The document describes the continuous casting (CC) process for producing solid strands from liquid steel via various types of casting machines, including vertical and bow type machines, highlighting their advantages and characteristics. It emphasizes the importance of nonmetallic inclusions in the casting process and provides an overview of the main components of a continuous casting machine. Additionally, Hani Steel offers manufacturing and installation services for steel production equipment, catering to specific user requirements.

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Continuous Casting Machine Equipment
Continuous casting (CC) is a method of producing an infinite solid strand from liquid steel by
continuously solidifying it as it moves through a CCM machine. It is the predominant process route in a
modern steel plant which links steel-making and hot rolling.
Types of continuous casting machines
CCM machines have evolved from the strictly vertical type of machine to curved machines in order to
limit the installation height while still using high casting speeds. In recent years, CCM machines of more
sophisticated mechanical design are being constructed. These machines apply several techniques for
achieving higher casting speeds and higher outputs and are with progressive straightening or
progressive bending over a liquid core. The main types of the CCM machines which are in operation
these days are given below.
 Simple vertical CCM machine with a straight mould and cutoff in the vertical position
 Vertical CCM machine with a straight mould along with single point bending and straightening
 Vertical CCM machine with a straight mould along with progressive bending and straightening
 Bow type machine with curved mould and straightening
 Bow type machine with curved mould and progressive straightening

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One important characteristic in continuous casting is the removal of nonmetallic inclusions from the
liquid steel. Owing to their lower density compared to the liquid steel, the inclusions are able to float up
from the liquid. In the straight CCM machines, the inclusions can float up more easily to the meniscus
(liquid surface near the mould wall) than in the bow type CCM machines. This is because in the bow
type CCM machines some inclusions can attach to the inner arc of the strand shell, when they are
flowing up. This can be seen as a higher amount of inclusions but also as an uneven distribution of the
inclusions in the as cast strand. So, the vertical or vertical bending type CCM machines have the
advantage that inclusions can float up better to the meniscus than in bow type CCM machines.
Horizontal CCM machines have some advantages of low height and low construction costs over the
conventional CCM machines. These kinds of CCM machines have been used for the continuous

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casting of many metals such as copper and copper alloys, but for steel, the technology is so complex
that it is not widely used for the continuous casting of liquid steel.
The choice between the types of casting machines depends on a complex optimization of the specific
facility requirements for the CCM machine productivity, product quality, machine complexity, and cost.
With the introduction of the newer designs there has been an increasing adoption of the bow type CCM
machines with curved moulds for CCM of slabs and to a lesser extent for CCM of billets and blooms.
Continuous Casting Machine Composition
The main equipments of a CCM machine constitute (i) ladle turret along with turret weighing system and
ladle cover manipulator, (ii) tundish and tundish car along with tundish weighing system, tundish
preheater and dryer, (iii) mould and mould oscillation along with mould level control and
electromagnetic stirrer, (iv) secondary cooling consisting of strand cooling, strand containment and
guiding, (v) withdrawal and straightener, (vi) dummy bar, dummy bar parking and dummy bar
disconnect roll unit, (vii) pinch roll and torch cut off unit, (viii) Product identification system, and (ix)
Roller table and product discharge system.
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We are China manufacturer of Steel Rolling Mill, Wire Rod Mill, TMT Rebar Mill, Electric Arc
Furnace, Induction Furnace, Flying Shear, Cold Strip Rolling Mill, Continuous Casting
Machine and spare part. We can supply designing, manufacturing, installation, and
commission of the equipment with "turn-key" service. We can also design, manufacture and
revamp other non-standard equipment according to the requirements of users.
More information please visit www.hanrm.com