Consumers
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The document discusses the components of a food chain, including producers, consumers, and decomposers. Producers, like plants, are organisms that can produce their own food through photosynthesis. Consumers cannot produce their own food and must eat other organisms for sustenance. There are different types of consumers, including herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and scavengers. Consumers are classified by their trophic level in the food chain, such as primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers depending on what organisms they prey on for food.
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I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter 1 - Nutrition in Plants, Science, Class 7
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SYMBIOTIC MODE OF NUTRITION
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Chapter - 1, Nutrition in Plants, Science, Class 7
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter 1 - Nutrition in Plants, Science, Class 7
INTRODUCTION
NUTRIENTS
MODE OF NUTRITION
CELLS IN LIVING ORGANISMS
SINGLE AND MULTI - CELLULAR ORGANISMS
HOW DO PLANTS PREPARE THEIR FOOD?
PROCESS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
ULTIMATE SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR ALL LIVING ORGANISMS
HOW DO PLANTS GENERATE PROTEINS AND FATS
OTHER MODES OF NUTRITION
PARASITIC MODE OF NUTRITION
INSECTIVOROUS MODE OF NUTRITION
SAPROPHYTIC MODE OF NUTRITION
SYMBIOTIC MODE OF NUTRITION
REPLENISHING THE SOIL WITH NUTRIENTS
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (Entrepreneur)
Energy flow
The document discusses energy flow through ecosystems. It notes that the sun is the ultimate energy source for most ecosystems, with photosynthetic organisms converting solar energy to chemical energy. While the total amount of energy remains constant, some is lost as heat during transformations based on the second law of thermodynamics. Energy flows unidirectionally through ecosystems from producers to primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers in a food chain. On average, about 10% of energy is transferred between trophic levels, so longer food chains have less energy available at higher levels. Various efficiencies like consumption, assimilation, and production efficiencies determine how much energy is lost or incorporated at each trophic level.
Photosynthesis powerpoint 1
Plants perform photosynthesis, which requires carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight. Through photosynthesis, plants breathe in carbon dioxide and water to produce oxygen and glucose using chlorophyll and energy from sunlight. This glucose is converted into food for the plant and building materials to allow it to grow.
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This document discusses cycles of matter and ecological succession. It describes the oxygen, carbon, and water cycles, explaining how photosynthesis and respiration drive the exchange of gases. It also outlines the process of primary and secondary ecological succession, where pioneer species establish communities that over time develop into a climax ecosystem. Human impacts like burning fossil fuels and deforestation disrupt these natural cycles.
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- Primary productivity refers to the production of organic compounds by primary producers like plants through photosynthesis. It is measured as the energy or biomass produced per unit area and time.
- Gross primary productivity is the total amount of organic compounds produced by primary producers before accounting for their respiration. Net primary productivity is the amount remaining after respiration.
- Secondary productivity refers to the production of new biomass by heterotrophs at the consumer trophic levels through consumption and digestion of primary producers and other organisms.
Photosynthesis
Plants that live in dry desert climates have several key adaptations for conserving water, including thick waxy leaf coverings, deep roots, and extensive shallow roots. During photosynthesis, chloroplasts in plant cells absorb sunlight and use it to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen through a process that produces food for the plant. Photosynthesis is essential for all life as it provides the oxygen and food on which animals depend.
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Chapter - 1, Nutrition in Plants, Science, Class 7
Chapter - 1, Nutrition in Plants, Science, Class 7
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Three key nutrient cycles - water, carbon, and nitrogen - allow organisms to obtain needed nutrients. The water cycle is driven by the sun and involves evaporation from bodies of water and transpiration from plants, condensation in the atmosphere, and precipitation back to the ground. The carbon cycle moves carbon between living things and the atmosphere, with photosynthesis fixing carbon and respiration releasing it. Nitrogen gas makes up 80% of the atmosphere but is not directly usable, so bacteria play a crucial role in nitrogen fixation, making nitrogen bioavailable to plants through processes like nitrification and ammonification.
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This document provides an overview of the nitrogen and carbon cycles. It describes the key steps in each cycle, including nitrogen fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification for the nitrogen cycle. For the carbon cycle, it outlines how carbon is absorbed by plants through photosynthesis and released through respiration before being absorbed again in a repeating cycle. Various microorganisms and biochemical processes are involved at each step to transform nitrogen and carbon into different forms and recycle them in the environment.
Ppt Nutrient Cycles
The carbon cycle involves carbon dioxide being absorbed by plants through photosynthesis and converted into sugars, which are then consumed by animals through respiration and released again as carbon dioxide, completing the cycle. The nitrogen cycle transforms nitrogen between its gas and solid forms via nitrogen-
Decomposers
Decomposers are organisms such as bacteria and fungi that break down dead or decaying organisms and recycle nutrients in an ecosystem. They carry out the natural process of decomposition by releasing enzymes that digest dead matter and make nutrients soluble and available to other organisms. Examples of decomposers include fungi, bacteria, earthworms, flies, and wasps. Without decomposers, dead organic material would accumulate in ecosystems.
Ecosystems 3 Nutrient Cycle
Nutrient cycles describe the movement of nutrients through biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems. Nutrients are absorbed by plants and animals from the environment, enter the soil through decaying matter, and are recycled through uptake by plants, decomposition, and other pathways. The rate and pathways of nutrient cycling vary between biomes, with forests generally having slower cycling than rainforests due to differences in climate and litter decomposition rates.
Ecosystems
This document defines key terms related to ecosystems, including biotic and abiotic factors, producers, consumers, and decomposers. It describes the structure and functions of ecosystems, including energy flow and food chains/webs. Various types of ecosystems are classified, such as terrestrial (forest, grassland, mountain), freshwater (lentic and lotic), and marine. Specific examples like forest, desert, pond/lake, and ocean ecosystems are outlined, defining their biotic and abiotic components.
Food Chains
A food chain shows how energy is transferred between organisms in an ecosystem. All food chains start with the sun, as it provides the original energy. A food chain consists of producers like algae or plants that use sunlight, consumers that eat producers or other consumers, and decomposers like bacteria and fungi that break down dead organisms. An example wetland food chain is: sun -> algae -> copepod -> small fish -> salamander.
Producers, Consumers, And Decomposers
The document discusses the three categories in a food chain: producers, consumers, and decomposers. Producers, like plants, obtain energy from sunlight through photosynthesis. Consumers, like animals, eat producers or other consumers to obtain energy and include carnivores, herbivores, and omnivores. Decomposers, like mushrooms and worms, break down dead organisms and waste and return nutrients to the soil. All categories are interdependent in the food chain.
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ppt in science 3.pptx
The food chain describes who eats whom in the wild. Every living thing—from one-celled algae to giant blue whales—needs food to survive. Each food chain is a possible pathway that energy and nutrients can follow through the ecosystem.
For example, grass produces its own food from sunlight. A rabbit eats the grass. A fox eats the rabbit. When the fox dies, bacteria break down its body, returning it to the soil where it provides nutrients for plants like grass.
Of course, many different animals eat grass, and rabbits can eat other plants besides grass. Foxes, in turn, can eat many types of animals and plants. Each of these living things can be a part of multiple food chains. All of the interconnected and overlapping food chains in an ecosystem make up a food web.
Trophic Levels
Organisms in food chains are grouped into categories called trophic levels. Roughly speaking, these levels are divided into producers (first trophic level), consumers (second, third, and fourth trophic levels), and decomposers.
Producers, also known as autotrophs, make their own food. They make up the first level of every food chain. Autotrophs are usually plants or one-celled organisms. Nearly all autotrophs use a process called photosynthesis to create “food” (a nutrient called glucose) from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.
Plants are the most familiar type of autotroph, but there are many other kinds. Algae, whose larger forms are known as seaweed, are autotrophic. Phytoplankton, tiny organisms that live in the ocean, are also autotrophs. Some types of bacteria are autotrophs. For example, bacteria living in active volcanoes use sulfur compounds to produce their own food. This process is called chemosynthesis.
The second trophic level consists of organisms that eat the producers. These are called primary consumers, or herbivores. Deer, turtles, and many types of birds are herbivores. Secondary consumers eat the herbivores. Tertiary consumers eat the secondary consumers. There may be more levels of consumers before a chain finally reaches its top predator. Top predators, also called apex predators, eat other consumers.
Consumers can be carnivores (animals that eat other animals) or omnivores (animals that eat both plants and animals). Omnivores, like people, consume many types of foods. People eat plants, such as vegetables and fruits. We also eat animals and animal products, such as meat, milk, and eggs. We eat fungi, such as mushrooms. We also eat algae, in edible seaweeds like nori (used to wrap sushi rolls) and sea lettuce (used in salads).
Detritivores and decomposers are the final part of food chains. Detritivores are organisms that eat nonliving plant and animal remains. For example, scavengers such as vultures eat dead animals. Dung beetles eat animal feces.
Decomposers like fungi and bacteria complete the food chain. They turn organic wastes, such as decaying plants, into inorganic materials, such as nutrient-rich soil. Decomposers complete the cycle
Biotic components
The document outlines the biotic components of an ecosystem, categorizing them as producers, consumers, and decomposers. Producers are autotrophic organisms like plants that use photosynthesis to produce food from inorganic substances. Consumers include heterotrophic organisms like animals that obtain energy and nutrients by consuming producers and other organisms. Consumers are divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers based on trophic level. Decomposers such as fungi and bacteria break down dead organic matter from producers and consumers, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.
Energy flow in ecosystem
It is quite interesting to note that the only producer of food in the entire world is PLANT. All others are consumers, and depend only on plants to provide food to all the living organisms and species.
Chapter 3 - Ecosystem _ Biodiversity.ppt
The document discusses ecosystems and biodiversity conservation. It defines ecosystem and describes its key components like biotic and abiotic factors. It also explains ecosystem functions such as energy flow, food chains and nutrient cycles. Different types of ecosystems like terrestrial and aquatic are described. Threats to ecosystems include loss of biodiversity and habitat. The value of biodiversity is discussed along with India's biodiversity. Strategies for biodiversity conservation include both in-situ and ex-situ methods like protected areas, biotechnology, seed banks and the Svalbard Global Seed Vault. Challenges to conservation are also noted.
Our environment somen
This document defines key concepts in ecosystems, including producers, consumers, decomposers, trophic levels, food chains, and food webs. It also discusses abiotic and biotic components of ecosystems. Additionally, it covers two environmental problems - depletion of the ozone layer from chlorofluorocarbons and challenges of domestic waste disposal through methods like recycling, composting, incineration, and landfilling.
Ecosystem and its components
1. An ecosystem is defined as a community of living organisms (biotic factors) interacting with each other and their non-living (abiotic) environment.
2. The key components of an ecosystem include biotic factors like producers, consumers, decomposers and abiotic factors like air, water, soil, and sunlight.
3. Ecosystems function through energy flow, nutrient cycling, and interactions between organisms like predation and symbiosis. Ecosystem processes like photosynthesis and respiration are important for energy and nutrient exchange.
Dondoyano, glemefer
The food chain shows how organisms transfer energy by consuming other organisms. Producers like plants use photosynthesis to convert sunlight into chemical energy. Primary consumers eat producers, secondary consumers eat primary consumers, and tertiary consumers eat secondary consumers. All organisms eventually die and are decomposed by decomposers, recycling nutrients and completing the food chain. Disruptions to the food chain can impact populations if a food source disappears due to overhunting or overfishing.
ECOSYSTEM NOTES .pptx
An ecosystem consists of biotic and abiotic factors interacting with one another. Biotic factors are living organisms that can be classified as producers, consumers, or decomposers based on how they obtain food. Producers such as plants produce their own food through photosynthesis. Consumers including herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores obtain food by eating producers or other consumers. Decomposers like fungi and bacteria break down dead organisms and waste.
Energy flow in ecosystem
1) Energy from the sun powers photosynthesis in green plants, which convert carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into glucose.
2) This chemical energy from glucose is transferred through ecosystems as organisms eat each other, forming food chains.
3) Producers like plants capture energy from the sun which is then consumed by primary consumers like herbivores, and passed up through secondary and tertiary consumers in a trophic pyramid, with decomposers recycling nutrients.
Producer and Consumers
This document outlines the key producers and consumers in ecosystems. Primary producers, including photoautotrophs like plants and algae that perform photosynthesis, and chemoautotrophs in hydrothermal vents, produce their own food. Consumers are heterotrophs that obtain energy by eating other organisms, filling roles like carnivores, scavengers, decomposers that break down dead material, detritivores that feed on detritus, herbivores that eat plants, and omnivores with a varied diet.
Food chain and webs
The document defines the basic structure and components of a food chain. It explains that a food chain involves producers, primary consumers that eat producers, secondary consumers that eat primary consumers, and sometimes tertiary consumers. Producers are organisms like plants that produce their own food, while consumers eat other organisms and can be herbivores, carnivores, or omnivores. Energy flows through a food chain from producers to various consumer levels in a linear pathway.
Food_web_and_food_chains_period_1.pdf
This document discusses food chains and food webs. A food chain is a sequence of organisms where each uses the next lower member as a food source. Plants are primary producers that create their own food through photosynthesis. Animals are consumers that eat plants or other animals for energy. Herbivores eat plants, carnivores eat animals, omnivores eat plants and animals, and detritivores eat dead materials. A food web is an interlocking pattern of multiple food chains within an ecosystem.
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This document discusses applied crop ecology and ecosystems. It defines ecology and describes types of ecology like plant and animal ecology. It then discusses the history of ecology from Aristotle to Von Humboldt and their studies of plants and environments. The document outlines components of ecosystems like producers, consumers, and decomposers. It provides examples of ecosystems like ponds and grasslands. It also defines key terms like primary and secondary productivity and adaptations.
Food chain/food web/producers/carnivores/omnivores/decomposers/detritivores/e...
This document discusses energy and nutrient transfer through ecosystems. It explains that the sun provides energy to producers like plants and algae. Consumers, which cannot produce their own food, eat producers and are divided into primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels. Omnivores consume both plants and animals. Decomposers and detritivores break down dead organisms and waste, releasing nutrients back into the soil. Food chains show single-path energy transfers, while food webs illustrate the complex, interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem.
Ecosystems: Feeding relationships
Producers, consumers, and decomposers all play important roles in ecosystems. [1] Producers like plants and algae produce their own food through photosynthesis. [2] Consumers such as animals are heterotrophic and obtain carbon compounds by eating other organisms. [3] Decomposers including fungi and bacteria break down dead organic matter and release nutrients back into the environment.
Class 10-chapter-15-our environment
The document provides information on different types of wastes, ecosystems, and environmental issues. It discusses:
1) Biodegradable wastes such as food and paper break down naturally, while non-biodegradable wastes like plastics persist and can pollute the environment.
2) An ecosystem includes both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components that interact, along with food chains connecting producers, consumers, and decomposers.
3) Environmental problems arise from pollution and depletion of resources. The thinning ozone layer allows more UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface, increasing health risks, while waste disposal methods must account for different waste types.
Biotic Factors in an Ecosystem
Biotic factors are living components of an ecosystem that are categorized as producers, consumers, or decomposers. Producers, such as plants and algae, harness energy from sunlight or chemicals through photosynthesis to produce their own food. Consumers, including herbivores, carnivores and omnivores, obtain energy by eating other organisms. Decomposers like bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter and waste into simpler substances, recycling nutrients in the ecosystem.
Our Environment Class 10 Science Notes pdf
Class 10 Science Notes on Our Environment, covering key topics like ecosystems, biodiversity, pollution, and conservation. Access concise summaries, diagrams, and explanations to ace your exams and deepen your understanding of environmental science.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
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This document outlines food chains and food webs within an ecosystem. It defines a food chain as the transfer of energy from one organism to another through consumption. There are two main types of food chains: grazing and detritus. Food chains involve producers, consumers, and decomposers at different trophic levels. Multiple interconnected food chains form a food web. Ecological pyramids illustrate the biomass, numbers, or energy at each trophic level and typically have a pyramid shape.
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This document discusses food chains and food webs within an ecosystem. It defines a food chain as the transfer of energy from producers to consumers. Producers, like plants, generate their own food while consumers obtain energy by eating other organisms. Consumers are divided into herbivores, carnivores and omnivores. Decomposers break down dead organisms, recycling nutrients. Multiple overlapping food chains form a food web. Ecological pyramids illustrate the trophic levels in a ecosystem from producers to top consumers, and can track numbers, biomass or energy at each level.
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