Consumerism first emerged in the most advanced capitalist countries around 1750 and involved the mass production of goods to be sold to a broad population at low prices. This led to the development of mass consumption by the growing middle and working classes throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Key aspects of consumerism included the commercialization of social spheres like Christmas, the rise of consumer credit, and the development of consumer places such as department stores and shopping malls that encouraged fantasies and aspirations centered around purchasing goods. While consumerism was driven by mass production in its early stages, more flexible production and niche markets catered to multiple consumption-based lifestyles in late modernity.