The following code is an implementation of the producer consumer pro.pdfmarketing413921
The following code is an implementation of the producer consumer problem using a software
locking mechanism. Your tasks here require you to debug the code with the intent of achieving
the following tasks:
Task 1: Identifying the critical section
Task 2: Identify the software locks and replace them with a simplified mutex lock and unlock.
HINT: The code provided relies heavily on the in and out pointers of the buffer. You should
make the code run on a single count variable.
#include
#include
#include
#include
#define MAXSIZE 100
#define ITERATIONS 1000
int buffer[MAXSIZE]; // buffer
int nextp, nextc; // temporary storage
int count=0;
void printfunction(void * ptr)
{
int count = *(int *) ptr;
if (count==0)
{
printf(\"All items produced are consumed by the consumer \ \");
}
else
{
for (int i=0; i<=count; i=i+1)
{
printf(\"%d, \\t\",buffer[i]);
}
printf(\"\ \");
}
}
void *producer(void *ptr)
{
int item, flag=0;
int in = *(int *) ptr;
do
{
item = (rand()%7)%10;
flag=flag+1;
nextp=item;
buffer[in]=nextp;
in=((in+1)%MAXSIZE);
while(count <= MAXSIZE)
{
count=count+1;
printf(\"Count = %d - incremented at producer\ \", count);
}
} while (flag<=ITERATIONS);
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
void *consumer(void *ptr)
{
int item, flag=ITERATIONS;
int out = *(int *) ptr;
do
{
while (count >0)
{
nextc = buffer[out];
out=(out+1)%MAXSIZE;
printf(\"\\tCount = %d - decremented at consumer\ \", count, flag);
count = count-1;
flag=flag-1;
}
if (count <= 0)
{
printf(\"consumer made to wait...faster than producer.\ \");
}
}while (flag>=0);
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
int main(void)
{
int in=0, out=0; //pointers
pthread_t pro, con;
// Spawn threads
pthread_create(&pro, NULL, producer, &count);
pthread_create(&con, NULL, consumer, &count);
if (rc1)
{
printf(\"ERROR; return code from pthread_create() is %d\ \", rc1);
exit(-1);
}
if (rc2)
{
printf(\"ERROR; return code from pthread_create() is %d\ \", rc2);
exit(-1);
}
// Wait for the threads to finish
// Otherwise main might run to the end
// and kill the entire process when it exits.
pthread_join(pro, NULL);
pthread_join(con, NULL);
printfunction(&count);
}
Solution
#include
#include
#include
#include
#define MAXSIZE 100
#define ITERATIONS 1000
int buffer[MAXSIZE]; // buffer
int nextp, nextc; // temporary storage
int count=0;
void printfunction(void * ptr)
{
int count = *(int *) ptr;
if (count==0)
{
printf(\"All items produced are consumed by the consumer \ \");
}
else
{
for (int i=0; i<=count; i=i+1)
{
printf(\"%d, \\t\",buffer[i]);
}
printf(\"\ \");
}
}
void *producer(void *ptr)
{
int item, flag=0;
int in = *(int *) ptr;
do
{
item = (rand()%7)%10;
flag=flag+1;
nextp=item;
buffer[in]=nextp;
in=((in+1)%MAXSIZE);
while(count <= MAXSIZE)
{
count=count+1;
printf(\"Count = %d - incremented at producer\ \", count);
}
} while (flag<=ITERATIONS);
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
void *consumer(void *ptr)
{
int item, flag=ITERATIONS;
int out = *(int *) ptr;
do
{
while (count >0)
{
nextc = buffer[out];
out=(out+1)%MAXSIZE;
printf(\"\\tCount = %d - decreme.
Hace diez aos Samsung Electronics Company vendi un montn.pdfabinayamobiles
Hace diez aos, Samsung Electronics Company vendi un montn de productos electrnicos de gama
baja bajo varias marcas como Wiseview, Tantus y Yepp. La nueva gerencia decidi deshacerse de
estos nombres y marcar todos sus productos como Samsung. Al mismo tiempo, invirti mucho en
el diseo y la calidad del producto y, en 10 aos, ahora fabrica telfonos celulares y televisores
digitales de primera lnea que muestran su tecnologa.
avances Estos son productos con los que los consumidores forman fuertes lazos porque los usan
mucho.
Entre 2000 y 2005, Samsung aument su valor de marca en un 186 por ciento, la segunda mayor
ganancia en valor
(detrs de Google), superando a Sony, que una vez tuvo la reputacin de marca lder en electrnica.
Buena apariencia, facilidad
de uso, caractersticas tiles: estas son las claves para construir una gran reputacin de marca. El
ltimo impulsor de la marca.
la reputacin es un proceso de desarrollo de productos de calidad. 1
En 1993, el entonces presidente de Samsung, Lee Kun Hee, visit los Estados Unidos y vio por s
mismo que Samsung
los productos tambin estaban perdidos, perdidos entre la multitud, eclipsados por el diseo
destacado de Sony. l correctamente
concluy que un gran diseo e innovacin eran las formas de convertir a Samsung en una gran
marca global.
Contrat a cientos de grandes vendedores ms para construir una gran marca? No. Contrat a
cientos de jvenes hip
diseadores, muchos formados en las principales escuelas de diseo de educacin superior de EE.
UU. (el nmero de diseadores
empleados por Samsung aument de alrededor de 100 a ms de 450 en la prxima dcada, con una
edad promedio
de 33). Los diseadores fueron enviados por todo el mundo a grandes museos, galeras de arte,
ruinas antiguas e ilustres
arquitectura moderna. Ahora tambin pasan aos sabticos con consultoras de diseo, casas de
moda, muebles
diseadores y otros centros de excelencia en diseo en el extranjero. Los diseadores de Samsung
vuelven con sus mentes
cargado de grandes ideas de diseo; ellos lideran el desarrollo del producto, no los vendedores. Es
difcil discutir con
este proceso de inspirar una gran innovacin de diseo: contratar a jvenes diseadores creativos y
bien capacitados que sean
dispuestos a correr riesgos y a iluminar sus mentes.
Pero el proceso de desarrollo de productos de Samsung tambin implica un "laboratorio de
usabilidad" muy arraigado en
el centro de Sel para estudiar cmo los consumidores sacan los productos de las cajas, leen o no
leen las guas de instrucciones,
y siga los conos e instrucciones en las pantallas de los telfonos celulares. Comprender la interfaz
de usuario es clave para
Samsung, y ha sido clave para su xito.
Pero Samsung tambin tiene centros de diseo en San Francisco, Londres, Tokio y Shanghai. Y
para apoyar gran
design es un centro de investigacin y desarrollo en las afueras de Sel, Corea del Sur. Aqu los
mejores ingenieros
y los diseadores se concentran y resuelven los problemas de diseo y especificacin de productos
ms difciles.
Hello I need help within this question thank you Select a .pdfabinayamobiles
Hello, I need help within this question thank you.
Select a specific business, non-profit, or government organization. Examine their publicly
accessible web pages. Explain and cite specific examples of evidence that the CIA Triad has been
used in the design of the website, including your assessment of the effectiveness of the design to
thwart potential attacks or breaches..
More Related Content
Similar to Consider the fork_examplec code under Example code for pr.pdf
The following code is an implementation of the producer consumer pro.pdfmarketing413921
The following code is an implementation of the producer consumer problem using a software
locking mechanism. Your tasks here require you to debug the code with the intent of achieving
the following tasks:
Task 1: Identifying the critical section
Task 2: Identify the software locks and replace them with a simplified mutex lock and unlock.
HINT: The code provided relies heavily on the in and out pointers of the buffer. You should
make the code run on a single count variable.
#include
#include
#include
#include
#define MAXSIZE 100
#define ITERATIONS 1000
int buffer[MAXSIZE]; // buffer
int nextp, nextc; // temporary storage
int count=0;
void printfunction(void * ptr)
{
int count = *(int *) ptr;
if (count==0)
{
printf(\"All items produced are consumed by the consumer \ \");
}
else
{
for (int i=0; i<=count; i=i+1)
{
printf(\"%d, \\t\",buffer[i]);
}
printf(\"\ \");
}
}
void *producer(void *ptr)
{
int item, flag=0;
int in = *(int *) ptr;
do
{
item = (rand()%7)%10;
flag=flag+1;
nextp=item;
buffer[in]=nextp;
in=((in+1)%MAXSIZE);
while(count <= MAXSIZE)
{
count=count+1;
printf(\"Count = %d - incremented at producer\ \", count);
}
} while (flag<=ITERATIONS);
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
void *consumer(void *ptr)
{
int item, flag=ITERATIONS;
int out = *(int *) ptr;
do
{
while (count >0)
{
nextc = buffer[out];
out=(out+1)%MAXSIZE;
printf(\"\\tCount = %d - decremented at consumer\ \", count, flag);
count = count-1;
flag=flag-1;
}
if (count <= 0)
{
printf(\"consumer made to wait...faster than producer.\ \");
}
}while (flag>=0);
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
int main(void)
{
int in=0, out=0; //pointers
pthread_t pro, con;
// Spawn threads
pthread_create(&pro, NULL, producer, &count);
pthread_create(&con, NULL, consumer, &count);
if (rc1)
{
printf(\"ERROR; return code from pthread_create() is %d\ \", rc1);
exit(-1);
}
if (rc2)
{
printf(\"ERROR; return code from pthread_create() is %d\ \", rc2);
exit(-1);
}
// Wait for the threads to finish
// Otherwise main might run to the end
// and kill the entire process when it exits.
pthread_join(pro, NULL);
pthread_join(con, NULL);
printfunction(&count);
}
Solution
#include
#include
#include
#include
#define MAXSIZE 100
#define ITERATIONS 1000
int buffer[MAXSIZE]; // buffer
int nextp, nextc; // temporary storage
int count=0;
void printfunction(void * ptr)
{
int count = *(int *) ptr;
if (count==0)
{
printf(\"All items produced are consumed by the consumer \ \");
}
else
{
for (int i=0; i<=count; i=i+1)
{
printf(\"%d, \\t\",buffer[i]);
}
printf(\"\ \");
}
}
void *producer(void *ptr)
{
int item, flag=0;
int in = *(int *) ptr;
do
{
item = (rand()%7)%10;
flag=flag+1;
nextp=item;
buffer[in]=nextp;
in=((in+1)%MAXSIZE);
while(count <= MAXSIZE)
{
count=count+1;
printf(\"Count = %d - incremented at producer\ \", count);
}
} while (flag<=ITERATIONS);
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
void *consumer(void *ptr)
{
int item, flag=ITERATIONS;
int out = *(int *) ptr;
do
{
while (count >0)
{
nextc = buffer[out];
out=(out+1)%MAXSIZE;
printf(\"\\tCount = %d - decreme.
Hace diez aos Samsung Electronics Company vendi un montn.pdfabinayamobiles
Hace diez aos, Samsung Electronics Company vendi un montn de productos electrnicos de gama
baja bajo varias marcas como Wiseview, Tantus y Yepp. La nueva gerencia decidi deshacerse de
estos nombres y marcar todos sus productos como Samsung. Al mismo tiempo, invirti mucho en
el diseo y la calidad del producto y, en 10 aos, ahora fabrica telfonos celulares y televisores
digitales de primera lnea que muestran su tecnologa.
avances Estos son productos con los que los consumidores forman fuertes lazos porque los usan
mucho.
Entre 2000 y 2005, Samsung aument su valor de marca en un 186 por ciento, la segunda mayor
ganancia en valor
(detrs de Google), superando a Sony, que una vez tuvo la reputacin de marca lder en electrnica.
Buena apariencia, facilidad
de uso, caractersticas tiles: estas son las claves para construir una gran reputacin de marca. El
ltimo impulsor de la marca.
la reputacin es un proceso de desarrollo de productos de calidad. 1
En 1993, el entonces presidente de Samsung, Lee Kun Hee, visit los Estados Unidos y vio por s
mismo que Samsung
los productos tambin estaban perdidos, perdidos entre la multitud, eclipsados por el diseo
destacado de Sony. l correctamente
concluy que un gran diseo e innovacin eran las formas de convertir a Samsung en una gran
marca global.
Contrat a cientos de grandes vendedores ms para construir una gran marca? No. Contrat a
cientos de jvenes hip
diseadores, muchos formados en las principales escuelas de diseo de educacin superior de EE.
UU. (el nmero de diseadores
empleados por Samsung aument de alrededor de 100 a ms de 450 en la prxima dcada, con una
edad promedio
de 33). Los diseadores fueron enviados por todo el mundo a grandes museos, galeras de arte,
ruinas antiguas e ilustres
arquitectura moderna. Ahora tambin pasan aos sabticos con consultoras de diseo, casas de
moda, muebles
diseadores y otros centros de excelencia en diseo en el extranjero. Los diseadores de Samsung
vuelven con sus mentes
cargado de grandes ideas de diseo; ellos lideran el desarrollo del producto, no los vendedores. Es
difcil discutir con
este proceso de inspirar una gran innovacin de diseo: contratar a jvenes diseadores creativos y
bien capacitados que sean
dispuestos a correr riesgos y a iluminar sus mentes.
Pero el proceso de desarrollo de productos de Samsung tambin implica un "laboratorio de
usabilidad" muy arraigado en
el centro de Sel para estudiar cmo los consumidores sacan los productos de las cajas, leen o no
leen las guas de instrucciones,
y siga los conos e instrucciones en las pantallas de los telfonos celulares. Comprender la interfaz
de usuario es clave para
Samsung, y ha sido clave para su xito.
Pero Samsung tambin tiene centros de diseo en San Francisco, Londres, Tokio y Shanghai. Y
para apoyar gran
design es un centro de investigacin y desarrollo en las afueras de Sel, Corea del Sur. Aqu los
mejores ingenieros
y los diseadores se concentran y resuelven los problemas de diseo y especificacin de productos
ms difciles.
Hello I need help within this question thank you Select a .pdfabinayamobiles
Hello, I need help within this question thank you.
Select a specific business, non-profit, or government organization. Examine their publicly
accessible web pages. Explain and cite specific examples of evidence that the CIA Triad has been
used in the design of the website, including your assessment of the effectiveness of the design to
thwart potential attacks or breaches..
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En 2009, el dficit presupuestario del gobierno de EE. UU. aument sustancialmente. Todo lo dems
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la oferta de fondos prestables se desplaz hacia la izquierda.
la demanda de fondos prestables se desplaz hacia la derecha.
la demanda de fondos prestables se desplaz hacia la izquierda.
a.
la oferta de fondos prestables
se desplaz hacia la derecha.
b.
la oferta de fondos prestables
se desplaz hacia la izquierda.
C.
la demanda de fondos
prestables se desplaz hacia la
derecha.
d.
la demanda de fondos prestables se desplaz
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Assume that IQ scores are normally distributed with a mean 101.2 pts and a standard deviation of
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Proposals (C) Supplier audits (D) Supplier visits.
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Caso Uber Esta parte del caso acumulativo Uber se centra en el Captulo 8 y cubre los principios
relacionados con la cultura y la estructura organizacionales. La aplicacin del conocimiento y las
habilidades gerenciales en el mundo real de este caso acumulativo est diseada para ayudarlo a
desarrollar la capacidad de pensamiento crtico y darse cuenta del poder prctico de las habilidades
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responda las preguntas que siguen. La cultura organizacional de Uber consiste en los supuestos
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incluso acosador, y la cultura de Uber durante su mandato reflej algunas de estas caractersticas.
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con golpes en el pecho y los hombres participaban en concursos de flexiones en sus escritorios.
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Un empleado secuestr un autobs privado, lo llen de amigos y lo llev a dar un paseo de placer. La
cultura de Uber tambin se refleja en el trato que la empresa da a sus conductores. Por ejemplo, la
compaa anuncia una tasa de comisin del 25 por ciento de los viajes, pero si incluye las tarifas de
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quejan de que Uber ha empleado un "cebo y cambio" global, en el que la empresa atrae a los
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atractivas solo para obtener comisiones cada vez mayores. , as como invertir en tecnologa sin
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acuerdo, cerr la puerta del auto y le dijo al conductor que se hiciera responsable de su propio
comportamiento. (Kamel calific a Kalanick con 1 estrella de 5). Al nuevo director ejecutivo de
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not be unique and also not necessarily unbiased. Show that the most general form of the
distribution for which the sample arithmetic mean X is the MLE of has the p.d.f. f(x,)=exp[(x)A()+A(
)+B(x)].
7 Axon retim hattnda tek bir rn olan AX484 ile erken aa.pdfabinayamobiles
7) Axon, retim hattnda tek bir rn olan AX484 ile erken aamadaki bir biyoteknoloji aratrma irketidir.
Son zamanlarda Axon, AX484 iin IND statsn baaryla ald ve yeni bileii faz 1 klinik deneylerinde test
etmeye hazrlanyor. Axon, dzenleyici onay srecinde AX484' ynlendirmek iin ne sermayeye ne de
klinik aratrma uzmanlna sahiptir ve deneme maliyetlerini finanse etmeye yardmc olacak ve
danmanlk rol stlenecek bir ortak aryor.
Bu yln balarnda, BioLab Ventures'n (BLV) genel ortaklar Axon'un ynetim ekibiyle bir araya gelerek
A serisi finansmann artlarn mzakere etti (Axon balangta kurucular tarafndan finanse edilmiti ve u
anda ortak bir laboratuvarda yer kiralyordu). tesis). Axon'un mevcut "para ncesi" deerlemesi, BLV
tarafndan satn alnacak z sermaye miktar ve BLV'nin bu z sermayeyi elde etmek iin deyecei miktar
dahil olmak zere bir dizi nemli sorunun ele alnmas gerekiyordu.
A) BioLab Ventures, Axon'daki %40 zsermaye hissesi iin 10 milyon $ teklif etmeye hazrlanyordu.
Bu teklifin ima ettii Axon'un mevcut (yani n para) deeri nedir? ( Not : Cevabnz milyon dolar
cinsinden ifade edilmelidir.)
____ milyon dolar
B) Ticari lansmandan sonra Axon'un ynetim ekibi, satlan maln maliyetinin (COGS) ve sat, genel ve
idari maliyetlerin (SG&A) srasyla gelirlerin %25'i ve %40' olacan tahmin ediyor. Bu varsaymlar
altnda, ticari lansman annda gelecekteki krlarn NPV'si ne olur? Dier masraflar gz ard
edebileceinizi varsayalm. ( Not : Cevabnz milyon dolar cinsinden ifade edilmelidir.)
____ milyon dolar
C)
Axon, onay srecinin tamamlanmasnn 7 yl sreceini tahmin ediyor. Projeksiyonlar aadaki gibidir:
Bu aamalarn her biri iin ylda srasyla %30, %20 ve %15 iskonto oran varsayarlar. Bu varsaymlar
altnda, Axon'un rNPV'si nedir? ( Not : Cevabnz milyon dolar cinsinden ifade edilmelidir.)
____ milyon dolar.
Why can covid researchers run an OLS regression of the follo.pdfabinayamobiles
Why can covid researchers run an OLS regression of the following form GotCovid=B0+B1
GotVacine+U And interpret B1 as an estimate of the causal effect of the vaccine on whether one
gets covid? 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. What type of dataset must be used _?.
What factor determines whether retirement of general longte.pdfabinayamobiles
What factor determines whether retirement of general long-term liability principal amounts are
reported as expenditures or as other financing uses ? What is unique about special assessment
Debt Service Funds? Think about the lifetime of the special assessments receivable vs. what we
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Which of the following are true statements about the Oaxaca .pdfabinayamobiles
Which of the following are true statements about the Oaxaca decomposition:
Statement C: the unexplained part of the decomposition gives a perfectly accurate quantification of
discrimination
Statement A: the unexplained portion of the decomposition typically consists of differences in
slopes across groups (multiplied by a group mean in independent variable)
Statement B: explained portion of the decomposition typically consists of differences in Xs or
observed variables across groups (multiplied by some slope parameter)
None of the statements are true
Statements A and B are both true.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
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Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Consider the fork_examplec code under Example code for pr.pdf
1. Consider the fork_example.c code (under "Example code for processes" on Canvas). How many
processes and threads are created?
(code also shown below)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <inttypes.h> /* for PRIxPTR */
#include <pthread.h>
// On Linux we need these for waitpid()
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
// On Solaris, this cleans up format warnings from GCC
#define PID (int) getpid()
// process identity, for output only
char *me = "parent"; // or, "child"
/* function prototype for thread creation */
void * thread_func(void * arg);
/* data for threads */
struct thread_struct {
pthread_t tid; // system-assigned thread identifier
int num; // our own thread number
int in; // input data
int out; // output data
};
struct thread_struct bogus = { 0, 0, 0, -1 };
pthread_attr_t attr; // thread attributes, not used here
struct thread_struct in[2];
void thread_generator(int low, int high, char *identifier)
{
for (int i = low; i < high; i++)
{
in[i].tid = (pthread_t) (-1); // assigned later
in[i].num = i;
in[i].in = i+1;
in[i].out = -1;
printf("[pid %d] %s %s: pthread_create(%d): tryingn",
PID, me, identifier, in[i].num);
// pthread_create(&in[i].tid, &attr, thread_func, &in[i]);
int ret = pthread_create(&in[i].tid, NULL, thread_func, &in[i]);
2. // in[i].tid = identifier of new thread
// the new thread executes thread_func(&in[i])
// pthread_create() returns an int, equal to 0 or error number
if (ret == 0)
{
printf("[pid %d] %s %s: pthread_create(%d): okn",
PID, me, identifier, in[i].num);
}
else
{
printf("[pid %d] %s %s: pthread_create(%d): failed: %sn",
PID, me, identifier, in[i].num, strerror(ret));
}
}
}
void thread_collector(int low, int high, char *identifier)
{
for (int i = low; i < high; i++)
{
printf("[pid %d] %s %s: pthread_join(%d): tryingn",
PID, me, identifier, in[i].num);
void *out = &bogus;
int ret = pthread_join(in[i].tid, &out);
// out = exit status from pthread_exit()
// pthread_join() returns an int, equal to 0 or error number
if (ret == 0)
{
printf("[pid %d] %s %s: pthread_join(%d): ok, exit status = %p, out = %dn",
PID, me, identifier, in[i].num, out, in[i].out);
}
else
{
printf("[pid %d] %s %s: pthread_join(%d): failed: %s, exit status = %p, out = %dn",
PID, me, identifier, in[i].num, strerror(ret), out, in[i].out);
}
}
}
int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
printf("[pid %d] %s: &bogus = %pn", PID, me, &bogus);
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{ printf("[pid %d] %s: &in[%d] = %pn", PID, me, i, &in[i]); }
3. for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
in[i].tid = (pthread_t) (-1); // assigned later
in[i].num = i;
in[i].in = -1;
in[i].out = -1;
}
// create two threads
thread_generator(0, 2, "main pre-fork");
pid_t pid = fork();
if (pid < 0)
{
printf("[pid %d] %s: main, fork(): failed: %sn",
PID, me, strerror(errno));
}
else if (pid == 0)
{
me = "child";
printf("[pid %d] %s: main, parent is %dn",
PID, me, (int) getppid());
}
else
{
printf("[pid %d] %s: main, child is %dn",
PID, me, (int) pid);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{ printf("[pid %d] %s: in[%d].tid = %" PRIxPTR "n", PID, me, i, (uintptr_t) in[i].tid); }
// join with two threads
thread_collector(0, 2, "main");
if (pid == 0)
{
printf("[pid %d] %s: main, sleeping 1n", PID, me);
sleep(1);
printf("[pid %d] %s: main, exitingn", PID, me);
exit(0);
}
if (pid > 0)
{
printf("[pid %d] %s: main, waitingn", PID, me);
waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
}
4. printf("[pid %d] %s: main, exitingn", PID, me);
return 0;
}
/* standard format for Pthreads */
void * thread_func(void * arg)
{
struct thread_struct *p = arg;
printf("[pid %d] %s: hello, world, this is thread %d, ID %" PRIxPTR " %" PRIxPTR "n",
PID, me, p->num, (uintptr_t) p->tid, (uintptr_t) pthread_self());
printf("[pid %d] %s: thread %d, sleeping %dn",
PID, me, p->num, p->in);
sleep(p->in);
// do some work, so we can see if the thread actually ran
p->out = 1;
printf("[pid %d] %s: thread %d, exitingn",
PID, me, p->num);
pthread_exit(arg); // the thread's exit status
// void return
}
Group of answer choices
2 process, 2 threads
3 processes, 2 threads
2 processes, 4 threads
3 processes, 4 threads
![Consider the fork_example.c code (under "Example code for processes" on Canvas). How many
processes and threads are created?
(code also shown below)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <inttypes.h> /* for PRIxPTR */
#include <pthread.h>
// On Linux we need these for waitpid()
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
// On Solaris, this cleans up format warnings from GCC
#define PID (int) getpid()
// process identity, for output only
char *me = "parent"; // or, "child"
/* function prototype for thread creation */
void * thread_func(void * arg);
/* data for threads */
struct thread_struct {
pthread_t tid; // system-assigned thread identifier
int num; // our own thread number
int in; // input data
int out; // output data
};
struct thread_struct bogus = { 0, 0, 0, -1 };
pthread_attr_t attr; // thread attributes, not used here
struct thread_struct in[2];
void thread_generator(int low, int high, char *identifier)
{
for (int i = low; i < high; i++)
{
in[i].tid = (pthread_t) (-1); // assigned later
in[i].num = i;
in[i].in = i+1;
in[i].out = -1;
printf("[pid %d] %s %s: pthread_create(%d): tryingn",
PID, me, identifier, in[i].num);
// pthread_create(&in[i].tid, &attr, thread_func, &in[i]);
int ret = pthread_create(&in[i].tid, NULL, thread_func, &in[i]);](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/considertheforkexampleccodeunderexamplecodeforpr-230318142834-d42fb075/85/Consider-the-fork_examplec-code-under-Example-code-for-pr-pdf-1-320.jpg)
![// in[i].tid = identifier of new thread
// the new thread executes thread_func(&in[i])
// pthread_create() returns an int, equal to 0 or error number
if (ret == 0)
{
printf("[pid %d] %s %s: pthread_create(%d): okn",
PID, me, identifier, in[i].num);
}
else
{
printf("[pid %d] %s %s: pthread_create(%d): failed: %sn",
PID, me, identifier, in[i].num, strerror(ret));
}
}
}
void thread_collector(int low, int high, char *identifier)
{
for (int i = low; i < high; i++)
{
printf("[pid %d] %s %s: pthread_join(%d): tryingn",
PID, me, identifier, in[i].num);
void *out = &bogus;
int ret = pthread_join(in[i].tid, &out);
// out = exit status from pthread_exit()
// pthread_join() returns an int, equal to 0 or error number
if (ret == 0)
{
printf("[pid %d] %s %s: pthread_join(%d): ok, exit status = %p, out = %dn",
PID, me, identifier, in[i].num, out, in[i].out);
}
else
{
printf("[pid %d] %s %s: pthread_join(%d): failed: %s, exit status = %p, out = %dn",
PID, me, identifier, in[i].num, strerror(ret), out, in[i].out);
}
}
}
int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
printf("[pid %d] %s: &bogus = %pn", PID, me, &bogus);
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{ printf("[pid %d] %s: &in[%d] = %pn", PID, me, i, &in[i]); }](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)