The Earth’S Crust #9 Soil
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Soil forms from weathered rock and sediment that has been mixed with organic matter from dead and decaying plants and animals. As compost from plant and animal remains mixes with rocks and minerals, it creates humus, making the soil dark and fertile. Soil provides nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium that plants need to grow. Different soils have varying structures and depths depending on their location, and a soil profile maps the different layers underground.
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Properties of Soil: Agricultural
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Investigation
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Made ADA compliant by
NetCentric Technologies using
the CommonLook® software
Key
Personal protective
equipment
(PPE)
goggles gloves apron
follow
link to
video
photograph
results and
submit
stopwatch
required
warning corrosion flammable toxic environment health hazard
PROPERTIES OF SOIL: AGRICULTURAL AND WATER
AVAILABILITY IMPACTS
Overview
Earth’s soil plays a major role in the world’s agriculture and has a
substantial effect on water availability in a given area. In this inves-
tigation, students will analyze the natural porosity and particle size
of soil samples along with the chemical composition and profile of
different soil types.
Outcomes
• Examine the properties of soil and their effects on agriculture
and water availability.
• Describe and identify soil horizons based on their chemical and
physical composition.
• Distinguish between the particle sizes of three different types of
soil: sand, silt, and clay.
• Determine the porosity of different soil types.
• Analyze soil samples for a variety of nutrients to determine soil
fertility.
Time Requirements
Preparation ....................................................................... 5 minutes
Activity 1: Particle Size Distribution and Determination of Soil
Texture
Day 1 ...................... 20 minutes, then let sit for 24 hours
Day 2 ............................................................. 30 minutes
Activity 2: Porosity of Different Soil Types ...................... 60 minutes
Activity 3: pH Test Comparison of Soil Samples ............ 30 minutes
Activity 4: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potash Test Comparisons of
Soil Samples
Day 1 ...................... 20 minutes, then let sit for 24 hours
Day 2 ............................................................. 60 minutes
2 Carolina Distance Learning
Table of Contents
2 Overview
2 Outcomes
2 Time Requirements
3 Background
10 Materials
11 Safety
11 Preparation
12 Activity 1
13 Activity 2
14 Activity 3
16 Submission
16 Disposal and Cleanup
17 Lab Worksheet
Background
Soil Horizons and Chemical Composition
The type of dirt that makes up the dry
surfaces of the earth has numerous effects on
humans and the environment, and vice versa.
Humans can modify the suitability of some
areas for agriculture based on prior land use.
The properties of soil also determine water
availability in a given area. Areas that contain the
most suitable soil for farming are often limited.
Certain properties of soil determine whether
an area is suitable for human activity. When
considering the properties of soil, its texture,
shape, particle aggregation, and suitability for
growth come to mind. These properties all play
a major role in determining the capability of an
area to retain water and air, which are necessary
f ...
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Physical properties of the soil
The Physical Properties of the Soil
Inckuding,
1. Soil Texture
2. Soil Structure
3. Soil Color
4. Soil Density
5. Soil Porosity
6. Soil Consistence
7. Soil Temperature
Ch.6.less.3.how does using natural resources affect the environment
The document discusses natural resources and how they are classified. It defines renewable resources as those that can be replaced within a human lifetime, like plants, animals, and sunlight. Non-renewable resources cannot be replaced within a human lifetime, such as coal, oil, and metals. Reusable resources can be used over and over, like air and water. The document then discusses different types of soils, minerals, and rocks; how ecosystems can change due to natural events and human activities; and different responses of organisms to ecosystem changes like accommodation, extinction, and conservation methods.
Learner notes
This document provides an overview of soil, including its definition, formation, profile, components, types, properties, and human impacts. It defines soil as the organic and inorganic material on the surface of the earth that provides the medium for plant growth. The key factors that influence soil formation are climate, parent material, topography, biota, and time. The four main soil components are minerals, air, water, and organic material. Common soil types include sand, silt, clay and loam. Human activities like erosion, desertification, acidification, deforestation, and salinization can degrade soils.
Consumers
The document discusses the components of a food chain, including producers, consumers, and decomposers. Producers, like plants, are organisms that can produce their own food through photosynthesis. Consumers cannot produce their own food and must eat other organisms for sustenance. There are different types of consumers, including herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and scavengers. Consumers are classified by their trophic level in the food chain, such as primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers depending on what organisms they prey on for food.
Producers
Producers, such as green plants and algae, are organisms that can produce their own food through the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to produce oxygen and glucose. It occurs within chloroplasts in the leaves of plants, where the green pigment chlorophyll captures sunlight and converts it into chemical energy that fuels the rest of the food chain. Proper lab safety procedures must be followed when experimenting with plants and their pigments.
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Soil is the upper layer of earth that plants grow in and is made up of weathered rock, minerals, organic matter, water and air. It forms through geological and biological processes over long periods of time. Soil supports plant growth by providing nutrients, water and oxygen to roots and is vital for sustaining life on Earth.
Properties of Soil Agricultural and Water Availability Impa.docx
Properties of Soil: Agricultural
and Water Availability Impacts
Investigation
Manual
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Made ADA compliant by
NetCentric Technologies using
the CommonLook® software
Key
Personal protective
equipment
(PPE)
goggles gloves apron
follow
link to
video
photograph
results and
submit
stopwatch
required
warning corrosion flammable toxic environment health hazard
PROPERTIES OF SOIL: AGRICULTURAL AND WATER
AVAILABILITY IMPACTS
Overview
Earth’s soil plays a major role in the world’s agriculture and has a
substantial effect on water availability in a given area. In this inves-
tigation, students will analyze the natural porosity and particle size
of soil samples along with the chemical composition and profile of
different soil types.
Outcomes
• Examine the properties of soil and their effects on agriculture
and water availability.
• Describe and identify soil horizons based on their chemical and
physical composition.
• Distinguish between the particle sizes of three different types of
soil: sand, silt, and clay.
• Determine the porosity of different soil types.
• Analyze soil samples for a variety of nutrients to determine soil
fertility.
Time Requirements
Preparation ....................................................................... 5 minutes
Activity 1: Particle Size Distribution and Determination of Soil
Texture
Day 1 ...................... 20 minutes, then let sit for 24 hours
Day 2 ............................................................. 30 minutes
Activity 2: Porosity of Different Soil Types ...................... 60 minutes
Activity 3: pH Test Comparison of Soil Samples ............ 30 minutes
Activity 4: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potash Test Comparisons of
Soil Samples
Day 1 ...................... 20 minutes, then let sit for 24 hours
Day 2 ............................................................. 60 minutes
2 Carolina Distance Learning
Table of Contents
2 Overview
2 Outcomes
2 Time Requirements
3 Background
10 Materials
11 Safety
11 Preparation
12 Activity 1
13 Activity 2
14 Activity 3
16 Submission
16 Disposal and Cleanup
17 Lab Worksheet
Background
Soil Horizons and Chemical Composition
The type of dirt that makes up the dry
surfaces of the earth has numerous effects on
humans and the environment, and vice versa.
Humans can modify the suitability of some
areas for agriculture based on prior land use.
The properties of soil also determine water
availability in a given area. Areas that contain the
most suitable soil for farming are often limited.
Certain properties of soil determine whether
an area is suitable for human activity. When
considering the properties of soil, its texture,
shape, particle aggregation, and suitability for
growth come to mind. These properties all play
a major role in determining the capability of an
area to retain water and air, which are necessary
f ...
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Physical properties of the soil
The Physical Properties of the Soil
Inckuding,
1. Soil Texture
2. Soil Structure
3. Soil Color
4. Soil Density
5. Soil Porosity
6. Soil Consistence
7. Soil Temperature
Ch.6.less.3.how does using natural resources affect the environment
The document discusses natural resources and how they are classified. It defines renewable resources as those that can be replaced within a human lifetime, like plants, animals, and sunlight. Non-renewable resources cannot be replaced within a human lifetime, such as coal, oil, and metals. Reusable resources can be used over and over, like air and water. The document then discusses different types of soils, minerals, and rocks; how ecosystems can change due to natural events and human activities; and different responses of organisms to ecosystem changes like accommodation, extinction, and conservation methods.
Learner notes
This document provides an overview of soil, including its definition, formation, profile, components, types, properties, and human impacts. It defines soil as the organic and inorganic material on the surface of the earth that provides the medium for plant growth. The key factors that influence soil formation are climate, parent material, topography, biota, and time. The four main soil components are minerals, air, water, and organic material. Common soil types include sand, silt, clay and loam. Human activities like erosion, desertification, acidification, deforestation, and salinization can degrade soils.
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Consumers
The document discusses the components of a food chain, including producers, consumers, and decomposers. Producers, like plants, are organisms that can produce their own food through photosynthesis. Consumers cannot produce their own food and must eat other organisms for sustenance. There are different types of consumers, including herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and scavengers. Consumers are classified by their trophic level in the food chain, such as primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers depending on what organisms they prey on for food.
Producers
Producers, such as green plants and algae, are organisms that can produce their own food through the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to produce oxygen and glucose. It occurs within chloroplasts in the leaves of plants, where the green pigment chlorophyll captures sunlight and converts it into chemical energy that fuels the rest of the food chain. Proper lab safety procedures must be followed when experimenting with plants and their pigments.
Ecosystems, Lesson 1
An ecosystem is composed of both living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components that interact together. Biotic components include living or once-living parts, while abiotic components refer to non-living parts of the ecosystem. Ecosystems exist everywhere and are defined by the interactions between biotic and abiotic factors within a location.
Ecosystems, Lesson 2
An ecosystem is defined by the interaction between living and non-living factors. Living components are called biotic factors, while non-living components are called abiotic factors. Abiotic factors like sunlight, water, air, and soil affect biotic parts of an ecosystem by providing warmth, energy for photosynthesis, oxygen, nutrients, and habitats.
Ecosystems Lesson 3
This document discusses organisms, species, and some examples of microorganisms that can be found in an ecosystem. It provides the following information:
- An organism is any living thing, while a species is a group of similar organisms that can reproduce.
- There are macro-organisms and micro-organisms, with the latter being too small to see with the naked eye.
- Examples of micro-organisms that will be looked for include Cyclops, Daphnia, seed shrimp, water mites, roundworms, Paramecium, and caddisfly larvae.
The Earths Crust #2 Mineral Identification
There are six main characteristics used to identify minerals:
1. Color - Though color alone cannot identify a mineral, it can provide a clue. Minerals can come in multiple colors.
2. Crystals - The specific shape crystals form in can help identify minerals.
3. Hardness - Hardness is measured on Moh's scale and compares scratchability. Hardness can identify minerals.
4. Streak - The color a mineral leaves when rubbed on a surface, often different than its own color.
5. Cleavage and fracture - How a mineral breaks, either along smooth planes (cleavage) or with rough edges (fracture).
6. Luster - How light reflects off a
The Earth’S Crust #13 Saving The Soil
The document discusses several methods farmers are using to reduce soil erosion, including planting windbreaks, covering soils with straw, creating terraces, plowing across slopes, leaving fields fallow, and rotating crops. Rotating crops between those that add and remove nutrients helps replenish the soil without needing as much fertilizer. Leaving a field fallow periodically also improves soil health. No-till farming further reduces erosion by leaving crop residues on the surface rather than tilling them under.
Farming And Soil
Farming practices have increased food production but also have negative environmental impacts. The use of fertilizers and manure can cause unpleasant smells, pollution of rivers and lakes when they run off farms, and algal blooms that kill fish. Farming can also lead to soil erosion as crops are harvested and the soil is exposed, stealing nutrients and leaving topsoil vulnerable to being blown or washed away, costing millions of tons of valuable soil each year. Desertification is a risk if erosion and drought combine to deplete the soil.
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