This document discusses the definition and importance of confidentiality. It defines confidentiality as ensuring that private information about individuals will not be disclosed without consent except as allowed by law. It notes there is less privacy on the internet as websites can track users and search engines record search queries to build profiles over time. It recommends minimizing these threats by adjusting browser settings and using anonymizers. It also warns that anything posted publicly can be distributed without consent and that confidentiality policies are needed to restrict access to sensitive information and punish breaches. Concerns about confidential information include liability for inadvertent disclosure, damages for privacy violations, treating information as property, and liability of indirect recipients. The conclusion stresses the need to protect everyone's privacy online while realizing

1. By
Izzati Masturah Madini

2. • Protects all personal identifiable data
• Apply to discussions about student / student’s
record
• Value by virtue of being kept secret and it
must be capable of being legally protected.
• Privileged information, classified information,
or specific information of a type for which
there is a clear and compelling need to
withhold from disclosure.
Definition

3. Privacy /
confidential

4. CONFIDENTIALITY: The assurance that
information about identifiable persons, the
release of which would constitute an
invasion of privacy for any individual, will
not be disclosed without consent except as
allowed by law.

5. • Less privacy/confidentiality on the internet
• Websites can track your surfing on their site by IP
address and related system information, including
system names and Internet network addresses
that often uniquely identify your computer.
• Search engines generally record:
• - Queries together with your computer
identification, building up a profile of your
interests over time.
Surfing leaves tracks

6. • Turn your default browser settings
to exclude cookies.
• Use networked or single-point
annonymizers to obscure all
computer's local identifying
information and obtain the
maximum available Internet privacy
Minimize threats

7. • Posting publically makes you generally give up the rights to
the content and any expectation of privacy or
confidentiality.
• In most countries, anything you post to a public space can
be saved, archived, duplicated, distributed, and published,
even years later, by anyone in the same way as a
photograph taken in a public space like a city park.
• If you have ever posted anything to the newsgroups, you
might find it interesting to search them now for the email
address you used at the time, which is one reason you
should disguise your email address when posting to the
Usenet newsgroups.
Posting is public

8. Fair Information Practices
Data Release Restrictions
Personnel Agreements
Confidentiality Policies

9. • Definition of confidential information
• Need-to-know access only
• No redisclosure
• If questions, ask supervisor
• Breach will result in disciplinary action
• Confidentiality must be maintained
indefinitely
Confidentiality Provisions

10. 1. The liability of those who in some sense act
innocently.
2. The circumstances in which the damage may
be awarded for breach.
3. The possibility of awarding damages for injury
to feelings as distinct from economic loss.
4. The effects of dealing that treat the
information as property.
5. The liability of indirect recipient.
Concerns about confidential
information

11. • Confidentiality or privacy of everyone need to
be protected.
• The bottom line is that you have little privacy
or confidentiality on the Internet, and unless
your communications are encrypted and/or
annonymized, you should assume they can be
read by others. At the same time you need to
make a realistic threat assessment depending
on what you are doing
CONCLUSION

12. Akshay Maheshwari & Anjali Bhatt. (2014).
Protection of Confidential
Information:The Reality. Retrieved on
3rd October 2017 from
https://www.lawctopus.com/academi
e/rotection-confidential-information
reality/
Reference