataTank
open source RESTful data management system

The DataTank
open source RESTful data management system
enables publishing data into web readable formats
read the data and publish them on the web
using a URI as an iden>fier.

The DataTank
supported data formats
CSV and XLS
XML
JSON(-LD)
SHP
RDF
MySQL
SPARQL

How is Linked (Open) Data published?

Linked (Open) Data
published in the form of RDF datasets

Resource DescripGon Framework (RDF)
is the prevalent data model
for describing Linked (Open) Data

Resource DescripGon Framework (RDF)
is the prevalent data model
for describing Linked (Open) Data
predicate
subject object

Resource DescripGon Framework (RDF)
is the prevalent data model
for describing Linked (Open) Data
driven by unique iden>fiers (URIs)
predicate
subject object

Resource DescripGon Framework (RDF)
is the prevalent data model
for describing Linked (Open) Data
driven by unique iden>fiers (URIs)
allows establishing a shared meaning
predicate
subject object

How is Linked Data derived
from (semi-)structured data?

How is Linked Data derived
from (semi-)structured data?
id firstname lastname lab city
1 Anastasia Dimou DSLab Ghent
2 Ruben Verborgh DSLab Ghent
3 Erik Mannens DSLab Ghent

label
Person 1 Data Science Lab works
“Anastasia Dimou”
located DataScience Lab Ghent
label
Person 2 Data Science Lab works
“Ruben Verborgh”
label
Person 3 DataScience Lab works
“Erik Mannens”

label
Person {id}
{lab}
works
Assign unique iden>fiers (URIs)
“{firstname}
{surname}”

label
Person {id}
{lab}
works
Assign unique iden>fiers (URIs)
“{firstname}
{surname}”
label
h]p:://
ex.com{id}
h]p://ex.com{lab}
works
“{firstname}
{surname}”

Annotate data rela>onships with ontologies
label
h]p:://
ex.com{id}
h]p://ex.com{lab}
works
“{firstname}
{surname}”

Annotate data rela>onships with ontologies
label
h]p:://
ex.com{id}
h]p://ex.com{lab}
works
“{firstname}
{surname}”
rdfs:label
h]p:://
ex.com{id}
h]p://ex.com{lab}
ex:works
“{firstname}
{surname}”

rdfs:label
ex:1 ex:DSLab ex:works
“Anastasia Dimou”
ex:located ex:DSLab ex:Ghent
rdfs:label
ex:2 ex:DSLab ex:works
“Ruben Verborgh”
rdfs:label
ex:3 ex:DSLab ex:works
“Erik Mannens”

rdfs:label
ex:{id}
ex:{lab}
ex:works
ex:located
ex:{lab} ex:{city}
sets of triples of a dataset have repe>>ve pa]erns
“{firstname}
{surname}”

rdfs:label
ex:{id}
ex:{lab}
ex:works
sets of triples of a dataset have repe>>ve pa]erns
“{firstname}
{surname}”
RDF dataset genera>on tools
rely their implementa>on on repe>>vely
applying those pa]erns to input data
ex:located
ex:{lab} ex:{city}

What are the different
Linked Data GeneraGon approaches?

Linked Data genera>on approaches
case-specific solu.ons

Linked Data genera>on approaches
case-specific solu.ons
OR
format and source specific

Data OWNER / PUBLISHER
CSV JSON XML
RDF RDF RDF

R2RML mappings R2RML processor
Data OWNER / PUBLISHER
defines
RDF
DB CSV JSON XML
RDF RDF RDF

RDF Terms (focusing on IRIs) are…
generated independently
disregarding their possible prior defini>ons
manually replicated
by reconstruc>ng the same URIs (if possible)
manually aligned a?erwards
links with other datasets are defined a?er
the RDF terms are published

Why not a uniform approach?

Uniform and declarative RDF generation
from heterogeneous data sources
mappings processor
Data OWNER / PUBLISHER
defines
RDF
DB CSV JSON XML RDF

RDF Mapping Language (RML)
generic scalable mapping language
for generating and interlinking
RDF data from heterogeneous resources
in an integrable and interoperable fashion
superset of the W3C standardized
R2RML mapping language
http://rml.io

Uniform and declarative RDF generation
from heterogeneous data sources
RML mappings processor
Data OWNER / PUBLISHER
defines
RDF
DB CSV JSON XML RDF

Defining Mappings to generate Linked Data
Retrieving Input Data
EdiGng Mappings

Defining Mappings to generate Linked Data
Retrieving Input Data
EdiGng Mappings

RML describes
how to generated RDF
from structured data
predicate
subject object

RML describes
how to generated RDF
from structured data
predicate
subject object
Predicate Map
Subject Map Object Map

RML describes
how to generated RDF
from structured data
predicate
subject object
Predicate Map
Subject Map Object Map
<#TriplesMap>

rr:constant
ex:located
rr:template “h]p://ex.com/
{lab}”
rr:template “h]p://ex.com/{city}”
rr:template “h]p://ex.com/
{id}”
rr:template “h]p://ex.com/{lab}”
rr:template “{firstname} {surname}”
rr:termType rr:Literal
RDF Mapping Language (RML)
@prefix rr: <h]p://www.w3.org/ns/r2rml#>

rr:constant ex:works
rr:constant ex:located rr:template “h]p://ex.com/
{lab}”
rr:template “h]p://ex.com/{city}”
rr:template “h]p://ex.com/
{id}”
rr:template “h]p://ex.com/{lab}”
<#ResearcherMap>
<#LabMap>
rr:template “{firstname} {surname}”
rr:termType rr:Literal
RDF Mapping Language (RML)

ExtracGon Module Mapping Module
RML Processor

Defining Mappings to generate Linked Data
EdiGng Mappings
Retrieving Input Data

RML describes
rules to map any structured data to RDF
RML supports any data independently of
which structure and format they have
where they originally reside
how they are accessed & retrieved

Specifying data
which data form a data input
how to reference data input extracts
Accessing & Retrieving data
data input from original source(s)

Specifying data
which data form a data input
how to reference data input extracts
Accessing & Retrieving data
data input from original source(s)

Support data in Heterogeneous Structures
tabular-structured
hierarchical-structured
(semi-)structured
… … …

Support data in Heterogeneous Structures and Formats
tabular-structured
tables in DBs or CSV files …
hierarchical-structured
JSON or XML …
(semi-)structured
HTML …
… … …

rr:template “h]p://ex.com/
{id}”
rr:template “h]p://ex.com/{lab}”
<#ResearcherMap> rr:template “{firstname} {surname}”
rr:termType rr:Literal
id firstname surname lab
1 Anastasia Dimou DSLab
2 Ruben Verborgh DSLab
3 Erik Mannens DSLab
tabular-structured data

rr:constant
ex:located
rr:template “h]p://ex.com/
{/labs/lab/short}”
rr:template “h]p://ex.com/
{/labs/lab/loca>on/city}”
<#LabMap>
<labs>
<lab>
<short>MMLab</short>
<>tle>Mul>media Lab</>tle>
<loca>on>
<city>Ghent</city>
</loca>on>
</lab>
<lab> …. </lab>
…
</labs>
hierarchical-structured data

Specifying data
which data form a data input
how to reference data input extracts
Accessing & Retrieving data
data input from original source(s)

Input
data
Input
data
Input
data
Output
RDF
Mapping
module
RML
Processor
Map doc

Data
source
Access
interface
Input
data
Input
data
Input
data
Output
RDF
Mapping
module
RML
Processor
Map doc
Data
source
Access
interface
Data
source
Access
interface
Retrieval
module
Source
descrip>on

Support different LocaGons and Access Interfaces
Local File(s)
Database connec>vity
Web source(s)
RDF source(s)

Support different LocaGons and Access Interfaces
Local File(s)
Database connec>vity
D2RQ
Web source(s) (Web API/service)
DCAT, CSVW, Hydra, VOiD (Dataset)
RDF source(s)
VOiD (Endpoint), SPARQL-SD

file.xml
WEB API
DCAT
XML
data
JSON
data
tabular
data
Output
RDF
Mapping
module
RML
Processor
Map doc
Data repo
WEB API
Hydra
Data base
JDBC
D2RQ
Retrieval
module
Source
descrip>on
Triple
store
SPARQL

Defining Mappings to generate Linked Data
Retrieving Input Data
EdiGng Mappings

Seman>c Web experts Vs. Data specialists

Seman>c Web experts Vs. Data specialists
Modeling Domain Knowledge
as Linked (Open) Data
is not straighsorward for
Data Specialists

Seman>c Web experts Vs. Data specialists
Modeling Domain Knowledge
as Linked (Open) Data
is not straighsorward for
Data Specialists
Data context
is not straighsorward for
Seman>c Web experts

Seman>c Web experts Vs. Data specialists
Data Specialists
should be able to specify the mappings,
modify and extend them at any >me

Defining Mappings to generate Linked Data
EdiGng Mappings
Retrieving Input Data

The five stars of the Linked Open Data scheme
should not be approached as a set of
consecu>ve steps

Well-considered policy regarding
mapping and interlinking of data
in the context of a certain
knowledge domain

GEO > OPEN
Geraldine Nolf
Flemish Informa.on Agency
@natadimou #opentourism

> Geographical data in Flanders
▪ Must follow its obligations, regulations, standards, …
> F.e. SDI-Flanders partnership (decree, implementing decree, commandments, …)
> MUST’s for describing metadata:
▪ ISO
> 19115 (datasets/series), 19119 (services), 19139 (implementation), 19110 (feature catalogue)
▪ INSPIRE
> Directive: Implementing Rules on Metadata + Technical Guidelines on Metadata
▪ SDI-Flanders
> Best Practices on Metadata v1.0 (metadata for datasets, dataset series, services, feature catalogues)
▪ OGC / INSPIRE
> Catalogue Service for the Web (OGC Catalogue Services Specification 2.0.2) = Discovery Service (INSPIRE) =
Zoekdienst (SDI-Flanders)
> Geoportal: http://www.geopunt.be
The way to open geographical data in Flanders?
Geo > Open 109

> Open data Portal in Flanders:
▪ SHOULD follow its manual
> SHOULD HAVE’s for describing metadata:
▪ DCAT-AP
> Portal: http://opendata.vlaanderen.be/
▪ CKAN
The way to open geographical data in Flanders?
Geo > Open 110

> So, do I have to describe my data on both portals?
> The power of metadata:
▪ Describe it only once,
▪ Create multiple use
The way to open geographical data in Flanders?
Geo > Open 111
1

The way to open geographical data in Flanders?
Geo > Open 112
> Follow the SDI-track to describe metadata (MUST)
▪ Appear on http://www.geopunt.be
▪ AND appear on http://opendata.vlaanderen.be/
> Because of:
▪ Set keyword “Open data in Flanders” in the metadata record
▪ Via CSW harvest of Geopunt metadata
▪ With filter on keyword “Open data in Flanders”
▪ Mapping to DCAT (XSLT: ISO 19139 to DCAT)
▪ Mapping to CKAN

Geo > Open 113

Open Discussion
Bruno Koninckx
THOMAS MORE
@brunokon #opentourism

Open Discussion

Anastasia
@natadimou
Raf
@ra4e
Bruno
@BrunoKon

Join our community!
h]p://tourism.openknowledge.be
#opentourism |raf{dot}buyle{at}okfn{dot}be

A world where knowledge creates power
for the many, not the few.
A world where data frees us — to make
informed choices about how we live, what
we buy and who gets our vote.
A world where informa.on and insights are
accessible — and apparent — to everyone.
This is the world we choose
#openbelgium16 #opentourism