Conversation at a pharmacy. Ana l.
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The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like depression and anxiety.
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HOSPITAL.pptx
The document discusses definitions and classifications of hospitals. It provides definitions from WHO, Steadman's Medical Dictionary, and Blakiston's New Gould Medical Dictionary. Hospitals are classified based on length of stay, clinical focus, ownership, objectives, size, management, and medical system. They can be acute care/short-term or chronic care/long-term facilities and are also differentiated based on whether they are teaching, general, specialized, or isolation hospitals.
English Grammar for Class 5 - Common and Proper Nouns.pdf
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online assignment
This document discusses man-made resources and their importance for science teaching and learning. It provides context on natural resources and defines man-made resources as items that do not occur naturally but have value to humans. Hospitals are discussed as an important man-made resource, with definitions of their meaning and roles in providing healthcare and supporting new economic models. The document outlines key infrastructure needs for hospitals, including space, privacy, water access, waste management, and power, to function properly. It concludes that well-designed hospital facilities with intelligent systems can help create safer environments for patients and staff.
Classification of hospital ashmi
The hospital is a complex organization and an institute that makes use of a group of complicated but specialized in scientific equipment and functioning through a team of trained staff educated in the problems of modern medical science.
Hospital types organisation and functions.
Hospitals are institutions designed to care for the sick, injured, and well. A hospital provides complete health care including curative and preventive services. It serves as a center for training health workers and conducting biomedical research. Hospitals can be classified based on length of stay, clinical focus, ownership, objectives, size, management, and medical system. They perform key functions like patient care, diagnosis and treatment, outpatient services, medical education, research, and disease prevention and health promotion.
Segmentation and Automatic Counting of Red Blood Cells Using Hough Transform
Authors:- V. Antony Asir Daniel1, J. Surendiran2, K. Kalaiselvi3
Abstract- Red blood cells are specialized as oxygen carrier RBC plays a crucial role in
medical diagnosis and pathological study. The blood samples are collected using the smear
glass slide. These samples are taken under the test using the image of the blood. Filtering
process are carries out to remove the noise. Morphological operation are applied on the
blood image and using Hough transform method the RBC are counted which is the
effective segmentation process.
Hospital and its classification
A hospital is a residential establishment which provides short term and long term medical care consisting of observational , diagnostic , therapeutic and rehabilitative services for persons suffering or suspected to be suffering from a disease or injury and for parturients . It may or may not also provide services for ambulatory patients or an out patient basis.
Hospitals are classified into primary, secondary and tertiary based on bed capacity.
Primary hospital
Primary hospital is typically a hospital that contains less than 100 beds They are tasked withproviding preventive care, minimal health care and rehabilitation services.
They are a basic level of contact between individuals and families with the healthy system
They include general practitioners, family physicians and physiotherapist .The basic services provided by them are immunization, maternal and child health services, curative care services and prevention of diseases are provided by PHC.
The staff in PHC includes a medical officer, a staff nurse and paramedical support staff
2. Secondary hospital
Secondary hospitals are preferred with a medium size city, country or district and contain more than 100 beds but less than 500.
They are responsible for providing complete health services and medical education and also conduct research on regional basis.
These hospitals include cardiologists, urologists, dermatologists and other such specialists. The services are provided by medical specialists.
The services include acute care, short period stay in hospital emergency department for brief but serious illness.
There may be providers who remain in contact but do not work in hospitals such as psychiatrists, physiotherapists, respiratory therapists etc.
District hospitals and community health centres at the block level are the examples of secondary hospitals
3) Tertiary hospitals
These are comprehensive or general hospitals of the city at national or provincial level with the bed capacity exceeding 500.
They are responsible for providing specialist health services and play a vital role with regard to medical education and scientific research and they also serve as a medical hub providing care to multiple regions.
The Patients are admitted into these centres on a referral from primary or secondary health professionals.
They offer personnel facility as well as facilities for advanced medical investigation and treatment.
They provide advanced diagnostic support services, specialized intensive care and special services such as neurosurgery, cancer management, cardiac surgery etc that cannot be provided by primary and secondary health centres.
The examples of tertiary hospitals include 3 medical colleges and advanced medical research institutes.
Hospital committees
Hospital committees are groups appointed to perform specific functions related to delivering quality healthcare. The document outlines various standing committees in a hospital like the executive committee, management committee, committee on medical services, and others. It describes the area of responsibility, reporting structure, and expected output of sample committees like the executive committee, which is responsible for quality services and organizational direction and reports to the board of directors, and the quality council, which is responsible for the quality management system and reports to hospital management. The purpose of hospital committees is to establish quality management systems to ensure functions like medical services, ethics, drug therapy, infection control and others meet quality standards.
Recommended
HOSPITAL.pptx
The document discusses definitions and classifications of hospitals. It provides definitions from WHO, Steadman's Medical Dictionary, and Blakiston's New Gould Medical Dictionary. Hospitals are classified based on length of stay, clinical focus, ownership, objectives, size, management, and medical system. They can be acute care/short-term or chronic care/long-term facilities and are also differentiated based on whether they are teaching, general, specialized, or isolation hospitals.
English Grammar for Class 5 - Common and Proper Nouns.pdf
Common and Proper nouns worksheets with answers Proper nouns are the words that refer to a unique person, animal, or thing The easiest way to spot a proper noun is they always begin with a capital letter
online assignment
This document discusses man-made resources and their importance for science teaching and learning. It provides context on natural resources and defines man-made resources as items that do not occur naturally but have value to humans. Hospitals are discussed as an important man-made resource, with definitions of their meaning and roles in providing healthcare and supporting new economic models. The document outlines key infrastructure needs for hospitals, including space, privacy, water access, waste management, and power, to function properly. It concludes that well-designed hospital facilities with intelligent systems can help create safer environments for patients and staff.
Classification of hospital ashmi
The hospital is a complex organization and an institute that makes use of a group of complicated but specialized in scientific equipment and functioning through a team of trained staff educated in the problems of modern medical science.
Hospital types organisation and functions.
Hospitals are institutions designed to care for the sick, injured, and well. A hospital provides complete health care including curative and preventive services. It serves as a center for training health workers and conducting biomedical research. Hospitals can be classified based on length of stay, clinical focus, ownership, objectives, size, management, and medical system. They perform key functions like patient care, diagnosis and treatment, outpatient services, medical education, research, and disease prevention and health promotion.
Segmentation and Automatic Counting of Red Blood Cells Using Hough Transform
Authors:- V. Antony Asir Daniel1, J. Surendiran2, K. Kalaiselvi3
Abstract- Red blood cells are specialized as oxygen carrier RBC plays a crucial role in
medical diagnosis and pathological study. The blood samples are collected using the smear
glass slide. These samples are taken under the test using the image of the blood. Filtering
process are carries out to remove the noise. Morphological operation are applied on the
blood image and using Hough transform method the RBC are counted which is the
effective segmentation process.
Hospital and its classification
A hospital is a residential establishment which provides short term and long term medical care consisting of observational , diagnostic , therapeutic and rehabilitative services for persons suffering or suspected to be suffering from a disease or injury and for parturients . It may or may not also provide services for ambulatory patients or an out patient basis.
Hospitals are classified into primary, secondary and tertiary based on bed capacity.
Primary hospital
Primary hospital is typically a hospital that contains less than 100 beds They are tasked withproviding preventive care, minimal health care and rehabilitation services.
They are a basic level of contact between individuals and families with the healthy system
They include general practitioners, family physicians and physiotherapist .The basic services provided by them are immunization, maternal and child health services, curative care services and prevention of diseases are provided by PHC.
The staff in PHC includes a medical officer, a staff nurse and paramedical support staff
2. Secondary hospital
Secondary hospitals are preferred with a medium size city, country or district and contain more than 100 beds but less than 500.
They are responsible for providing complete health services and medical education and also conduct research on regional basis.
These hospitals include cardiologists, urologists, dermatologists and other such specialists. The services are provided by medical specialists.
The services include acute care, short period stay in hospital emergency department for brief but serious illness.
There may be providers who remain in contact but do not work in hospitals such as psychiatrists, physiotherapists, respiratory therapists etc.
District hospitals and community health centres at the block level are the examples of secondary hospitals
3) Tertiary hospitals
These are comprehensive or general hospitals of the city at national or provincial level with the bed capacity exceeding 500.
They are responsible for providing specialist health services and play a vital role with regard to medical education and scientific research and they also serve as a medical hub providing care to multiple regions.
The Patients are admitted into these centres on a referral from primary or secondary health professionals.
They offer personnel facility as well as facilities for advanced medical investigation and treatment.
They provide advanced diagnostic support services, specialized intensive care and special services such as neurosurgery, cancer management, cardiac surgery etc that cannot be provided by primary and secondary health centres.
The examples of tertiary hospitals include 3 medical colleges and advanced medical research institutes.
Hospital committees
Hospital committees are groups appointed to perform specific functions related to delivering quality healthcare. The document outlines various standing committees in a hospital like the executive committee, management committee, committee on medical services, and others. It describes the area of responsibility, reporting structure, and expected output of sample committees like the executive committee, which is responsible for quality services and organizational direction and reports to the board of directors, and the quality council, which is responsible for the quality management system and reports to hospital management. The purpose of hospital committees is to establish quality management systems to ensure functions like medical services, ethics, drug therapy, infection control and others meet quality standards.
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This document defines a hospital and describes its functions and classifications. It states that a hospital provides both curative and preventive healthcare services. Hospitals are classified based on their objectives, administration, length of stay, medical staff, size, type of care provided, affiliation, and medical system. The document also describes the organization of a hospital which includes administrative services, informational services, therapeutic services, diagnostic services, and support services. It provides examples of departments that are part of each service.
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This is an interesting presentation mainly for the second part where you find some vocabulary/ expressions learnt during the year and a wide variety of products you can find in a chemist's.
Real situation: doctor+ pharmacist by Josefa l.
Este documento presenta una conversación en inglés y español entre Josefa López y su médico y farmacéutico. Josefa visita al médico porque no se ha sentido bien, sintiéndose cansada y con dolor en las piernas. El médico le receta análisis de sangre y una dieta, y también le receta píldoras diuréticas y ejercicio. Más tarde, Josefa visita la farmacia para recoger las recetas médicas. El farmacéutico le explica cómo tomar los medicamentos y también le
Conversation at a pharmacy. Azucena
A customer visits a pharmacy complaining of stinging and swollen eyes. The pharmacist recommends using eye drops twice a day for a week and seeing an optician if not improved. The eye drops cost 3 euros and absorbent pads were also purchased, making the total 12 euros. The customer pays and leaves, wishing them a nice day.
Conversation. Encarni Ruiz
A patient visited a doctor complaining of a cough with a blocked nose but no throat pain. The doctor prescribed medication to take three times a day after meals and advised seeing a doctor if not improved. The patient thanked the doctor for the help and prescription before saying goodbye.
At the pharmacy. Nerea
A customer visits a pharmacy and asks the pharmacist to recommend an anti-wrinkle cream for sensitive skin. The pharmacist checks the ingredients of a cream and confirms it is suitable. The customer also purchases a thermometer, and the pharmacist explains how to use it correctly. At the register, the total cost of the cream and thermometer is 42€.
At the pharmacy. Cristina
A customer visited a pharmacy asking for allergy pills and a thermometer. The pharmacist helped the customer by providing options for a digital or mercury thermometer and informing them of the prices. The customer also asked for test strips. After getting all the requested items, the pharmacist provided the total which was 10.20€ and the customer thanked them before leaving with their items and change.
At a pharmacy. Jenny
A person has a rash and plans to visit the pharmacy. They ask if a medication has any side effects. The pharmacy responds thanking them.
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This document discusses the importance and benefits of hospital accreditation in India. It notes that accreditation will help hospitals comply with quality standards due to the increasing role of health insurance, rise in medical lawsuits, and emphasis on patient rights. The National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Providers (NABH) was established to develop accreditation standards tailored for India. The document outlines the 10 steps for obtaining accreditation and highlights that accreditation leads to high quality patient care, satisfied staff, and objective empanelment with insurance providers.
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The document provides brief descriptions of various hospital departments in Jersey, including the Accident and Emergency Department, Assisted Reproduction Unit, Audiology Department, and others that deal with child development, clinical investigations, dentistry, dietetics, ear/nose/throat issues, eyes, infection control, neurology, outreach services, pathology, pharmacy, podiatry, radiology, renal issues, speech and language therapy, and rehabilitation.
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The document provides an executive summary for a business plan for Project E, which will be Botswana's first private psychiatric hospital. It outlines the company's goals of increasing beds and admissions over time. Financial projections show an investment need of $9 million with positive cash flow and returns expected within 6-7 years. The management team is experienced in the mental healthcare field.
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This document discusses the organizational structures of hospitals. It describes the classifications of healthcare as primary, secondary, and tertiary care. Hospitals are also classified as general, specialty, rehabilitation, long-term care, or nursing homes. Regulatory agencies oversee hospitals. The roles of the governing board, hospital administrator, and medical staff are outlined. Advances in technology have increased complexity and professional specialization within hospitals. Effective communication and leadership are needed to coordinate the diverse professionals and administrative functions within this complex organizational system.
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Norman Kennedy, Principal of Thurgood Marshall Elementary School, wrote a letter of recommendation for Wendy Edwards, who has worked as the school guidance counselor for three years. Kennedy stated that since Edwards' arrival, there have been amazing changes to the school climate and guidance services. Edwards works collaboratively with colleagues, has a passion for school counseling, and designs behavior plans and strategies to support students' mental wellness. Kennedy highly recommends Edwards for a guidance counselor position.
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INTRODUCTION TO HOSPITALS
Hospitals are institutions that treat sick or injured people. The word "hospital" comes from Latin and French words meaning hospitality. Hospitals can be classified in various ways, including by length of stay (acute vs chronic), clinical focus, ownership, objectives, size, and system of medicine (allopathic, ayurvedic, etc.). Hospitals serve several important functions like caring for the sick, preventing and promoting health, diagnosing and treating diseases, providing mental healthcare and rehabilitation, supporting medical education, and conducting research.
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Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
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