This presentation tries to give a simple understanding of the concept of human race, and their classifying characters and world classification of races.

1. RACE

2. • A RACE IS USUALLY UNDERSTOOD TO BE A
POPULATION SUBSET WHOSE MEMBERS
HAVE IN COMMON SOME HEREDITARY
BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS THAT SET
THEM APART PHYSICALLY FROM OTHER
HUMAN GROUPS.

3. Scientific Classification of Humans
• Kingdom: Animalia
–Phylum: Chordata
•Class: Mammalia
–Order: Primates
»Family: Hominidae
• Subfamily: Homininae
• Tribe: Hominini
• Genus: Homo
• Species: Homo sapiens
• Subspecies: Homo sapiens sapiens

4. Formation of Human Race
• Mutation
• Natural Selection
• Genetic Drift
• Isolation
• Hibridization

5. Racial Criteria
1: Morphological Traits
– a) Skin Colour
– b) Hair Form
– c) Stature
– d) Head Form
– e) Facial Prognathism
– f) Nose
– g) Eye
2: Genetic Traits: Blood Groups

6. BASES OF RACIAL CLASSIFICATION
• 1. SKIN COLOUR:
– Leucoderms: Caucasoids
– Xanthoderms: Mongoloids
– Melanoderms: Negroids

7. BASES OF RACIAL CLASSIFICATION
• 2. HAIR STRUCTURE: According to Haddon,
there are three classes:
– Ulotrichy (Wooly or Frizzy Hair): Negritoes and Negroids.
– Leiotrichy (Straight Hair): Mongoloids, Polynesians and Amerinds.
– Cymitrichy (Wavy or Curly Hair): Caucasoids, Pre-Dravidian and
Australoids.

8. BASES OF RACIAL CLASSIFICATION
• 3. STATURE:
– The average stature of the world population is 167.6 cm.
– No human group is less than 150 cm.
– The Bushmen, the Pygmies and other Negrito people are
human dwarfs : 148-158 cm.
– The Medium stature is
preponderant : 159-168 cm.
– The Nordic have high
stature : >169 cm.

9. BASES OF RACIAL CLASSIFICATION
• 4. CEPHALIC INDEX:
– Cephalic Index = (Breadth of the Head/Length of the
Head) x 100
• Dolichocephalic: <75. (Negros, Australoid)
• Mesaticephalic: 75-80. (Mediterranean People)
• Brachycephalic: >80. (Alpine-Mongolian Racial Groups)

10. BASES OF RACIAL CLASSIFICATION
• Acording to Paul Broca:
– Dolichocephalic
– Sub-Dolichocephalic
– Mesaticephalic
– Sub-Brachicephalic
– Brachicephalic
• According to Joseph
Denikar:
– Hyper-Dolichocephalic
– Dolichocephalic
– Sub-Dolichocephalic
– Mesaticephalic
– Sub-Brachicephalic
– Brachicephalic
– Hyper-Brachicephalic

11. BASES OF RACIAL CLASSIFICATION
• ORBITO- CEPHALIC INDEX: It is the arch or
flatness of the head. It is determined by the ratio of
vertical diameter and the transverse diameter of the
head.
– Platy-cephalic: Less than 58%
– Orthocephalic: 58- 63%
– Hyplicephalic: More than 63%

12. BASES OF RACIAL CLASSIFICATION
• 5. PROGNATHISM: The projection of the jaws.
– Negroids: Pronounced Prognathism.
– Nordic: Virtually no Prognathism.
– Mongoloids: Moderate Prognathism.

13. BASES OF RACIAL CLASSIFICATION
• 6. NASAL INDEX: It is the ratio between the
length and breadth of the nose.
– Leptorrhine (narrow nose): 55-69.9 (Caucasoid)
– Mesorrhine (medium nose): 70-84.9 (Mongoloid)
– Platyrrhine (broad nose): 85-99.9 (Negroid)

14. BASES OF RACIAL CLASSIFICATION
• 7. EYE- ORBITAL INDEX: The ratio of the
breadth and the length of the eye.
– Negroids: 80
– Australoids: 85-87
– Mongoloids: 89-95

15. BASES OF RACIAL CLASSIFICATION
• 8. BLOOD GROUPS:
– A: Mongoloid
– B: Caucasoid
– C: Negroid

16. CAUCASOID-MONGOLOID NEGROID FACES

17. Major Races of the World
CAUCASOID RACE:
– Mediterranean
• Classic Mediterranean
• Atlanto-Mediterranean
• Indo-Afghan
– Nordic
– Alpine
– Armenoid
– Dinaric
– East Baltic
– Polynesian
– Ainu
– Keltic
– Lapp
ARCHAIC CAUCASOID RACE
• Australoid
• Dravidian
• Veddah

18. Major Races of the World
MONGOLOID RACE
• Archaic Mongoloid
• Arctic Mongoloid
• Indonesian Mongoloid
– Malay Type
– Indonesian Type
• American Indian/Amerindian
NEGROID RACE
• African Negro
– True Negros
– Nilotic Negroes/Nilotes
– Bantu Speaking Negroes
– Bushmen-Hottentot
– Negrillo/African Pygmy
• Oceanic Negro
– Andamanese
– Semang
– Aeta
– Tapiro
– Mekanesian
– Papuan

19. CLASSIFICATION OF MAJOR RACES