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Constructing Knowledge
A New Take on Learning in Libraries and Archives




Ellen Gustafson, Naomi Herman-Aplet, and Shauna Masura
Steps Toward Inquiry
                                build to
                                construct knowledge

                        evaluate and
                        draw conclusions

                 interpret
                 for understanding
         plan and
         learn
  connect to
  prior knowledge
Inquiry in
Classroom Environments
● Connect to prior knowledge and individual interests

● Create a learner-centered environment

● Design concept-based not topic-based units

● Push students to think and wonder, not just memorize

● Acknowledge challenges, but
                          lean toward opportunities
Kids in Archives?!
● Contribute to authentic
  learning experiences
● Lifelong archives users &
  appreciators (both students
  and teachers)
● Opportunity with new
  National Common Core
  Standards
● Share sense of wonder and
  awe to an audience that gets
  it.
Image source Flickr: diegodiazphotography
Think Like a
Historian/Archivist
●   Constructivist Theory
●   What do historians do when they encounter primary documents?
     ○ Connect - Access background knowledge
        ■ Historical context
        ■ Information about form of text
     ○ Learn - Seek information to supplement background knowledge,
       research secondary texts. This is place for teacher instruction.
     ○ Interpret - Make connections between new information and
       background knowledge
     ○ Evaluate - Make judgements about the quality/provenance/limitations
       of text
     ○ Build - Form a new argument or advance knowledge or understanding
       of text
     ○ Interaction ultimately becomes background knowledge for the next text

Traditional lecture model only 1/5 of the whole process.
Build a Lesson
●   End goal first
●   "What do I want students to do/understand at the end?"
     ○ Understand difference between primary & secondary documents
     ○ Use a document as evidence in a written argument

●   In standards form:
     ○ RH.6-8.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary
         and secondary sources
     ○ RH.6-8.9 Analyze the relationship between a primary and secondary
         source on the same topic.
"While I’d struggle to tell you
 how I learn best, there is one
question that I’d always be able
  to answer enthusiastically:
What would you like to learn next?"
Guiding inquiry in informal
environments

 1. Drive at student interest

 2. Connect students with others

 3. Facilitate meaningful growth towards civic
    engagement
Interpret -- See Think Ask
See                        Think                         Ask

●   Only visual clues      ●   Educated guesses          ●   Identify information
●   Engaging for all           and observations              that would help them
    students               ●   Push to support with          better understand
●   Pick up more details       evidence from last            material
    when no pushed to          column                    ●   This can lead into a
    interpret              ●   Can be unsure, start          reference interview
                               sentences with "I
                               think..." or "Maybe..."
See Think Ask




Thomas Nast
Source: Library of Congress, http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2004665360/
Do!
● Provide opportunities for students to share and apply
  their knowledge
● "With what you now know about slavery and
  emancipation, what would you want to share with others
  who weren't here?"

● Provide opportunities for content creation:
  ○ Publications
  ○ Exhibits
  ○ Public critiques
  ○ Finding aids
What's Next?
Proclaiming Emancipation Family Day,
Monday, February 18 (Presidents' Day)
11-3 pm
Sign up!
Email me! naomiha@umich.edu
Participate!



More resources:
http://bitly.com/bundles/naomiha/2
Even more resources!
Callison, D. & Preddy, L. (2006). The blue book on
information age inquiry, instruction, and literacy. Westport,
CT: Libraries Unlimited.

Fontichiaro, K. (Ed.). (2009). 21st-century learning in
school libraries. Santa Barbara, CA: Libraries Unlimited.

Kuhlthau, C.C., Maniotes, L.K., & Caspari, A.K. (2012).
Guided inquiry design: A framework for inquiry in your
school. Santa Barbara, CA: Libraries Unlimited.

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Constructing Knowledge: A New Take on Learning in Libraries and Archives

  • 1. Constructing Knowledge A New Take on Learning in Libraries and Archives Ellen Gustafson, Naomi Herman-Aplet, and Shauna Masura
  • 2. Steps Toward Inquiry build to construct knowledge evaluate and draw conclusions interpret for understanding plan and learn connect to prior knowledge
  • 3. Inquiry in Classroom Environments ● Connect to prior knowledge and individual interests ● Create a learner-centered environment ● Design concept-based not topic-based units ● Push students to think and wonder, not just memorize ● Acknowledge challenges, but lean toward opportunities
  • 4. Kids in Archives?! ● Contribute to authentic learning experiences ● Lifelong archives users & appreciators (both students and teachers) ● Opportunity with new National Common Core Standards ● Share sense of wonder and awe to an audience that gets it. Image source Flickr: diegodiazphotography
  • 5. Think Like a Historian/Archivist ● Constructivist Theory ● What do historians do when they encounter primary documents? ○ Connect - Access background knowledge ■ Historical context ■ Information about form of text ○ Learn - Seek information to supplement background knowledge, research secondary texts. This is place for teacher instruction. ○ Interpret - Make connections between new information and background knowledge ○ Evaluate - Make judgements about the quality/provenance/limitations of text ○ Build - Form a new argument or advance knowledge or understanding of text ○ Interaction ultimately becomes background knowledge for the next text Traditional lecture model only 1/5 of the whole process.
  • 6. Build a Lesson ● End goal first ● "What do I want students to do/understand at the end?" ○ Understand difference between primary & secondary documents ○ Use a document as evidence in a written argument ● In standards form: ○ RH.6-8.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources ○ RH.6-8.9 Analyze the relationship between a primary and secondary source on the same topic.
  • 7. "While I’d struggle to tell you how I learn best, there is one question that I’d always be able to answer enthusiastically: What would you like to learn next?"
  • 8. Guiding inquiry in informal environments 1. Drive at student interest 2. Connect students with others 3. Facilitate meaningful growth towards civic engagement
  • 9. Interpret -- See Think Ask See Think Ask ● Only visual clues ● Educated guesses ● Identify information ● Engaging for all and observations that would help them students ● Push to support with better understand ● Pick up more details evidence from last material when no pushed to column ● This can lead into a interpret ● Can be unsure, start reference interview sentences with "I think..." or "Maybe..."
  • 10. See Think Ask Thomas Nast Source: Library of Congress, http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2004665360/
  • 11. Do! ● Provide opportunities for students to share and apply their knowledge ● "With what you now know about slavery and emancipation, what would you want to share with others who weren't here?" ● Provide opportunities for content creation: ○ Publications ○ Exhibits ○ Public critiques ○ Finding aids
  • 12. What's Next? Proclaiming Emancipation Family Day, Monday, February 18 (Presidents' Day) 11-3 pm Sign up! Email me! naomiha@umich.edu Participate! More resources: http://bitly.com/bundles/naomiha/2
  • 13. Even more resources! Callison, D. & Preddy, L. (2006). The blue book on information age inquiry, instruction, and literacy. Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited. Fontichiaro, K. (Ed.). (2009). 21st-century learning in school libraries. Santa Barbara, CA: Libraries Unlimited. Kuhlthau, C.C., Maniotes, L.K., & Caspari, A.K. (2012). Guided inquiry design: A framework for inquiry in your school. Santa Barbara, CA: Libraries Unlimited.