On 20 and 21 September 2020 a confirmatory referendum was held on whether or not to cut the number of Italian MPs. Where did the referendum come from and what were the steps of its approval process? What were the reasons that led to it? Which parties supported the Yes vote and which ones the NO vote? And Why? What happens
In modern legal systems, referendums allow citizens to participate directly in democracy.
one of the first theorists and supporters of the referendum was Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who considered direct democracy the only way to ensure the formation of the general will.
THE RULES OF PARLIAMENT: WHOEVER IS GOOD AT PLAYING BY THE RULES, WINS telosaes
The Parliamentary Rules of Procedure: what are they? Why are they for? What are the sources of the Parliamentary Rules of Procedure? It is essential for lobbyists to know the Parliamentary Rules and how they are actually applied. Mainly to determine when to lobby.
THE STATE OR THE REGIONS: WHO'S IN CHARGE telosaes
It's one of the most frequently asked questions. The challenge of clearly defining State and regional powers in matters of shared competence has come to a head while attempting to cope with the COVID-19 epidemic.
THE 2020 ADMINISTRATIVE ELECTIONS. THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE NEXT ROUND O...telosaes
The document summarizes the impact of Covid-19 on upcoming 2020 administrative elections in Italy. Due to the pandemic, elections scheduled for spring 2020 in several regions and over 1,000 municipalities were postponed to September by decree. Regional candidates across major parties are outlined for Veneto, Liguria, Tuscany, Marche, Campania, Puglia, and Valle d'Aosta. Measures will be taken to allow for safe voting over two days in September, with potential runoffs in October, amid debate over balancing public health and the tourism season.
THE MILLEPROROGHE WHAT IT IS WHAT IT CONTAINS AND CURIOUS FACTS ABOUT THIS OM...telosaes
The “Milleproroghe” is a Decree Law setting out “urgent measures on the extension of legislative. It is a piece of legislation postponing several already legislated deadlines and extending the validity of several provisions in expiration
FROM THE FIRST TO THE SECOND CONTE GOVERNMENT. DIARY OF A GOVERNMENT CRISIStelosaes
The first political phase of the legislature came to an end and another phase, underpinned by a new government majority, began.
But how did they get there? What are the main milestones that led to the birth of the second Conte Government?
Igor Munteanu, Executive Director, IDIS "Viitorul": Regulation of political p...IDIS Viitorul
The document discusses regulations governing political parties in Moldova, including constitutional provisions, the 2007 Law on Political Parties, and criticisms of the legislation. It analyzes advantages like public funding rules but also disadvantages such as restrictive territorial representation requirements and penalties for parties that do not meet electoral thresholds. The document argues some provisions conflict with European human rights standards regarding freedom of association.
The Jordanian political system is based on the separation of powers
(Legislative, Executive, and Judiciary).The Jordanian parliament consist of
two houses, the house of senate (75 members appointed by the king), the
house of representatives (150 members elected by people).
The government is responsible to the lower house, The Legislative power has
the right to monitor the performance of executive power and hold it
accountable. Yet, the executive authority has the right to propose draft laws
and to issue provisional laws in certain cases.
- The relation between the legislative and executive authorities
according to the constitution and House bylaw.
In modern legal systems, referendums allow citizens to participate directly in democracy.
one of the first theorists and supporters of the referendum was Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who considered direct democracy the only way to ensure the formation of the general will.
THE RULES OF PARLIAMENT: WHOEVER IS GOOD AT PLAYING BY THE RULES, WINS telosaes
The Parliamentary Rules of Procedure: what are they? Why are they for? What are the sources of the Parliamentary Rules of Procedure? It is essential for lobbyists to know the Parliamentary Rules and how they are actually applied. Mainly to determine when to lobby.
THE STATE OR THE REGIONS: WHO'S IN CHARGE telosaes
It's one of the most frequently asked questions. The challenge of clearly defining State and regional powers in matters of shared competence has come to a head while attempting to cope with the COVID-19 epidemic.
THE 2020 ADMINISTRATIVE ELECTIONS. THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE NEXT ROUND O...telosaes
The document summarizes the impact of Covid-19 on upcoming 2020 administrative elections in Italy. Due to the pandemic, elections scheduled for spring 2020 in several regions and over 1,000 municipalities were postponed to September by decree. Regional candidates across major parties are outlined for Veneto, Liguria, Tuscany, Marche, Campania, Puglia, and Valle d'Aosta. Measures will be taken to allow for safe voting over two days in September, with potential runoffs in October, amid debate over balancing public health and the tourism season.
THE MILLEPROROGHE WHAT IT IS WHAT IT CONTAINS AND CURIOUS FACTS ABOUT THIS OM...telosaes
The “Milleproroghe” is a Decree Law setting out “urgent measures on the extension of legislative. It is a piece of legislation postponing several already legislated deadlines and extending the validity of several provisions in expiration
FROM THE FIRST TO THE SECOND CONTE GOVERNMENT. DIARY OF A GOVERNMENT CRISIStelosaes
The first political phase of the legislature came to an end and another phase, underpinned by a new government majority, began.
But how did they get there? What are the main milestones that led to the birth of the second Conte Government?
Igor Munteanu, Executive Director, IDIS "Viitorul": Regulation of political p...IDIS Viitorul
The document discusses regulations governing political parties in Moldova, including constitutional provisions, the 2007 Law on Political Parties, and criticisms of the legislation. It analyzes advantages like public funding rules but also disadvantages such as restrictive territorial representation requirements and penalties for parties that do not meet electoral thresholds. The document argues some provisions conflict with European human rights standards regarding freedom of association.
The Jordanian political system is based on the separation of powers
(Legislative, Executive, and Judiciary).The Jordanian parliament consist of
two houses, the house of senate (75 members appointed by the king), the
house of representatives (150 members elected by people).
The government is responsible to the lower house, The Legislative power has
the right to monitor the performance of executive power and hold it
accountable. Yet, the executive authority has the right to propose draft laws
and to issue provisional laws in certain cases.
- The relation between the legislative and executive authorities
according to the constitution and House bylaw.
This presentation covers in depth knowledge about PLURAL EXECUTIVE SYSTEM.
Inclusive of - intro, plural executive system working in Switzerland, it's organisation, Types and many more topics on Plural Exec System
The document provides an overview of the political and administrative structure of the Philippines. It discusses the unitary presidential system and the three branches of government - executive, legislative, and judicial. It describes the structure and powers of each branch. The executive branch is led by the President. The legislative branch is a bicameral Congress consisting of the Senate and House of Representatives. The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court and includes lower courts.
COUNTRY REPORTON DOMESTIC REGULATIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN MOLDOVAIDIS Viitorul
This document provides an overview of political party regulations in Moldova. It discusses the key elements of Moldova's political transition since 1990, including the establishment of its multiparty system. It also outlines the institutional and legal framework governing political parties, including organizational rules, funding regulations, and conditions for registration and dissolution of parties. The document analyzes how parties function as organizations based on internal structures and democratic principles as prescribed in law.
- The document discusses the history and evolution of Ghana's parliament from its origins in the colonial era to present day. Key milestones included the introduction of elected representatives in the 1920s and increased representation and powers over time.
- The main functions of Ghana's parliament are outlined as lawmaking, financial oversight of the government, oversight of the executive branch, representing constituents, and facilitating deliberation.
- The duties of a Member of Parliament are described as including duties to the nation, constituents, and their political party. They are meant to legislate, advocate, and offer oversight on behalf of citizens.
- In conclusion, the document argues that MPs in Ghana do not adequately consult constituents or record votes, and recommends
ITALIAN REGIONS SEEKING FOR GREATER AUTONOMY: WHAT’S ALL ABOUT?telosaes
The Italian Constitution provides that the State may grant forms of greater autonomy to the Regions that request it. In the Cabinet's press release of 14 February 2019, we read:
the Minister for Regional Affairs and Autonomies, Erika Stefani "after the bilateral meetings with the Ministers concerned, presented the contents of the Agreements. The Cabinet took note of this and shared the spirit".
She is referring to the agreements between the Government and Veneto, Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna to grant the three Regions further forms and conditions of autonomy.
The document discusses Colombia's constitutional development since independence from Spain in 1810. It addresses key issues like the division of powers, the strength of the executive branch, and the role of the Catholic Church. The 1886 constitution established a strong presidency and guarantees civil liberties and freedoms. It underwent amendments over time, including establishing the National Front coalition in 1957 to end violence between Liberal and Conservative parties. Further reforms in 1968 paved the way for a transition from the National Front to traditional political competition.
Italian regions italian regions seeking for greater autonomy_telosaestelosaes
The document summarizes the process underway in Italy to grant greater autonomy to some regions from the central government. Three regions - Veneto, Lombardy, and Emilia-Romagna - have requested greater autonomy in areas like education, healthcare, and the environment. While the populist Lega party strongly supports autonomy, the 5-Star Movement is wary of reducing resources for poorer southern regions. Agreements have been signed but must be approved by parliament, which has caused delays. Other regions are now also considering requesting greater autonomy from Rome.
Liechtenstein is a constitutional monarchy where the Prince and democratically elected parliament share power. It has a two-party system dominated by the conservative Progressive Citizens' Party and the liberal-conservative Patriotic Union. The Prince serves as head of state and has extensive political powers, while the cabinet exercises executive power and the parliament legislative power. Citizens also have strong direct democratic rights through referendums.
- Canada has a parliamentary democracy with three branches of government: legislative, executive, and judicial. The legislative branch includes the Queen, Senate, and House of Commons. The executive branch implements laws and includes the Queen, Prime Minister, and Cabinet. The judicial branch applies laws independently.
- The federal government has three levels - the Queen as head of state, the Prime Minister as head of government, and Parliament which passes laws. Provincial governments have similar structures without the Senate. The Supreme Court is the highest court.
The document summarizes the role and powers of the President of the Republic of Italy based on the country's constitution. It outlines that the President is the head of state and institutions, a supervisory body above the traditional separation of powers. While not part of the executive, the President has various formal and informal powers, including appointing ministers, dissolving parliament, and using "moral suasion" to influence politics during times of weakness or crisis. The President is elected by parliament for a seven-year term.
The document proposes restructuring the branches and organizations of the Pakistani federal government to improve efficiency by clearly defining roles and responsibilities. It recommends reducing the number of ministries and organizations by privatizing some, transferring others to provincial control, merging duplicative entities, and liquidating unnecessary ones. The goal is to establish a tighter governance structure with 228 executive departments and autonomous bodies accountable for results.
structure of federal government of pakistanRahat ul Aain
The document summarizes the structure of the federal government of Pakistan. It outlines the three branches of government: the legislative branch including the Senate and National Assembly; the judicial branch headed by the Supreme Court; and the executive branch led by the Prime Minister and cabinet. It also describes the various ministries, divisions, attached departments, autonomous and semi-autonomous bodies that make up the federal government administration.
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH: PHILIPPINE PARTY LIST SYSTEMjundumaug1
The document summarizes key aspects of the party-list system for electing representatives to the House of Representatives in the Philippines. It describes how the system aims to provide representation for marginalized groups. Registered national, regional, or sectoral parties and organizations can participate by fielding nominees who must meet certain qualifications. The number of seats allocated is 20% of the total House seats. Voters cast two votes, one for a district representative and one for a party-list. Seats are allocated based on the percentage of the nationwide vote each party receives. Party-list representatives have the same rights and terms as district representatives.
The Philippine government is divided into three branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Each branch has checks and balances on the others to maintain separation of powers. The legislative branch enacts laws and has the power to impeach officials. The executive branch implements laws and can declare martial law. The judicial branch interprets laws and can determine if other branches abused their powers. Officials must meet qualifications for their branch and can be impeached for crimes like corruption or betrayal of public trust.
The document summarizes key aspects of Colombia's constitutional development since independence from Spain in 1810. It discusses three main constitutional issues: the division of powers between central and regional government, the strength of the chief executive, and the relationship between church and state. It outlines amendments over time that have established checks on presidential power during emergencies, guaranteed civil liberties and political rights, and regulated cooperation between the government and Catholic church.
The document summarizes key aspects of Colombia's governmental system as established in its constitutions since independence from Spain in 1810. It discusses three main constitutional issues: the division of powers between central and regional government, the strength of the chief executive, and the role of the Roman Catholic Church. It provides details on the evolution of presidential powers, including during states of emergency, and the relationship between church and state.
This document discusses the relationship between different levels of government in India. It covers:
1) The central-state relationship in terms of legislative, administrative, and financial relationships as defined in the Indian constitution. The central government has control over defense, foreign affairs, and economic policy while states have control over areas like agriculture, education, and law and order.
2) The state-local relationship in terms of institutional, administrative, technical, and financial control exercised by states over local bodies. This control is meant to ensure local bodies operate within the law and achieve their goals.
3) Different techniques states use to control local bodies including powers of inspection, dissolution, suspension of resolutions/works, and removal of leaders
Microsoft Power Point Mafikeng Leadership Committee Presents Role Players I...fred fred
karabo wanted to understand how the government works and how all the different people operate. these slides are to give him the opportunity to learn and to question more what he is learning
On 19 September 2006, the Royal Thai Armed Forces staged a coup d'état against then prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra, abrogated the 1997 constitution and formed a junta called Council for Democratic Reform (CDR). The 2006 interim constitution was then promulgated by King Bhumibol Adulyadej upon advice of the CDR leader, General Sonthi Boonyaratglin. The interim constitution established a Constitutional Convention (CC) and charged it with the duty to draft a new constitution before presenting the draft to the National Legislative Assembly (NLA), a legislature replacing the National Assembly abrogated by the CDR.[1] The CC set up a constituent committee to draw up the draft. The committee consisted of thirty five members, of whom 25 were selected by the CC itself and the other 10 were selected by the CC upon advice of the CDR.
27 July 2022 the Senate Assembly passed a reform of its Rules with 210 votes in favour, 11 against and 2 abstained votes. There will be only 200 Senators in the 19th Legislature, instead of 315, and in the Chamber, 400 Deputies rather than 630.
This document provides an overview of the legislative process in the UK. It discusses where legislation comes from, including government bills introduced by ministers and private members' bills introduced by individual members. It also outlines the different types of legislation and how interested parties can influence the process, such as through consultation on government bills or raising the profile of an issue with a private members' bill. The legislative process involves bills passing through both the House of Commons and House of Lords before receiving royal assent to become an act of parliament.
This presentation covers in depth knowledge about PLURAL EXECUTIVE SYSTEM.
Inclusive of - intro, plural executive system working in Switzerland, it's organisation, Types and many more topics on Plural Exec System
The document provides an overview of the political and administrative structure of the Philippines. It discusses the unitary presidential system and the three branches of government - executive, legislative, and judicial. It describes the structure and powers of each branch. The executive branch is led by the President. The legislative branch is a bicameral Congress consisting of the Senate and House of Representatives. The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court and includes lower courts.
COUNTRY REPORTON DOMESTIC REGULATIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN MOLDOVAIDIS Viitorul
This document provides an overview of political party regulations in Moldova. It discusses the key elements of Moldova's political transition since 1990, including the establishment of its multiparty system. It also outlines the institutional and legal framework governing political parties, including organizational rules, funding regulations, and conditions for registration and dissolution of parties. The document analyzes how parties function as organizations based on internal structures and democratic principles as prescribed in law.
- The document discusses the history and evolution of Ghana's parliament from its origins in the colonial era to present day. Key milestones included the introduction of elected representatives in the 1920s and increased representation and powers over time.
- The main functions of Ghana's parliament are outlined as lawmaking, financial oversight of the government, oversight of the executive branch, representing constituents, and facilitating deliberation.
- The duties of a Member of Parliament are described as including duties to the nation, constituents, and their political party. They are meant to legislate, advocate, and offer oversight on behalf of citizens.
- In conclusion, the document argues that MPs in Ghana do not adequately consult constituents or record votes, and recommends
ITALIAN REGIONS SEEKING FOR GREATER AUTONOMY: WHAT’S ALL ABOUT?telosaes
The Italian Constitution provides that the State may grant forms of greater autonomy to the Regions that request it. In the Cabinet's press release of 14 February 2019, we read:
the Minister for Regional Affairs and Autonomies, Erika Stefani "after the bilateral meetings with the Ministers concerned, presented the contents of the Agreements. The Cabinet took note of this and shared the spirit".
She is referring to the agreements between the Government and Veneto, Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna to grant the three Regions further forms and conditions of autonomy.
The document discusses Colombia's constitutional development since independence from Spain in 1810. It addresses key issues like the division of powers, the strength of the executive branch, and the role of the Catholic Church. The 1886 constitution established a strong presidency and guarantees civil liberties and freedoms. It underwent amendments over time, including establishing the National Front coalition in 1957 to end violence between Liberal and Conservative parties. Further reforms in 1968 paved the way for a transition from the National Front to traditional political competition.
Italian regions italian regions seeking for greater autonomy_telosaestelosaes
The document summarizes the process underway in Italy to grant greater autonomy to some regions from the central government. Three regions - Veneto, Lombardy, and Emilia-Romagna - have requested greater autonomy in areas like education, healthcare, and the environment. While the populist Lega party strongly supports autonomy, the 5-Star Movement is wary of reducing resources for poorer southern regions. Agreements have been signed but must be approved by parliament, which has caused delays. Other regions are now also considering requesting greater autonomy from Rome.
Liechtenstein is a constitutional monarchy where the Prince and democratically elected parliament share power. It has a two-party system dominated by the conservative Progressive Citizens' Party and the liberal-conservative Patriotic Union. The Prince serves as head of state and has extensive political powers, while the cabinet exercises executive power and the parliament legislative power. Citizens also have strong direct democratic rights through referendums.
- Canada has a parliamentary democracy with three branches of government: legislative, executive, and judicial. The legislative branch includes the Queen, Senate, and House of Commons. The executive branch implements laws and includes the Queen, Prime Minister, and Cabinet. The judicial branch applies laws independently.
- The federal government has three levels - the Queen as head of state, the Prime Minister as head of government, and Parliament which passes laws. Provincial governments have similar structures without the Senate. The Supreme Court is the highest court.
The document summarizes the role and powers of the President of the Republic of Italy based on the country's constitution. It outlines that the President is the head of state and institutions, a supervisory body above the traditional separation of powers. While not part of the executive, the President has various formal and informal powers, including appointing ministers, dissolving parliament, and using "moral suasion" to influence politics during times of weakness or crisis. The President is elected by parliament for a seven-year term.
The document proposes restructuring the branches and organizations of the Pakistani federal government to improve efficiency by clearly defining roles and responsibilities. It recommends reducing the number of ministries and organizations by privatizing some, transferring others to provincial control, merging duplicative entities, and liquidating unnecessary ones. The goal is to establish a tighter governance structure with 228 executive departments and autonomous bodies accountable for results.
structure of federal government of pakistanRahat ul Aain
The document summarizes the structure of the federal government of Pakistan. It outlines the three branches of government: the legislative branch including the Senate and National Assembly; the judicial branch headed by the Supreme Court; and the executive branch led by the Prime Minister and cabinet. It also describes the various ministries, divisions, attached departments, autonomous and semi-autonomous bodies that make up the federal government administration.
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH: PHILIPPINE PARTY LIST SYSTEMjundumaug1
The document summarizes key aspects of the party-list system for electing representatives to the House of Representatives in the Philippines. It describes how the system aims to provide representation for marginalized groups. Registered national, regional, or sectoral parties and organizations can participate by fielding nominees who must meet certain qualifications. The number of seats allocated is 20% of the total House seats. Voters cast two votes, one for a district representative and one for a party-list. Seats are allocated based on the percentage of the nationwide vote each party receives. Party-list representatives have the same rights and terms as district representatives.
The Philippine government is divided into three branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Each branch has checks and balances on the others to maintain separation of powers. The legislative branch enacts laws and has the power to impeach officials. The executive branch implements laws and can declare martial law. The judicial branch interprets laws and can determine if other branches abused their powers. Officials must meet qualifications for their branch and can be impeached for crimes like corruption or betrayal of public trust.
The document summarizes key aspects of Colombia's constitutional development since independence from Spain in 1810. It discusses three main constitutional issues: the division of powers between central and regional government, the strength of the chief executive, and the relationship between church and state. It outlines amendments over time that have established checks on presidential power during emergencies, guaranteed civil liberties and political rights, and regulated cooperation between the government and Catholic church.
The document summarizes key aspects of Colombia's governmental system as established in its constitutions since independence from Spain in 1810. It discusses three main constitutional issues: the division of powers between central and regional government, the strength of the chief executive, and the role of the Roman Catholic Church. It provides details on the evolution of presidential powers, including during states of emergency, and the relationship between church and state.
This document discusses the relationship between different levels of government in India. It covers:
1) The central-state relationship in terms of legislative, administrative, and financial relationships as defined in the Indian constitution. The central government has control over defense, foreign affairs, and economic policy while states have control over areas like agriculture, education, and law and order.
2) The state-local relationship in terms of institutional, administrative, technical, and financial control exercised by states over local bodies. This control is meant to ensure local bodies operate within the law and achieve their goals.
3) Different techniques states use to control local bodies including powers of inspection, dissolution, suspension of resolutions/works, and removal of leaders
Microsoft Power Point Mafikeng Leadership Committee Presents Role Players I...fred fred
karabo wanted to understand how the government works and how all the different people operate. these slides are to give him the opportunity to learn and to question more what he is learning
On 19 September 2006, the Royal Thai Armed Forces staged a coup d'état against then prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra, abrogated the 1997 constitution and formed a junta called Council for Democratic Reform (CDR). The 2006 interim constitution was then promulgated by King Bhumibol Adulyadej upon advice of the CDR leader, General Sonthi Boonyaratglin. The interim constitution established a Constitutional Convention (CC) and charged it with the duty to draft a new constitution before presenting the draft to the National Legislative Assembly (NLA), a legislature replacing the National Assembly abrogated by the CDR.[1] The CC set up a constituent committee to draw up the draft. The committee consisted of thirty five members, of whom 25 were selected by the CC itself and the other 10 were selected by the CC upon advice of the CDR.
27 July 2022 the Senate Assembly passed a reform of its Rules with 210 votes in favour, 11 against and 2 abstained votes. There will be only 200 Senators in the 19th Legislature, instead of 315, and in the Chamber, 400 Deputies rather than 630.
This document provides an overview of the legislative process in the UK. It discusses where legislation comes from, including government bills introduced by ministers and private members' bills introduced by individual members. It also outlines the different types of legislation and how interested parties can influence the process, such as through consultation on government bills or raising the profile of an issue with a private members' bill. The legislative process involves bills passing through both the House of Commons and House of Lords before receiving royal assent to become an act of parliament.
The Rules of the Chambers are essential to ensure the proper functioning of the two Houses of Parliament and to define the decision-making processes. In 1971 the new parliamentary rules entered into force. Since that time, comprehensive reforms have been rare, whereas partial reforms have been more common. On 20 December 2017 the senators of the XVII Legislature approved a revision of the Senate Rules. This time, is it really different?
Parliament consists of the House of Commons and House of Lords. Bills are introduced and debated in both houses before receiving royal assent to become acts. There are several stages of legislative procedure including introduction, committee review, amendments, and debate. Criticisms of the law making process include complex language, over-elaborate acts, and a lack of scrutiny due to time constraints. Parliamentary sovereignty means acts passed by Parliament supersede all other laws, however this has been limited by EU membership and human rights laws.
The document discusses the amendment process of the Constitution of India as outlined in Article 368. It provides that amendments can be initiated by introduction of a bill in either house of Parliament. The bill must be passed by a special majority in each house and receive presidential assent. Some provisions also require ratification by half the state legislatures. The Supreme Court has ruled that amendments cannot alter the basic structure of the constitution. The document outlines the different classes of amendments and criticisms of the current process. It examines the scope of amendability and summarizes some major constitutional amendments that have been passed.
The voting system in Italy: majoritarian, proportional and mixed; electoral colleges, electoral thresholds, majority bonuses. We try to clarify the basic elements of the electoral laws since Italy became a Republic and why they have led to the recent ruling of the Constitutional Court regarding the Italicum.
the Legislative dept. LAC DemoTeaching.pptxjovellconde1
The document summarizes a legislative content and pedagogy integration session held on March 2-3, 2021. It discusses the roles and responsibilities of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives based on the 1987 Constitution. It also explains the difference between bills and resolutions, outlining the legislative process of how a bill becomes a law. Examples of recent bills and resolutions are provided and analyzed. The objectives are to differentiate the roles of Senate and House, understand the law making process, and create a proposed bill to help uplift local communities.
The legislative dept. lac demo teachingjovellconde1
The document discusses a legislative department training session that covered the roles and responsibilities of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives in lawmaking. It provides examples of bills and resolutions, explaining that bills are proposed laws while resolutions express principles or sentiments. The legislative process is outlined, from a bill's introduction and committee review, to debates and votes in both chambers, and final submission to the president. Key powers of Congress are also mentioned, such as impeachment, declaring war, oversight of the national budget, and more.
The document provides information about legislation and the legislative process in the UK. It discusses why new laws are needed, how Parliament makes laws through Acts of Parliament and delegated legislation, and the process bills go through to become Acts. It describes the roles of the House of Commons and House of Lords in creating legislation. It also outlines some criticisms of the legislative process and methods of controlling delegated legislation.
REFORM OF THE SENATE AND LEGISLATIVE FUNCTION: FROM THE CURRENT (ALLEGED) HYP...telosaes
The document discusses proposed reforms to the Senate and legislative process in Italy. Key points of the reform bill include transitioning the Senate to a "Senate of Autonomies" with reduced powers, reducing the number of parliamentarians, and revising the legislative approval process to give more power to the Chamber of Deputies. While critics argue the current bicameral system slows the legislative process, supporters note that laws can be approved quickly when there is political will and that rapidly passed laws may contain unintended consequences due to lack of review time. The document examines examples of both rapid and slow legislative procedures in Italy and their outcomes.
This document summarizes the process of parliamentary committee inquiries in Japan's Diet (parliament). It discusses how committees receive terms of reference to initiate inquiries, how they conduct investigations, and compares Japan's process to other countries. The summary finds that Japan's process lacks public reporting of inquiry findings and has low public inclusion. Party loyalty also hinders effective bipartisan work in committees, unlike other advanced democracies.
This document discusses constitutional amendments in India. It defines constitutional amendment and classifies constitutions as rigid or flexible based on their amendment procedures. It notes that the Indian Constitution's amendment procedure is neither as easy as the UK's nor as difficult as the US, making it a synthesis of flexible and rigid. The document outlines the three ways the Indian Constitution can be amended: by simple parliamentary majority, by special parliamentary majority, and by special parliamentary majority plus ratification by half the state legislatures. It provides examples of amendments that fall under each category and describes the amendment process and limitations in further detail.
REVEALING THE MYSTERIES OF THE DRAFT BILLStelosaes
The document provides an overview of the legislative process for drafting and passing bills in Italy. It explains that draft bills are proposals for new laws or changes to existing laws that are debated in Parliament. Draft bills can be introduced by members of Parliament, the government, regional councils, or citizens through a popular initiative. The bills are then assigned to committees for review before being debated and potentially passed by both houses of Parliament. If changes are made in the second house, the bill goes through another round of debate and voting. Approved bills are then published and signed into law by the President.
PARLIAMENTARY POLICY SETTING, FACT-FINDING AND SCRUTINY ACTStelosaes
In addition to its legislative function, Parliament also has other important functions such as that of policy setting and scrutiny of the Government’s activity, so Parliament must be aware of the activities performed by Government to assess if the latter is in line with its declared actions and objectives. Policy setting and scrutiny procedures are a prerogative exercised by each House and/or each MP.
The President does not have the power to refuse to sign a bill simply because he or she "doesn't like it". The President can only refuse to sign if there are doubts about the bill's constitutionality. In that case, the President can refer the bill back to Parliament to address the concerns. If Parliament does not address the concerns, the President can refer the bill to the Constitutional Court to rule on its constitutionality. If the Court finds the bill constitutional, the President must sign it.
Parliamentary groups have no legal definition. According to Rule 14 of the Rules of Procedure of the Chamber of Deputies, they are ‘associations of Deputies’ and ‘subjects required for the functioning of the Chamber.’
According to the doctrine, they are the projection, the reflection of the parties
in Parliament.
The document provides an overview of the legislative process in the UK Parliament. It explains that a bill first begins as an idea in a green paper before being drafted and introduced in Parliament. It then goes through several stages of debate and amendment in both the House of Commons and House of Lords before receiving royal assent to become law. The advantages of the system include allowing mistakes to be identified and addressed through multiple reviews and edits. However, the process can also become confusing due complex amendments and potential for bias in specialized committees.
Parliament is comprised of the House of Commons, House of Lords, and Monarch. It makes and passes laws, holds the government to account, and enables taxation. The governing party forms the government, which runs departments and proposes new laws. Bills are scrutinized by both Houses before becoming law with royal assent. Committees play an important role in scrutinizing legislation and policies in detail. Citizens can engage with Parliament through contacting their representatives, submitting evidence, visiting, and following committees.
On 25 September 2022 Italians voted for a new Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. The centre-right coalition won with an absolute majority in both Houses.This is the first time in Italian history that a woman has been the Head of the Government.
Il 25 settembre 2022 si sono svolte le elezioni per il rinnovo della Camera dei Deputati e del Senato della Repubblica. Ha vinto la coalizione di centro-destra, che ha raggiunto la maggioranza assoluta in entrambe le Camere. È la prima volta nella storia d’Italia che una donna è a capo del Governo.
Il 27 luglio 2022 l’Assemblea del Senato ha approvato, con 210 voti favorevoli, 11 contrari e 2 astensioni, la riforma del proprio Regolamento. I Senatori della XIX legislatura saranno 200, invece di 315, mentre il numero dei Deputati passa da 630 a 400.
Non esiste una definizione giuridica. Secondo il Regolamento della Camera (art. 14) sono “associazioni di Deputati” e “soggetti necessari al funzionamento della Camera”.
Secondo la dottrina sono la proiezione, il riflesso, dei partiti nel Parlamento. Svolgono però un ruolo ben preciso, perché sono un elemento imprescindibile al funzionamento delle Camere.
LEGGE ANNUALE PER IL MERCATO E LA CONCORRENZA Telosaes telosaes
La Legge annuale per il mercato e la concorrenza è stabilita dalla Legge 23 luglio 2009, n. 99. Dovrebbe avere cadenza annuale, ma fino ad oggi ne è stata approvata solo una. Perché? Le ragioni sono tante, ma la prima è la difficoltà di un accordo politico sui settori economici, su quali intervenire e su come farlo.
The annual market and competition law is set forth in Law 23 July 2009, no. 99. Although the Competition Bill is supposed to be tabled annually, only one Competition Law has been passed to date. Why is this? The reasons are many; however, the first is the challenge of agreeing politically on where and how to intervene.
LEGGE ANNUALE PER IL MERCATO E LA CONCORRENZA telosaes
La Legge annuale per il mercato e la concorrenza è stabilita dalla Legge 23 luglio 2009, n. 99. Dovrebbe avere cadenza annuale, ma fino ad oggi ne è stata approvata solo una. Perché? Le ragioni sono tante, ma la prima è la difficoltà di un accordo politico sui settori economici, su quali intervenire e su come farlo.
THE SEVERINO LAW WHAT IT SETS OUT, ACTUAL CASES, OPEN QUESTIONStelosaes
The so-called Severino Law (named after at-the-time Minister of Justice Paola Severino) introduces a comprehensive regime to fight corruption and foster transparency in the Italian Public Administration (PA). The Draft Bill was submitted in 2010by former Minister of Justice Angelino Alfano (IV Berlusconi Government). The Law was passed with a confidence vote by the government after a legislative procedure lasting two years.
LA LEGGE SEVERINO. COSA STABILISCE, CASI CONCRETI, QUESTIONI APERTEtelosaes
La Legge Severino introduce una disciplina organica per il contrasto della corruzione e la trasparenza della PA. Il Disegno di Legge fu proposto nel 2010, dall’allora Ministro della Giustizia, Angelino Alfano (Governo Berlusconi IV). La Legge è stata approvata con l’apposizione della questione di fiducia da parte del Governo, dopo un iter durato due anni.
The CONSOB (Commissione Nazionale per la Società e la Borsa is an Independent Administrative Authority that oversees the Italian financial markets in order to protect investors and ensure the market’s proper functioning.
La CONSOB è l’Autorità amministrativa indipendente che controlla il mercato finanziario italiano, per tutelare gli investitori e garantire il buon funzionamento del sistema finanziario
Cosa significa fare il lobbista? Cosa vuol dire occuparsi di public affairs? Dal dialogo interno e dalla collaborazione dei membri del Gruppo di Lavoro Public Affairs è nato un documento, redatto con grande cura e pazienza da AmCham, che riprendiamo e articoliamo qui.
What does it mean to be a lobbyist? What does it mean to work in public affairs? This internal dialogue and our collaboration with the members of the Public Affairs Work Group form the basis of a report which we quote and elaborate below.
The State General Accounting Department is the Institution that ensures the proper planning and rigorous management of public funds. It oversees state accounts. The State Accountant General, appointed by the government on the recommendation of the Minister of the Economy and Finance, is in charge of the Department. The organisational structure of the General Accounting Department is complex and connected to other institutions at both the central and local level. In 2019 the State General Accounting Department celebrated its 150 year anniversary.
È l’Istituzione che garantisce la programmazione corretta e la gestione rigorosa delle risorse pubbliche. è l’organo che controlla i conti dello Stato. È diretta da un Ragioniere Generale dello Stato. Ha un’articolazione complessa ed è integrata con le altre Istituzioni a livello centrale e sul territorio. Nel 2019 si sono svolti i festeggiamenti per la ricorrenza dei 150 anni dall'istituzione della Ragioneria.
La Corte dei Conti è un organo di rilievo costituzionale indipendente al quale la Costituzione affida importanti funzioni di controllo e giurisdizionali. Fu istituita nel 1862
The Court of Auditors is an institution of constitutional importance. As set forth in the Italian Constitution, it has key review and jurisdictional functions. It was established in 1862.
For Draghi, gender quotas are not the right instrument to close the gender gap. So, how do you ensure women have equal representation in both politics and in the labour market?
Secondo Draghi le quote rosa non sono lo strumento adatto a risolvere la disuguaglianza di genere. Ma allora, come garantire che le donne siano rappresentate tanto in politica quanto nel lavoro?
REGOLAMENTI PARLAMENTARI: CHI LI CONOSCE BENE VINCEtelosaes
Cosa sono i regolamenti parlamentari? A cosa servono? Qual è la loro fonte normativa? Per il lobbista è fondamentale conoscere sia i Regolamenti parlamentari sia la loro concreta applicazione. Soprattutto per capire quando fare lobbying.
#WenguiGuo#WashingtonFarm Guo Wengui Wolf son ambition exposed to open a far...rittaajmal71
Since fleeing to the United States in 2014, Guo Wengui has founded a number of projects in the United States, such as GTV Media Group, GTV private equity, farm loan project, G Club Operations Co., LTD., and Himalaya Exchange.
18062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
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16062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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19 जून को बॉम्बे हाई कोर्ट ने विवादित फिल्म ‘हमारे बारह’ को 21 जून को थिएटर में रिलीज करने का रास्ता साफ कर दिया, हालांकि यह सुनिश्चित करने के बाद कि फिल्म निर्माता कुछ आपत्तिजनक अंशों को हटा दें।
Why We Chose ScyllaDB over DynamoDB for "User Watch Status"ScyllaDB
Yichen Wei and Adam Drennan share the architecture and technical requirements behind "user watch status" for a major global media streaming service, what that meant for their database, the pros and cons of the many options they considered for replacing DynamoDB, why they ultimately chose ScyllaDB, and their lessons learned so far.
केरल उच्च न्यायालय ने 11 जून, 2024 को मंडला पूजा में भाग लेने की अनुमति मांगने वाली 10 वर्षीय लड़की की रिट याचिका को खारिज कर दिया, जिसमें सर्वोच्च न्यायालय की एक बड़ी पीठ के समक्ष इस मुद्दे की लंबित प्रकृति पर जोर दिया गया। यह आदेश न्यायमूर्ति अनिल के. नरेंद्रन और न्यायमूर्ति हरिशंकर वी. मेनन की खंडपीठ द्वारा पारित किया गया
Recent years have seen a disturbing rise in violence, discrimination, and intolerance against Christian communities in various Islamic countries. This multifaceted challenge, deeply rooted in historical, social, and political animosities, demands urgent attention. Despite the escalating persecution, substantial support from the Western world remains lacking.
Slide deck with charts from our Digital News Report 2024, the most comprehensive exploration of news consumption habits around the world, based on survey data from more than 95,000 respondents across 47 countries.
Christian persecution in Islamic countries has intensified, with alarming incidents of violence, discrimination, and intolerance. This article highlights recent attacks in Nigeria, Pakistan, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq, exposing the multifaceted challenges faced by Christian communities. Despite the severity of these atrocities, the Western world's response remains muted due to political, economic, and social considerations. The urgent need for international intervention is underscored, emphasizing that without substantial support, the future of Christianity in these regions is at grave risk.
https://ecspe.org/the-rise-of-christian-persecution-in-islamic-countries/
Federal Authorities Urge Vigilance Amid Bird Flu Outbreak | The Lifesciences ...The Lifesciences Magazine
Federal authorities have advised the public to remain vigilant but calm in response to the ongoing bird flu outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu.
projet de traité négocié à Istanbul (anglais).pdfEdouardHusson
Ceci est le projet de traité qui avait été négocié entre Russes et Ukrainiens à Istanbul en mars 2022, avant que les Etats-Unis et la Grande-Bretagne ne détournent Kiev de signer.
विवादास्पद फिल्म के ट्रेलर से गाली-गलौज वाले दृश्य हटा दिए गए हैं, और जुर्माना लगाया गया है। सुप्रीम कोर्ट और बॉम्बे हाई कोर्ट दोनों ने फिल्म की रिलीज पर रोक लगा दी है और उसे निलंबित कर दिया है। पहले यह फिल्म 7 जून और फिर 14 जून को रिलीज होने वाली थी, लेकिन अब यह 21 जून को रिलीज हो रही है।
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2. What is it?
On 20 and 21 September 2020 a confirmatory referendum was held on whether or not to cut the number
of Italian MPs, on the text of the constitutional law: ‘Amendments to Arts. 56, 57 and 59 of the Constitution on
reducing the number of members of Parliament’.
The law establishes that the number of MPs will be reduced from 945 to 600: 400 deputies (instead of the
current 630) and 200 elected senators (instead of 315).
3. This is not the first time an attempt has been made to cut
the number of MPs. For example, the Renzi-Boschi reform,
rejected in the referendum of 4 December 2016, would have
reduced the number of senators to 100. Yet this is the first
time since 1963 that a plan to reform the Constitution
reduces the number of MPs without changing the structure,
functions and electoral systems of the two Houses.
Prior attempts
Since 1963, when the number of MPs in the two
Houses was set at 630 for the Chamber of
Deputies and 315 (elected) for the Senate, the
only change in the composition of the Parliament
was introduced by L. 1/2000 creating the
Overseas Constituencies (12 deputies and 6
senators) without changing the number of MPs.
4. The origins of this referendum
The 2018 electoral programme of the Five Star Movement
(5SM) included ‘Cutting waste and costs in politics: 50 bn that
go back to the citizens’.
During subsequent negotiations between the 5SM and the
League, this particular point in their programme transformed into
a concrete objective: to cut the number of MPs.
This point was inserted into the ‘Contract for the Government
of Change’, signed by the 5SM and the League during their
negotiations for the government Conte I.
5. C
The cut in MPs gets to Parliament
The first to talk about ‘cutting the number of MPs’ was
Riccardo Fraccaro, then Minister of Relations with the
Parliament, who on 12 July 2018 during a parliamentary
hearing, put forth the hypothesis of reforming some priority
areas of government through a constitutional law, which
included the number of MPs.
6. C
Constitutional laws and
aggravated approval
The laws revising the Constitution follow an approval process
referred to as ‘aggravated’ approval:
• they are adopted by each house in two consecutive
resolutions at a minimum interval of three months;
• the second resolution must be approved by an absolute
majority.
Laws revising the Constitution may be put to
confirmatory referendum if, within three months of
publication, a request is made by one fifth of the
members of one of the Houses or by 500,000 electors
or by five Regional Councils.
7. The approval process in Parliament
The three constitutional draft
bills begin to be examined and
are later merged into one
single text (A.S. 214).
The Senate Assembly
approves the text in the
initial resolution with 185
votes in favour, 54 against
and 4 abstentions.
The text goes to the Chamber
of Deputies, where it is
approved without amendments
with 310 votes in favour, 107
against and 5 abstentions.
The confirmatory Referendum.
11july2019
The next Senate vote.
8oCTOBER2019
The last vote passed In the
Chamber with a new majority.
20-21sePtembER2020
10july2018
7february2019
19mAY2019
8. New Government
New Majority
On 20 August 2019 the yellow-green government
between the 5SM and the League ends and Prime
Minister Giuseppe Conte hands his mandate over to
the President of the Republic.
After 8 days, a new government is formed – Conte II – with a
new yellow-red majority between the 5SM, the Democratic
Party and the Free and Equal party.
One of the conditions of the M5S upon forming the new
government is to cut the number of MPs.
The Chamber votes in favour of the Constitutional draft bill on
8 October with a crushing majority: 553 in favour, 14 against
and 2 abstentions. A landslide.
9. What led to the Referendum
Less than two days from the expiry of the deadline,
71 senators submit a request for a confirmatory
Referendum to the Court of Cassation on the constitutional Law.
None of the senators of the Brothers of Italy or the Group
for the Autonomies sign the request.
The President of the Republic signs a decree
announcing that the Referendum will be held on
29 March 2020.
23 JANUARY 2020
The Court of Cassation decides that the
referendum question is legitimate.
A referendum will be held, but when?
10 JANUARY 2020
28 JANUARY 2020
10. and the postponing of the
elections: Election Day
Many objected to having a so-called ‘Election Day’.
Specifically: the Referendum Promotional Committee, the
Basilicata Region, Senator Gregorio De Falco (elected with
the 5SM, then switched to the Mixed group), +Europa submitted
four questions of inadmissibility to the Constitutional Court.
In their opinion:
• referenda and elections are different types of voting;
• the electoral campaign of the administrative elections risks
influencing electors’ judgement in the Referendum as well.
On 12 August the Constitutional Court decides that there are
no grounds for the questions submitted: ‘Election Day’ is
confirmed.
Telos A&S describes here how the Covid-19
emergency and the measures to contain the virus
influenced the 2020 round of elections.
What the government decides to do is to hold both
the administrative elections and the Referendum on
the same days.
The explosion of the pandemic
11. They have always been in favour of
reducing MPs and did not back the request
for a confirmatory Referendum.
The parties backing the YES vote
Cutting MPs is a priority. They promised their electors
they would do it and their criticism of representative
democracy has been one of the hallmarks of the 5SM
since the beginning.
Brothers of Italy
5SM
12. Why they back YES
Those in favour of reducing the number of MPs think this should
be done because:
• Italy stands out from the other main European Countries due
to its high number of directly elected MPs. For example, the
German electors directly elect the 709 members of the
Bundestag, 1 for every 116,000 citizens, whereas the Italians
directly elect 945 deputies and senators together, 1 for every
63,000 citizens;
• the fact that there are lots of MPs causes each of the Houses
to work less efficiently and makes the legislative process
longer;
• the reform backers estimate that this would allow the
government’s purse to save 500 million euros per legislature.
13. The parties backing the NO vote and the (important)
undecided parties
The smaller left-wing parties and others without many representatives in Parliament, like +Eur and Action have said NO.
The League’s and the PD’s attitudes are strongly influenced by the fact that both parties, because they have at different times agreed
to a majority contract with the 5SM, voted in favour of the reform, however without unanimous consensus within their parties to
reduce the number of MPs:
Party leader Matteo Salvini is in favour of a
YES vote. However, several other prominent
party members, like Giancarlo Giorgetti and
Claudio Borghi, have said they are against
it in view of the Referendum, even though
they voted in favour of it in Parliament due to
their group’s alignment.
These parties have left it up
to their electors to decide
how to vote, although their
stance is crucial.
They voted against the reform in the first reading,
then approved it in the final vote in the Chamber
of Deputies in order to comply with their agreement
with the 5SM, asking in return to reform the
electoral system to create one based on
proportional representation to balance the
distortions in representation in the Assemblies
generated by the reduced number of elected MPs.
14. Why they back NO: A less
• reducing the minimum number of elected senators in each Region
(except Valle d’Aosta, Molise and Trentino-AltoAdige) from seven to
three, the reform would drastically reduce the number of elected
senators in some small- to medium-sized Regions: around 40% in
Friuli-Venezia Giulia andAbruzzo and even around 60% in Umbria
and Basilicata. This would exacerbate imbalances in representation
between large and small Regions. What is more, the electoral
threshold for the election of senators in these regions would be
remarkably high. But the backers of a YES vote would respond that
the reform, still ongoing, remedies these critical issues because
senators will no longer be elected on a regional basis.
The NO camp believes that cutting MPs may jeopardise
democratic representation and the functioning of
Parliament:
• Since in Italy representation in the Houses is political
(not territorial), both Houses participate equally in the
making of laws and express confidence in the
government. In order to assess how representative the
Parliament is, each house needs to be considered
separately. According to this criteria, the current
representation quotients (1 deputy every 96,000 citizens
and 1 senator every 192,000 citizens) are not so
different from those of the other countries. However, the
(rather modest) quotients resulting from the reform would
be (1 deputy every 151,000 citizens and 1 senator
every 302,000 citizens).
representativeParliament…
15. a more efficient one
A smaller Chamber of Deputies and, especially, a smaller
Senate would not be more efficient. Quite the opposite,
the groups in parliament may no longer be able to cover
all the Standing Committees, meaning that each MP
would have to serve on more than one Committee.
What is more, in the Senate, where recent amendments to
its regulations have generalised the process giving the
Committees a legislative capacity, Committees made up of
a very small number of senators would find themselves
having to approve bills that would not even be examined
by the Assembly.
A more streamlined legislative process is obtained by
moving beyond the s.c. ‘perfect bicameralism’ or by
reforming the regulations of the two Houses, not by
reducing the number of MPs.
Simply cutting MPs would have no effect on the quality
and competence of the elected members. The quality of a
political class is determined by how that class is selected,
not by the number of MPs.
There would be less savings because the administrative
apparatus of the two Houses would remain.
... isn’t necessarily
16. What do the Italians think?
The latest polls
In the last 2 weeks before the referendum, publishing polls
is prohibited. Over the last few months:
• the percentage of people interviewed who knew about the
referendum increased from a measly 35% in July to a more
appealing 81% in the last survey (4 September);
• there was a slight change in the yes/no ratio from a
crushing 85% to 15% in July to a more balanced yet
eloquent 70% to 30% on 4 September;
• estimated turnout is around 50%. However, there is no
quorum for this referendum, so the results will be valid
even if turnout is less than 50%;
• an appeal to vote NO, initially backed by 183 constitution
experts and published on 24 August 2020 in the Huffington
Post, got over 500 signatures from among jurists and
other academics and backers.
17. has reason to celebrate
Surprisingly, the polls were right: YES won with 69.5%
whereas NO stopped at 30.5%.
Turnout was 53.4%, which is remarkable seeing as there
was no quorum requirement.
Despite this defeat, the political parties siding with the NO
vote saw the result as a triumph because they succeeded in
bumping up the percentage of NO backers from 15% to
30% in just a few weeks, for example:
• Action party leader Carlo Calenda stated
I believe that this referendum will create a lot more
rifts than we see today and that there is a pursuit of
representation and it is very strong.
• on Twitter the +Europa party claimed that
In just two weeks of campaigning, the NO vote recovered in
all the polls: a non-negligible portion of Italy didn’t take the
bait of populism, of the anti-politics and anti-parliament
frenzy. We’re proud of the results.
YES wins, but the NO camp also
18. Despite the YES victory, the cut in MPs won’t happen overnight.
We won’t see the new Parliament of 600 MPs until the next legislature.
In the meantime, the majority backing the current Government has presented two
important reforms to offset the negative effects of cutting MPs on democratic
representation:
• changing to a proportional electoral system, which has aroused criticism within
the majority itself (especially from Italia Viva);
• a new constitutional reform abolishing the election of senators in constituencies
geographically based on regions and reducing the number of Regional delegates
for the election of the President of the Republic.
The two reforms are being examined by the Parliament.
What happens now?