The document outlines Timo Pagel's expertise in DevSecOps, focusing on vulnerability management and the use of various tools such as Jenkins and Defectdojo for security efficiency in Kubernetes environments. It details the challenges of managing known vulnerabilities, container patching, and the importance of monitoring software inventory through SBOM (Software Bill of Materials). The conclusion emphasizes the establishment of a defined patch policy and the necessity of continuous testing for vulnerabilities across different layers of application components.

1. Timo Pagel
DevSecOps Trainer/Architect/Strategist

2. Timo Pagel
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$ /usr/bin/whoami
● DevSecOps Trainer and Consultant
● Lecturer for Security in Web Applications at different Universities
● Open Source / Open Knowledge Enthusiast

3. Timo Pagel
Risk Management / CIS Evolution
Discover Prioritize Act
Inspired by The vulnerability management framework, https://github.com/franksec42/Vulnerability-management-maturity

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Risk Management / CIS Evolution
Discover Prioritize Act
Testing Env Aggregation Prioritization Action Measurement
Inspired by The vulnerability management framework, https://github.com/franksec42/Vulnerability-management-maturity

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Companies using modern technologies e.g.
User/Creator of the ClusterImageScanner:
Typical ClusterImageScanner User
Containers Kubernetes Multi Cloud Micro Services

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Typical Problems
● Missing patch management leads to exploitable
containers
● Are we using the vulnerable component/version X?
● What vulnerabilities are potentially exploitable?
● Misconfigurations

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Handling of security misconfigurations and known
vulnerabilities
Solution Overview
Prod. (Kubernetes) Cluster
Container W
Image A
Container X
Image A
Container Y
Image B
Container Z
Image C
Developers
Report Known
Vulnerabilities

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Handling of security misconfigurations and known
vulnerabilities
Solution Overview
Prod. (Kubernetes) Cluster
Container W
Image A
Container X
Image A
Container Y
Image B
Container Z
Image C
Report Lifetime
Operators
Developers
Report Known
Vulnerabilities

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Solution Overview
Kubernetes
Cluster
DefectDojo EMail/Messenger
Image
Registry
Dev/Ops

10. Kubernetes Cluster 1
Image Collector
Container A,
Image B
Kubernetes Cluster n
Orchestrator
Scan A
Kubernetes Cluster 2
Image Collector
Container X,
Image Y
DefectDojo EMail/Messenger
SDA SE ClusterScanner Overview
Image
Registry
Scan B e.g.
Image Lifetime
Dev/Ops

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DevSecOps Test Journey
2017 2018 2020
Dependency Check with Jenkins-Plugin
2019 2021

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Risk Management / CIS Evolution
Discover Prioritize Act
Testing Env Aggregation Prioritization Action Measurement
Vulnerability Severity Mitigation Controls
Enhancement of
threshold
Mitigation Controls
Master (ahead of
production)
Inspired by The vulnerability management framework, https://github.com/franksec42/Vulnerability-management-maturity

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DevSecOps Test Journey
2017 2018 2020
Dependency Check with Jenkins-Plugin
Dependency Check (master) with DefectDojo
2019 2021

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Developer Version
Control
Build and
Deployment
Production
System
Internal
Repository
Production near
System
Build and Deployment Process

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Developer Version
Control
Build and
Deployment
Production
System
Internal
Repository
Production near
System
Build and Deployment Process
Issue detected

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Developer Version
Control
Build and
Deployment
Production
System
Internal
Repository
Production near
System
Build and Deployment Process
Issue detected
Developer is working on something else
Maybe the developer patched a vulnerability but another is raised
Is a good process for introduced vulnerabilities, e.g. SQLi

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Risk Management / CIS Evolution
Discover Prioritize Act
Testing Env Aggregation Prioritization Action Measurement
Vulnerability Severity Mitigation Controls
Enhancement of
threshold
Mitigation Controls
Vulnerability Severity Mitigation Controls,
Acceptance, Marking as
false positive
Mean Time to
Resolution
Master (ahead of
production)
Master (ahead of
production)
Inspired by The vulnerability management framework, https://github.com/franksec42/Vulnerability-management-maturity

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Inform about known vulnerabilities
Developer doesn’t change something
-> Asynchronous information about known
vulnerabilities in third party libraries

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DevSecOps Test Journey
2017 2018 2020
Dependency Check with Jenkins-Plugin
Dependency Check on Production Images (kustomize + grep)
Dependency Check (master) with DefectDojo
2019 2021

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Master != Production
● Process (e.g. approval)
● Technical issues

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Developer Version
Control
Build and
Deployment
Production
System
Internal
Repository
Production near
System
Build and Deployment Process
Technical issue

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Developer Version
Control
Build and
Deployment
Production
System
Internal
Repository
Production near
System
Build and Deployment Process
Technical issue
Approval
Product Owner

23. Timo Pagel
Developer Version
Control
Build and
Deployment
Production
System
Internal
Repository
Production near
System
Build and Deployment Process
Technical issue
Approval
Product Owner

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DevSecOps Test Journey
2017 2018 2020
Dependency Check with Jenkins-Plugin
Dependency Check
Dependency Check on Production Images (kustomize + grep)
Dependency Check (master) with DefectDojo
2019 2021

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Risk Management / CIS Evolution
Discover Prioritize Act
Env Aggregation Prioritization Action Measurement
Vulnerability Severity Mitigation Controls
Enhancement of
threshold
Mitigation Controls
Vulnerability Severity Mitigation Controls,
Acceptance, Marking as
false positive
Mean Time to
Resolution
Master (ahead of
production)
Master (ahead of
production)
Inspired by The vulnerability management framework, https://github.com/franksec42/Vulnerability-management-maturity
Vulnerability Severity
Contextual
Information
Mitigation Controls,
Acceptance, Marking as
false positive
Mean Time to
Resolution
(Base)-Image Lifetime
Real-time
Production
Testing

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Cluster Components/Layers
Application
Container Operating System
(Host Operating System)

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Patching, a solved issue raises
t
Build
Vulnerability
Discovered
Patch
Published
Start
Container
Build
Run Container

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DevSecOps Test Journey
2017 2018 2020
Dependency Check with Jenkins-Plugin
Image Lifetime
Dependency Check
Dependency Check on Production Images (kustomize + grep)
Dependency Check (master) with DefectDojo
2019 2021

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Images
BaseImage-Layer1
BaseImage-Layer2
BaseImage-Layer3
Project Layer

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Image Build Date
BaseImage-Layer1
BaseImage-Layer2
BaseImage-Layer3
Project Layer Build: 2021-07-01
Build: 2021-03-01
Build: 2021-01-01
Build: 2020-11-01

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ImageLifetime Scan
BaseImage-Layer1
BaseImage-Layer2
BaseImage-Layer3
Project Layer Build: 2021-07-01
Build: 2021-03-01
Build: 2021-01-01
Build: 2020-11-01
Image Lifetime

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DevSecOps Test Journey
2017 2018 2020
Dependency Check with Jenkins-Plugin
Image Lifetime
Distroless
Dependency Check
Dependency Check on Production Images (kustomize + grep)
Dependency Check (master) with DefectDojo
2019 2021

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DevSecOps Test Journey
2017 2018 2020
Dependency Check with Jenkins-Plugin
Image Lifetime
Distroless
Dependency Check
Dependency Check on Production Images (kustomize + grep)
Dependency Check (master) with DefectDojo
Root
2019 2021

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DevSecOps Test Journey
2017 2018 2020
Dependency Check with Jenkins-Plugin
Image Lifetime
Distroless
Dependency Check
Dependency Check on Production Images (kustomize + grep)
Dependency Check (master) with DefectDojo
Base Image Lifetime
Root
2019 2021

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ImageLifetime Scan
BaseImage-Layer1
BaseImage-Layer2
BaseImage-Layer3
Project Layer Build: 2021-07-01
Build: 2021-03-01
Build: 2021-01-01
Build: 2020-11-01
Image Lifetime
BaseImage Lifetime

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BaseImageLifetime Scan
BaseImage-Layer1
BaseImage-Layer2
BaseImage-Layer3
Project Layer Build: 2021-07-01
Build: 2021-03-01
Build: 2021-01-01
Build: 2020-11-01
Image Lifetime
BaseImage Lifetime
Official Distribution Image Build: 2020-02-01

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BaseImageLifetime Scan
BaseImage-Layer1 yum update
BaseImage-Layer2
BaseImage-Layer3
Project Layer Build: 2021-07-01
Build: 2021-03-01
Build: 2021-01-01
Build: 2020-11-01
Image Lifetime
BaseImage Lifetime
Official Distribution Image Build: 2020-02-01

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DevSecOps Test Journey
2017 2018 2020
Dependency Check with Jenkins-Plugin
Image Lifetime
Distroless
Dependency Check
Dependency Check on Production Images (kustomize + grep)
Dependency Check (master) with DefectDojo
Base Image Lifetime
Root
2019 2021
New Version

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Risk Management / CIS Evolution
Discover Prioritize Act
Env Aggregation Prioritization Action Measurement
Vulnerability Severity Mitigation Controls
Enhancement of
threshold
Mitigation Controls
Vulnerability Severity Mitigation Controls,
Acceptance, Marking as
false positive
Mean Time to
Resolution
Master (ahead of
production)
Master (ahead of
production)
Inspired by The vulnerability management framework, https://github.com/franksec42/Vulnerability-management-maturity
Vulnerability Severity
Contextual
Information
Mitigation Controls,
Acceptance, Marking as
false positive
Mean Time to
Resolution
(Base)-Image Lifetime
Real-time
Production
Testing

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DevSecOps Test Journey
2017 2018 2020
Dependency Check with Jenkins-Plugin
Image Lifetime
Distroless
Dependency Check
Dependency Check on Production Images (kustomize + grep)
Dependency Check (master) with DefectDojo
Base Image Lifetime
Root
2019 2021
New Version
Malware

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DevSecOps Test Journey
2017 2018 2020
Dependency Check with Jenkins-Plugin
Image Lifetime
Distroless
Dependency Check
Dependency Check on Production Images (kustomize + grep)
Dependency Check (master) with DefectDojo
Base Image Lifetime
Root
2019 2021
New Version
Malware
Dependency Track
2022

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Risk Management / CIS Evolution
Discover Prioritize Act
Env Aggregation Prioritization Action Measurement
Vulnerability Severity Mitigation Controls
Enhancement of
threshold
Mitigation Controls
Vulnerability Severity Mitigation Controls,
Acceptance, Marking as
false positive
Mean Time to
Resolution
Master (ahead of
production)
Master (ahead of
production)
Inspired by The vulnerability management framework, https://github.com/franksec42/Vulnerability-management-maturity
Vulnerability Severity
Contextual
Information
Mitigation Controls,
Acceptance, Marking as
false positive
Mean Time to
Resolution
(Base)-Image Lifetime
Real-time
Production
Testing

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Software Inventory
Answers: Which components/versions are we
using (in our components/images)
Performs vulnerability scans
Software Inventory

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Gathering SBOM
● Build time with a package manager analyser /
plugin (cdxgen)
● Post-build: Image analysis (syft)

45. Implementation: Simple
Upload bom.syft.json to
Dependency Track
Upload vuln. to
DefectDojo
Create SBOM
Put /bom.json
into image
Optional: Build
ClusterImageScanner
Generate full
bom.syft.json with syft
Contains /bom.json and
additional found components

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SBOM in Build
Exclusion of folders (e.g. with dependency-jars):
File in image /clusterImageScanner.yaml:
cluster-image-scanner:
sbom-analysis:
when-sbom-exists-exclude-from-scan:
- /app
- /usr/app
- /usr/src/app
- /var/www/html

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Risk Management / CIS Evolution
Discover Prioritize Act
Env Aggregation Prioritization Action Measurement
Vulnerability Severity Mitigation Controls
Enhancement of
threshold
Mitigation Controls
Vulnerability Severity Mitigation Controls,
Acceptance, Marking as
false positive
Mean Time to
Resolution
Master (ahead of
production)
Master (ahead of
production)
Inspired by The vulnerability management framework, https://github.com/franksec42/Vulnerability-management-maturity
Vulnerability Severity
Contextual
Information
Mitigation Controls,
Acceptance, Marking as
false positive
Mean Time to
Resolution
(Base)-Image Lifetime
Real-time
Production
Testing
Vulnerability Severity
Contextual
Information
Mitigation Controls,
Acceptance, Marking as
false positive
Mean Time to
Resolution
(Base)-Image Lifetime
Real-time
Production

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Slack Notification
Team communications
Channel #communications-security

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Routing: Contact Information
contact.sdase.org/email='k.panier@sda.se'
contact.sdase.org/slack='#fellowship-security'

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Conclusion
A patch policy is defined (indirect)
Automated PRs for patches (indirect)
Nightly build of images (indirect)
Usage of a maximum lifetime for images (indirect)
Usage of a maximum lifetime for
images (indirect)

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Conclusion
A patch policy is defined (indirect)
Automated PRs for patches (indirect)
Nightly build of images (indirect)
Usage of a maximum lifetime for images (indirect)
Usage of a maximum lifetime for
images (indirect)
Test of server side components
with known vulnerabilities
Test of virtualized environments (e.g. root, distroless)
Test for Malware
Test for new image version

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Cluster Scanner
+
DefectDojo

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Conclusion
The process is important
Vulnerability Management via OWASP DefectDojo

54. Thank you
Questions?
Contact clusterscanner@pagel.pro
Repo: https://github.com/SDA-SE/cluster-image-scanner/
Article:
https://medium.com/sda-se/discovery-of-known-vulnerabili
ties-and-inventories-for-modern-applications-fb8542555c0
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