Constitution and Article Prepared by Sheeba M.S Asst.Professor in Education Christ Nagar College of Education Thiruvananthapuram

2.  The basic, fundamental law of a nation or a state which sets out
how that nation/state will be organized and the powers and
authorities of government between different political units and
citizens.
 When these principles are written down into a single document or
set of legal documents, those documents may be said to embody
a written constitution
 The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution of any
sovereign country in the world containing 448 articles in 25 parts,
12 schedules, 5 appendices and 98 amendments, with 117,369
words in its English-language translation,
while the United States Constitution is the shortest written
constitution, containing seven articles and 27 amendments, and a
total of 4,400 words.

3.  The Constitution of India is the
supreme law of India.
 It is the longest written constitution of
any sovereign country in the world.
 Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar is
regarded as the chief architect of the
Indian Constitution .
 Parliament cannot override the
constitution.
 It defines fundamental political
principles, establishes the structure,
procedures, powers and duties of
government institutions and sets out
fundamental rights, directive
principles and the duties of citizens.
Dr.B.R.Ambedkar
 The Constitution was adopted by
the Indian Constituent Assembly on
26 November 1949, and came into
effect on 26 January 1950.

4.  The Constitution was drafted by
the Constituent Assembly, which
was elected by the elected
members of the provincial
assemblies.
 The 389 member Constituent
Assembly took almost three years
(two years, eleven months and
seventeen days to be precise) to
complete its historic task of
drafting the Constitution for
Independent India.
 On 29 August 1947, the
Constituent Assembly set up a
Drafting Committee under the
Chairmanship of Dr. B.R.
Ambedkar to prepare a Draft
Constitution for India.
 Dr B.R. Ambedkar, Sanjay Phakey,
Jawaharlal Nehru, C.
Rajagopalachari, Rajendra Prasad,
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel,
Kanaiyalal Munshi, Purushottam
Mavalankar, Sandipkumar Patel,
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Shyama
Prasad Mukherjee, Nalini Ranjan
Ghosh, and Balwantrai Mehta.
 Sarojini Naidu, Hansa Mehta,
Durgabai Deshmukh, Rajkumari
Amrit Kaur and Vijayalakshmi
Pandit were important women
members.
 The first temporary 2-day president
of the Constituent Assembly was Dr
Sachchidananda Sinha.
 Later, Rajendra Prasad was elected
president of the Constituent
Assembly.

5. On 29 August 1947, the Drafting
Committee was appointed, with Dr B.
R. Ambedkar as the Chairman along
with six other members assisted by a
constitutional advisor.
Pandit Govind Ballabh Pant,
Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi , Alladi
Krishnaswamy Iyer , N Gopalaswami
Ayengar, B L Mitter , Md. Saadullah
and D P Khaitan
( B L Mitter resigned and was
replaced by Madhav Rao; Owing to
death of D P Khaitan, T T
Krishnamachari was chosen)
A Draft Constitution was prepared by
the committee and submitted to the
Assembly on 4 November 1947.
Draft constitution was debated and
over 2000 amendments were moved
over a period of two years.
Finally on 26 November 1949, the
process was completed and
Constituent assembly adopted the
constitution.
284 members signed the document
and the process of constitution making
was complete.
This day is now celebrated as National
Law Day.
The original Constitution of India is
hand-written with beautiful calligraphy,
each page beautified and decorated
by artists from Shantiniketan

6. The constitution had 448
articles in 25 parts and 12
schedules.
It consists of almost 1,17,369
words.
It consists of a preamble
The Constitution, in
its current form,
consists of
 a preamble
 25parts containing
448 articles
 12 schedules
 5 appendices
 98 amendments

7. b) Democracy believes in freedom
• It provides freedom to live, to
educate, to work, and to
pursueligious views.
c) Democracy believes in equality
d) Democracy believes in sharing
purposes and decisions.
Socialism
• It is a scheme of social
organisation, which places the
means of production and
distribution in the hands of the
community.
• By planning and fully utilizing all
the resources available in the
country, it seeks to provide
maximum benefit to all the people.
 Democracy
 Socialism
 Secularism
 Equality
Democracy
Democracy believes in the
following principles:
a) Democracy believes in the self
respect and dignity of the person.
• Fundamental Rights

8. Secularism
• The state has no official religion.
• The state is neither religious nor
irreligious nor anti-religious.
• The state gives constitutional
right to everyone to profess,
practise and propagate any
religion of one's choice.
• All citizens enjoy equal rights
and privileges irrespective of
religion, caste or creed.
Equality of opportunity
• Everyone is equal before law,
without any distinction of position,
race, colour, class, religion,
language, sex, etc.
• All persons are to be given equal
opportunity for getting education
and to enter into all walks of
social activities.
• women should be able to enjoy
the same status of men.

9. A statement at the
beginning of a
speech or piece of
writing, giving it's
reason and purpose.

10. PREAMBLE
WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into
a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure
to all its citizens:
JUSTICE, social, economic and political;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity;
and to promote among them all
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity
of the Nation;
IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949,
do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS
CONSTITUTION

11. The Preamble reflects the philosophy as well as
fundamental values of Indian Constitution. It clarifies four
important aspects :
 It mentions that the Constitution derives its Authority from the
people of India
 It declares India to be sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic
and republic country.
 It clarifies the objectives of the Constitution are Justice, Liberty,
Equality and Fraternity.
 It states the date of Adoption i.e., 26 November 1949

12. Sovereign :
• The word sovereign means
supreme or independence.
• India is internally and externally
sovereign - externally free from
the control of any foreign power
and internally, it has a free
government which is directly
elected by the people and
makes laws that govern the
people.
• No external power can dictate
the government of India.
Republic :
• As opposed to a monarchy, in which
the head of state is appointed on
hereditary basis for a lifetime or until
he abdicates from the throne, a
democratic republic is an entity in
which the head of state is elected,
directly or indirectly, for a fixed
tenure.
• The President of India is elected by
an electoral college for a term of five
years.
• The post of the President of India is
not hereditary.
• Every citizen of India is eligible to
become the President of the country.
• The leader of the state is elected by
the people.

13. Justice
The term 'justice' in the preamble
refers to three varying aspects -
Political, Social and Economic
which are secured through different
provisions of Fundamental Rights &
Directive Principles of State Policy.
Liberty
All the citizens are secured with
liberty of thought, expression,
belief, faith & worship through the
Fundamental Rights which are
justiciable in nature. However,
liberty does not mean freedom to
do anything, and it must be
exercised within the constitutional
limits.
Equality
This envisages that no section of the
society enjoys special privileges and
individuals are provided with adequate
opportunities without any
discrimination.
Fraternity
This refers to a feeling of brotherhood
& a sense of belonging with the
country among its people. It embraces
psychological as well as territorial
dimensions of National Integration. It
leaves no room for regionalism,
communalism, casteism etc. which
hinders the Unity of the State.
Objectives of
Preamble

14. pertaining to Education

15. Right to Education
 86th constitutional
amendment of 2002 inserted
this new article into the
constitution.
 It seeks to provide free and
compulsory education to all
children aged 6 to 14 years.
 Through the 86th amendment
the right to education has
been incorporated as a
fundamental right.
 If education is denied to a
child below the age of 14, he
can seek constitutional
remedy.
“ The state shall provide
free and compulsory
education to all children of
the age of 6 to 14 years in
such a manner as the state,
by law, may determine.”

16. Equality before law
 The state shall not deny to any
person equality before the law
or the equal protection of the
laws within the territory of
India.

17. Prohibition of
discrimination on
grounds of religion, race,
sex, caste or place of birth
 The state shall not
discriminate against any
citizen on grounds only of
religion, race, caste, sex,
place of birth or any of them.
No citizens shall, on grounds
only of religion, race, caste,
sex, place of birth or any of
them, be subject to any
disability, restriction or
condition with regard to –
access to shops, public
restaurants, hotels and places
of public entertainment. The
use of wells, tanks etc.

18. Provision for early
childhood care and
education to children
below the age of six years
 The State shall
endeavor to Provide
early childhood care
and education for all
children untill they
complete the age of six
years.

19. Promotion of educational
and economic interests of
scheduled castes,
Scheduled Tribes and
other weaker sections
 The state shall promote with
special care the educational
and economic interests of the
weaker sections of the people,
and, in particular, of the
scheduled Castes and the
Scheduled Tribes, and shall
protect them from social
injustice and all forms of
exploitation.

20. Right to minorities to
establish and administer
educational institutions
 All minorities whether based
on religion or language, shall
have the right to establish
and administer educational
institutions of their choice.

21. Right to work , to
education, and to public
assistance
 The state shall, within the
limits of its economic capacity
and development, make
effective provision for
securing the right to work, to
education, and to public
assistance in case of
unemployment, old age,
sickness and disablement,
and in other cases of
undeserved want.

22. Fundamental duties
 It shall be the duty of every
citizen of India to abide by the
Constitution and respect its
ideals and institutions, the
National Flag and the National
Anthem, to cherish and follow
the noble ideals which
inspired our national struggle
for freedom, to uphold and
protect the sovereignty, unity
and integrity of India, to
defend the country and render
national service when called
upon to do so, to promote
harmony and spirit of common
brotherhood, to value and
preserve rich heritage of our
culture

23. Fundamental duties
 To protect and improve the
natural environment including
forests, lakes, rivers and wild
life, and to have compassion
for living creatures. To
develop scientific temper,
humanism and the spirit of
inquiry to reform, to
safeguard public property and
to abjure violence, to strive
towards excellence in all
spheres of individual and
collective activity so that the
nation constantly rises to
higher levels of endeavor and
achievement.

24. Fundamental duties
 Amendment of article
51A
The following clause shall be
added namely, who is a
parent or guardian to provide
opportunities for education to
his child or, as the case may
be, ward between the age of
six and fourteen years.

25. Facilities of instruction in
mother tongue at primary
stage
 It shall be the endeavor of
every state and every local
authority within the State to
provide adequate facilities for
instruction in the mother-
tongue at the primary stage of
education to children
belonging to linguistic minority
groups, and the President
may issue such directions to
any State as he considers
necessary or proper for
securing the provision of such
facilities.

26. Directive for development
of the Hindi language
 It shall be the duty of the
Union to promote the spread
of the Hindi language, to
develop it so that it may serve
as a medium of expression for
all the elements of the
composite culture of India
and to secure its enrichment
by assimilating without
interfering with its genius, the
forms, style and expressions
used in Hindustani and in the
other languages of India
specified in the English
schedule, any by drawing,
wherever necessary or
desirable, for its vocabulary,
primarily on Sanskrit and
secondarily on other
languages.