1. The document discusses two contemporary management perspectives: systems theory and contingency approach. 2. Systems theory views an organization as a set of interrelated parts that work together as a unified whole. A closed system is not influenced by the external environment, while an open system interacts with the environment. 3. The contingency approach recognizes that organizations differ and require different management approaches depending on their situation. A manager may use contingency approach tools like evaluations and team building to best address situations within their organization.

1. 1.SHIVAM SINGH
2.RAJENDRA PAL
3.ALOK THAKUR
4.ASHAB ANSARI

2. CONTEMPORARY APPROACH

3. Contemporary
approach
Systems
theory
Closed
systems
Open system
Contingency
approach

4. TWO CONTEMPORARY
MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVE
1. System theory
2. Contingency approach

5. 1. SYSTEM THEORY
Definition
A set of interrelated and interdependent parts
arranged in a manner that produces a unified whole.
Example
The system approach recognizes that ,no matter how
efficient the production department might be ,the
marketing department better anticipate changes in
customer tastes and work with the product
development department in creating products
customers want ,or the organisation’s overall
performance will suffer.

7. Definition
Systems that are not influenced by and do not interact
with their environment.
Example
A production line is an example of a closed system
within an organisation. workers on an assembly line
are generally only responsible for completing their
tasks on the line, depending on what type of line it is.

9. 2. CONTINGENCY APPROACH
 DEFINITION
A management approach which says that organisations are
different , face different situations and require different
ways of managing.
 EXAMPLE
If the production line is too good in an organisation and
the consumers are not satisfactory according to it,then the
manager of an organisation should use the contingency
approach in order to maintain the situation in the best way.

11. MANAGERS TOOL IN
CONTINGENCY APPROACH
 Personal Evaluations
 One on One meetings
 Building rapport with your team
 Going to meetings
 Having outings
 Team Building Exercise
 Thorough Conferences