ABOUT POLITICAL

2.  POWER AND AUTHORITY • Essentially,
politics is associated with the
government, kings, queens, dictatorship,
voting , etc. But the term actually has a
much broader meaning
 Definition of Politics – polity: Is the social
institutions that distributes power, sets a
society’s goals and make decision. : The
exercise of power and attempts to maintain
or to change power relations.

3. Max Weber claimed that every society is based on
power.
 Power is the ability to achieve desired ends
despite resistance from others.
 Power is the ability to carry out one’s will, even
over the resistance of others.
 Power struggles – workers with their bosses,
power struggle within family members, (all
these attempts to gain or keep power) these
also consider as political actions.

4.  Micropolitics – to refer to the exercise of
power in everyday life.
 Macropolitics – refers to the exercise of
power over a large group
Weber perceive power into two type that
is legitimate power and illegitimate power.

5.  Legitimate power : is called as authority i.e.
powerful people accept as right.
 Illegitimate power : known as coercion i.e.
power that people do not accept as just.
 The use of power is the business of
government.

6.  Government is a formal organization that
directs the political life of a society.
 Authority - power that people perceive as
legitimate rather than coercive. This relations
of power authority is legitimate
1. Traditional Authority; power legitimized by
respect for long-established cultural patterns.

7. Characteristics of Traditional Authority: a)
preindustrial societies
b) populations collective memory – people’s accept
a system
c) usually one of hereditary leadership
d) strong power in political system, absolute power
and almost godlike
e) Source of strength for patriarchy, domination by
men

8. 2. Rational legal authority (bureaucratic
authority)- is power legitimized in the
operation of lawful government.
• Weber viewed bureaucracy as the type of
organization that dominates in rational
thinking, modern societies.
3. Charismatic Authority- is power legitimized
by extraordinary personal abilities that inspire
devotion and obedience. • Charismatic

9. authority depends less on a person’s ancestry
or office and more on personality.

10.  Autocracy- is a system of government in which
supreme power (social and political) is
concentrated in the hands of one person or
polity, whose decisions are subject to neither
external legal restraints nor regularized
mechanisms of popular control (except perhaps
for the implicit threat of a coup d'état or mass
insurrection). Absolute monarchy (such as Saudi
Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Oman, Brunei

11. and Eswatini) and dictatorships (also including
North Korea) are the main modern day forms of
autocracy.
 Democracy- meaning "rule of the people", is
a system of government in which the citizens
exercise power directly or elect
representatives from among themselves to
form a governing body, such as a parliament.
Democracy is sometimes referred to as "rule
of the majority". Democracy is a system of
processing conflicts in which outcomes

12. depend on what participants do, but no
single force controls what occurs and its
outcomes. This includes citizens being able
to vote for different laws and leaders.
 Oligarchy- meaning "rule of the few", is a
form of power structure in which power rests
with a small number of people. These people
might be distinguished by nobility, wealth,
family ties, education or corporate, religious
or military control. Such states are often

13. controlled by families who typically pass
their influence from one generation to the
next, but inheritance is not a necessary
condition for the application of this term.
 ( Russia, China, Saudi Arabia, Iran, and
Turkey)
 Monarchy- is a form of government in
which a group, generally a family
representing a dynasty, embodies the
country's national identity and its head, the

14. monarch, exercises the role of sovereignty.
The actual power of the monarch may vary
from purely symbolic (crowned republic), to
partial and restricted (constitutional
monarchy), to completely autocratic
(absolute monarchy).
 Anarchy- A society without a publicly
enforced government or political
authority.[1][2] Sometimes said to be non-
governance; it is a structure which strives for

15. non-hierarchical, voluntary associations
among agents. Anarchy is a situation where
there is no state.
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