Industrial relations in India have evolved significantly over time. Traditionally, relations were those of master-servant during ancient and medieval times, with craftsmen and workers organizing into guilds called Shrenis. Under British rule, the relationship became one of exploitation, with workers having little power. Post-independence, laws and institutions like tripartite bodies and minimum wage laws were established to protect workers. Globalization in the 1990s has led to new challenges, as traditional IR models struggle to adapt to requirements of competitiveness, flexibility and individual bargaining in the emerging global business scenario.
This document provides an overview of the concepts and evaluation of industrial relations management. It discusses the meaning and definitions of industrial relations. It also outlines the key factors that influence industrial relations within enterprises such as the economic, social, and political environments. Furthermore, it examines the evolution of industrial relations in India under British rule and post-independence. The document also explores different approaches to understanding industrial relations from psychological, sociological, and human relations perspectives. Finally, it defines the labor market and its role in industrial relations.
This document provides an overview of industrial relations and trade unionism in India. It discusses the key actors in industrial relations as the management, employees, and government. It defines the objectives of industrial relations as maintaining good employee-employer relations, industrial peace, and safeguarding interests of labor and management. Regarding trade unions, it discusses their meaning, objectives, principles, and methods. It then provides a brief history of trade unionism in India, noting the earliest unions in the late 19th/early 20th century and the passage of the Trade Unions Act in 1926 to protect union activities.
This document summarizes the history and development of industrial relations in India. It discusses how industrial relations emerged in the late 1910s in the US in response to poor working conditions and the imbalance of power between employers and employees. It then covers the introduction of industries to India under British rule in the 1850s, and the harsh working conditions that led to disputes. Key labor laws were established over time in response to events like World War I and II. Post-independence, the Industrial Truce Resolution established further protections. Globalization in the 1990s impacted skills, participation, and relations. Recent trends include declining union density but more pro-labor policies. Overall industrial relationships have improved but still require work to be fully maintained.
This document discusses trade unions in India. It begins with defining trade unions and their objectives. It then outlines the growth of trade unions in India, the key Trade Unions Act of 1926, and the legal framework governing unions. The document is divided into multiple sections covering the historical phases of union development in India, key central trade union organizations today, sectors of the Indian workforce, and extracts of the Trade Unions Act of 1926 regarding registration of unions.
This document provides an overview of industrial relations in Pakistan. It discusses key topics such as the main participants in industrial relations (employers, workers, government, consumers), the Pakistani constitution's provisions related to industrial relations, objectives of industrial relations, conditions for good and poor industrial relations, the changing role of the state in industrial relations, current issues, and factors affecting industrial relations. Trade unions are also introduced, including their objectives, functions, and importance.
This document provides an overview of industrial relations in India. It discusses key topics like the three main participants in industrial relations (workers, employers, government), the impact of the Indian constitution and liberalization policies on IR. Some key points made include:
- IR describes the relationship between management and employees regarding employment conditions. The growth of large companies changed personal employer-employee relations.
- Trade unions represent workers' interests, while employers' organizations represent managers. The government also plays a role in protecting both parties' interests.
- The ILO works to promote full employment, workers' rights, and good working conditions globally. It is a tripartite organization with government, employer, and employee representatives.
Industrial relations in India have evolved significantly over time. Traditionally, relations were those of master-servant during ancient and medieval times, with craftsmen and workers organizing into guilds called Shrenis. Under British rule, the relationship became one of exploitation, with workers having little power. Post-independence, laws and institutions like tripartite bodies and minimum wage laws were established to protect workers. Globalization in the 1990s has led to new challenges, as traditional IR models struggle to adapt to requirements of competitiveness, flexibility and individual bargaining in the emerging global business scenario.
This document provides an overview of the concepts and evaluation of industrial relations management. It discusses the meaning and definitions of industrial relations. It also outlines the key factors that influence industrial relations within enterprises such as the economic, social, and political environments. Furthermore, it examines the evolution of industrial relations in India under British rule and post-independence. The document also explores different approaches to understanding industrial relations from psychological, sociological, and human relations perspectives. Finally, it defines the labor market and its role in industrial relations.
This document provides an overview of industrial relations and trade unionism in India. It discusses the key actors in industrial relations as the management, employees, and government. It defines the objectives of industrial relations as maintaining good employee-employer relations, industrial peace, and safeguarding interests of labor and management. Regarding trade unions, it discusses their meaning, objectives, principles, and methods. It then provides a brief history of trade unionism in India, noting the earliest unions in the late 19th/early 20th century and the passage of the Trade Unions Act in 1926 to protect union activities.
This document summarizes the history and development of industrial relations in India. It discusses how industrial relations emerged in the late 1910s in the US in response to poor working conditions and the imbalance of power between employers and employees. It then covers the introduction of industries to India under British rule in the 1850s, and the harsh working conditions that led to disputes. Key labor laws were established over time in response to events like World War I and II. Post-independence, the Industrial Truce Resolution established further protections. Globalization in the 1990s impacted skills, participation, and relations. Recent trends include declining union density but more pro-labor policies. Overall industrial relationships have improved but still require work to be fully maintained.
This document discusses trade unions in India. It begins with defining trade unions and their objectives. It then outlines the growth of trade unions in India, the key Trade Unions Act of 1926, and the legal framework governing unions. The document is divided into multiple sections covering the historical phases of union development in India, key central trade union organizations today, sectors of the Indian workforce, and extracts of the Trade Unions Act of 1926 regarding registration of unions.
This document provides an overview of industrial relations in Pakistan. It discusses key topics such as the main participants in industrial relations (employers, workers, government, consumers), the Pakistani constitution's provisions related to industrial relations, objectives of industrial relations, conditions for good and poor industrial relations, the changing role of the state in industrial relations, current issues, and factors affecting industrial relations. Trade unions are also introduced, including their objectives, functions, and importance.
This document provides an overview of industrial relations in India. It discusses key topics like the three main participants in industrial relations (workers, employers, government), the impact of the Indian constitution and liberalization policies on IR. Some key points made include:
- IR describes the relationship between management and employees regarding employment conditions. The growth of large companies changed personal employer-employee relations.
- Trade unions represent workers' interests, while employers' organizations represent managers. The government also plays a role in protecting both parties' interests.
- The ILO works to promote full employment, workers' rights, and good working conditions globally. It is a tripartite organization with government, employer, and employee representatives.
This document provides an overview of industrial relations, including:
1. It defines industrial relations and outlines its key areas such as collective bargaining, the roles of management, unions, and government, and mechanisms for resolving disputes.
2. It discusses the importance of industrial relations for increased productivity and ethical treatment of workers.
3. It describes three main approaches to industrial relations: the unitary approach which emphasizes cooperation; the pluralistic approach which sees competing interests; and the Marxist approach which views conflicts as a result of capitalism.
This document outlines 8 key factors that affect industrial relations: institutional, economic, social, technological, psychological, political, enterprise-related, and global. Institutional factors include labor laws, unions, and collective bargaining agreements. Economic factors involve unemployment rates, economic cycles, and types of business ownership. Social factors comprise social groups, values, and status. Technological factors center around the type and rate of change of technology used. Psychological factors relate to attitudes and motivation levels. Political factors incorporate systems of government and involvement of political parties. Enterprise-related factors concern management styles and competition. Finally, global factors pertain to international relations, trade policies, and organizations like the ILO.
Prior to 1991, the industrial relations system in India sought to control conflicts and disputes through excessive labor legislation. These labor laws were protective in nature and covered a wide range of aspects of workplace industrial relations like laws on health and safety of labors, layoffs and retrenchment policies, industrial disputes and the like.
History of the Indian economy and its labour force in the post independence period can be divided into 2 phases:
The import substitution era post-independence (1947-1991)
The era of economic liberalization (after 1991)
Industrial Relation can be defined, as the relation between management and union or between representatives of employees and representatives of employers
Refers to all aspects of employement relations.
Industrial Disputes Act, is same across all sectors.
Dunlop Framework
Dunlop suggested that IR can be segmented into 4 inter-related elements:
Actors
Context
Idealogy
Rules
LIMITATIONS OF DUNLPFRAMEWORK
With liberalisation and growing environmental concerns, consumers and the community have come to play a critical role.
Also, Dunlop talks about roles, not people.
Also, various approaches of Industrial Relations are mentioned here.
This document discusses industrial relations in India, including employment trends from 1991-2015. It notes that while primary sector employment declined, secondary sector elasticity increased marginally to 0.68 from 2009-2012. Tertiary sector elasticity also declined. This "jobless growth" means increased output does not proportionately increase jobs. The roles of employees, employers, government, and unions in industrial relations are described. Objectives include avoiding conflict and improving productivity and living standards. Causes of poor relations and ways to develop healthy relations are provided.
The document discusses codes of conduct, their key features, and factors that guide codes of conduct. It also discusses industrial conflicts, their nature, causes, and economic, non-economic, management, trade union, and legal/political factors that can cause industrial disputes. The code of conduct establishes principles and expectations for group members. It aims to prevent disputes through voluntary self-discipline and cooperation between workers and management. Economic factors that can cause industrial disputes include demands for higher wages and profits, while non-economic factors include working conditions and political issues.
Need for Industrial Relations Industrial Relationsmanumelwin
Need of Industrial Relation has arisen to defend the interest of workers for adjusting the reasonable salary or wages. It also helps the workers to seek perfect working condition for producing maximum output.
The document discusses the history and evolution of industrial relations and labor laws. It covers:
- The emergence of industrial relations with the Industrial Revolution in Europe in the late 18th century and its spread globally.
- The emergence of two distinct classes - capitalists and working class - with the rise of the factory system. Initial exploitation of workers through poor conditions and child labor.
- The evolution of industrial relations in India through four phases from ancient times to post-independence, including the establishment of the first unions and passage of early labor laws.
- The tripartite nature of industrial relations involving labor, management, and the government. Key components and objectives of industrial relations.
The document provides an overview of industrial relations, including definitions of key terms, the importance of industrial relations, problems in the public sector, the growth of trade unions, and the code of conduct. It also discusses concepts, trade unions, collective bargaining, and disputes in industrial relations.
Trade unions are organizations formed by workers to collectively bargain with management to improve working conditions and protect worker interests. This document discusses the history, objectives, functions, and current state of trade unions in Bangladesh. It notes that while trade union rights are constitutionally protected, implementation remains a challenge, with low unionization rates in the private sector. Overall, trade unions play an important role in Bangladesh but continue facing issues like weak financial positions, outside influence, and lack of recognition from some employers.
The document discusses industrial relations in Malaysia. It defines industrial relations as the relationship between workers and employers in the work environment. It then outlines key aspects of industrial relations such as employment laws, terms and conditions of work, and the rights and obligations of employers and employees. It describes Malaysia's tripartite industrial relations system involving employers, employees, and the government. It also discusses the roles of organizations like the National Labor Advisory Council, International Labor Organization, and various departments within the Ministry of Human Resources that oversee industrial relations in Malaysia.
This document discusses industrial relations in India, including definitions, key parties, issues, and concepts. It defines industrial relations as the management of relationships between employers and employees. The three main parties are workers/unions, employers/associations, and the government. Contemporary issues include low wages, women's employment, ignorance, housing, and child labor. Causes of disputes include economic, management, union, and legal/political factors. Characteristics of a sound system include reflecting cultural factors and balancing interests. Industrial relations operates at the state, industry, and enterprise levels. A sound system promotes harmony, efficiency, and dispute resolution.
There has been continuous erosion of the influence and power of trade unions over the last three decades. Does this indicate that the industrial relations system premised on a concept that there is an imbalance of power in the employment relationship is now outdated, that workplace problems in a complex business environment are better addressed by new approaches such as ‘human resource management’ or organisational behaviour
the role of state in industrial relations , role of state in IR jagannath ojha
The document discusses the role of the state in industrial relations. It defines industrial relations as the complex interrelations among managers, workers, and government agencies. The key roles of the state are to improve the standard of living through legislation, promote industrial growth while considering labor, act as an impartial umpire in disputes, protect the interests of labor, sustain industrial harmony, support increased production, and properly implement legislation.
Industrial relations are the relationship between management and employees or among employees and their organization. Industrial relation deal with either the relationships between the state and the employers and the workers organization or the relation between the occupational organizations themselves. The ILO uses the expression to denote such matters as freedom of association and the protection of the right to organize, the application of the principles of the right to organize, and the right of collective bargaining, collective agreements, conciliation and arbitration and machinery for cooperation between the authorities and the occupational organizations at various levels of the economy.
The term Industrial Relations refers to relationship between Management and Labor or among Employees and their organizations that characterize or grow out of employment. Theoretically speaking, there are two parties in the employment relationship labor and management. Both parties need to work in a spirit of cooperation, adjustment and accommodation. In their own mutual interest certain rules for co-existence are formed and adhered to. Over the years, the State has also come to play a major role in Industrial Relations one, as and initiator of policies and the other, as an employer by setting up an extremely large public sector.
Industrial Relations and Trade Unions
Concept of Industrial Relations - Factors affecting industrial
relations, the importance of Industrial Relations, Collective
bargaining;
International Labour Organisation: Genesis, development and
dimensions, aims, and objectives, Organs of the International
Labour Organisation; Role of the Trade Unions in Modern
Industrial Society of India - Trade Union of Employers and
Workers, their forms and types in India.
Industrial relations & labor laws hr 03Zubair Ahmad
The document discusses various aspects of industrial relations and labor laws. It defines key terms like industrial relations, trade unions, collective bargaining, and workers participation in management. It describes the objectives and significance of industrial relations in maintaining harmonious relationships between workers and management. It also outlines the roles and functions of the main actors in industrial relations - employees, employers, and the government. The document provides details on the evolution of trade unionism and workers participation in India.
Characteristics of Industrial Relations in INDIAPratik Lahiri
The document provides an overview of the characteristics of the industrial relations system in India. Some key points from the summary:
- Trade unions in India are traditionally poorly organized and perceive their main role as opposing management decisions. Bargaining is centralized but parties often disagree on issues.
- The evolution of industrial relations in India occurred in three phases from 1947-1991, starting with import substitution and public sector growth in the first phase. The second phase saw employment and wage crises while the third phase had more independent unionism and regional systems.
- Several central labour acts govern industrial relations in India related to trade unions, wages, working conditions, equality, social security and employment. The Trade Unions Act of 1926
The New Economic Policy of 1991 aimed to pull India out of an economic crisis and accelerate growth. It introduced liberalization, privatization, and globalization reforms. While the reforms aimed to improve growth, there were concerns they could negatively impact workers through job losses from privatization and rising costs from currency devaluation that could be passed onto consumers. The impact on employment and labor was mixed, with unemployment initially rising but organized sector jobs growing later on, especially in services. The reforms also decentralized India's labor relations system.
The document discusses the nature, meaning, principles, functions and types of trade unions according to the Trade Union Act of 1926 in India. Some key points:
- Trade unions are voluntary organizations formed by workers/employers to promote their collective interests through actions like regulating relations and imposing work conditions.
- The main functions of trade unions are protecting workers' interests through collective bargaining over wages and work conditions, and providing social/welfare benefits to members.
- Trade unions can be reformist, seeking gradual change through bargaining, or revolutionary, aiming to replace the existing economic system. They may be organized by craft, industry or federation.
- The Trade Union Act of 1926 provides for registration of trade
This document provides an overview of industrial relations, including:
1. It defines industrial relations and outlines its key areas such as collective bargaining, the roles of management, unions, and government, and mechanisms for resolving disputes.
2. It discusses the importance of industrial relations for increased productivity and ethical treatment of workers.
3. It describes three main approaches to industrial relations: the unitary approach which emphasizes cooperation; the pluralistic approach which sees competing interests; and the Marxist approach which views conflicts as a result of capitalism.
This document outlines 8 key factors that affect industrial relations: institutional, economic, social, technological, psychological, political, enterprise-related, and global. Institutional factors include labor laws, unions, and collective bargaining agreements. Economic factors involve unemployment rates, economic cycles, and types of business ownership. Social factors comprise social groups, values, and status. Technological factors center around the type and rate of change of technology used. Psychological factors relate to attitudes and motivation levels. Political factors incorporate systems of government and involvement of political parties. Enterprise-related factors concern management styles and competition. Finally, global factors pertain to international relations, trade policies, and organizations like the ILO.
Prior to 1991, the industrial relations system in India sought to control conflicts and disputes through excessive labor legislation. These labor laws were protective in nature and covered a wide range of aspects of workplace industrial relations like laws on health and safety of labors, layoffs and retrenchment policies, industrial disputes and the like.
History of the Indian economy and its labour force in the post independence period can be divided into 2 phases:
The import substitution era post-independence (1947-1991)
The era of economic liberalization (after 1991)
Industrial Relation can be defined, as the relation between management and union or between representatives of employees and representatives of employers
Refers to all aspects of employement relations.
Industrial Disputes Act, is same across all sectors.
Dunlop Framework
Dunlop suggested that IR can be segmented into 4 inter-related elements:
Actors
Context
Idealogy
Rules
LIMITATIONS OF DUNLPFRAMEWORK
With liberalisation and growing environmental concerns, consumers and the community have come to play a critical role.
Also, Dunlop talks about roles, not people.
Also, various approaches of Industrial Relations are mentioned here.
This document discusses industrial relations in India, including employment trends from 1991-2015. It notes that while primary sector employment declined, secondary sector elasticity increased marginally to 0.68 from 2009-2012. Tertiary sector elasticity also declined. This "jobless growth" means increased output does not proportionately increase jobs. The roles of employees, employers, government, and unions in industrial relations are described. Objectives include avoiding conflict and improving productivity and living standards. Causes of poor relations and ways to develop healthy relations are provided.
The document discusses codes of conduct, their key features, and factors that guide codes of conduct. It also discusses industrial conflicts, their nature, causes, and economic, non-economic, management, trade union, and legal/political factors that can cause industrial disputes. The code of conduct establishes principles and expectations for group members. It aims to prevent disputes through voluntary self-discipline and cooperation between workers and management. Economic factors that can cause industrial disputes include demands for higher wages and profits, while non-economic factors include working conditions and political issues.
Need for Industrial Relations Industrial Relationsmanumelwin
Need of Industrial Relation has arisen to defend the interest of workers for adjusting the reasonable salary or wages. It also helps the workers to seek perfect working condition for producing maximum output.
The document discusses the history and evolution of industrial relations and labor laws. It covers:
- The emergence of industrial relations with the Industrial Revolution in Europe in the late 18th century and its spread globally.
- The emergence of two distinct classes - capitalists and working class - with the rise of the factory system. Initial exploitation of workers through poor conditions and child labor.
- The evolution of industrial relations in India through four phases from ancient times to post-independence, including the establishment of the first unions and passage of early labor laws.
- The tripartite nature of industrial relations involving labor, management, and the government. Key components and objectives of industrial relations.
The document provides an overview of industrial relations, including definitions of key terms, the importance of industrial relations, problems in the public sector, the growth of trade unions, and the code of conduct. It also discusses concepts, trade unions, collective bargaining, and disputes in industrial relations.
Trade unions are organizations formed by workers to collectively bargain with management to improve working conditions and protect worker interests. This document discusses the history, objectives, functions, and current state of trade unions in Bangladesh. It notes that while trade union rights are constitutionally protected, implementation remains a challenge, with low unionization rates in the private sector. Overall, trade unions play an important role in Bangladesh but continue facing issues like weak financial positions, outside influence, and lack of recognition from some employers.
The document discusses industrial relations in Malaysia. It defines industrial relations as the relationship between workers and employers in the work environment. It then outlines key aspects of industrial relations such as employment laws, terms and conditions of work, and the rights and obligations of employers and employees. It describes Malaysia's tripartite industrial relations system involving employers, employees, and the government. It also discusses the roles of organizations like the National Labor Advisory Council, International Labor Organization, and various departments within the Ministry of Human Resources that oversee industrial relations in Malaysia.
This document discusses industrial relations in India, including definitions, key parties, issues, and concepts. It defines industrial relations as the management of relationships between employers and employees. The three main parties are workers/unions, employers/associations, and the government. Contemporary issues include low wages, women's employment, ignorance, housing, and child labor. Causes of disputes include economic, management, union, and legal/political factors. Characteristics of a sound system include reflecting cultural factors and balancing interests. Industrial relations operates at the state, industry, and enterprise levels. A sound system promotes harmony, efficiency, and dispute resolution.
There has been continuous erosion of the influence and power of trade unions over the last three decades. Does this indicate that the industrial relations system premised on a concept that there is an imbalance of power in the employment relationship is now outdated, that workplace problems in a complex business environment are better addressed by new approaches such as ‘human resource management’ or organisational behaviour
the role of state in industrial relations , role of state in IR jagannath ojha
The document discusses the role of the state in industrial relations. It defines industrial relations as the complex interrelations among managers, workers, and government agencies. The key roles of the state are to improve the standard of living through legislation, promote industrial growth while considering labor, act as an impartial umpire in disputes, protect the interests of labor, sustain industrial harmony, support increased production, and properly implement legislation.
Industrial relations are the relationship between management and employees or among employees and their organization. Industrial relation deal with either the relationships between the state and the employers and the workers organization or the relation between the occupational organizations themselves. The ILO uses the expression to denote such matters as freedom of association and the protection of the right to organize, the application of the principles of the right to organize, and the right of collective bargaining, collective agreements, conciliation and arbitration and machinery for cooperation between the authorities and the occupational organizations at various levels of the economy.
The term Industrial Relations refers to relationship between Management and Labor or among Employees and their organizations that characterize or grow out of employment. Theoretically speaking, there are two parties in the employment relationship labor and management. Both parties need to work in a spirit of cooperation, adjustment and accommodation. In their own mutual interest certain rules for co-existence are formed and adhered to. Over the years, the State has also come to play a major role in Industrial Relations one, as and initiator of policies and the other, as an employer by setting up an extremely large public sector.
Industrial Relations and Trade Unions
Concept of Industrial Relations - Factors affecting industrial
relations, the importance of Industrial Relations, Collective
bargaining;
International Labour Organisation: Genesis, development and
dimensions, aims, and objectives, Organs of the International
Labour Organisation; Role of the Trade Unions in Modern
Industrial Society of India - Trade Union of Employers and
Workers, their forms and types in India.
Industrial relations & labor laws hr 03Zubair Ahmad
The document discusses various aspects of industrial relations and labor laws. It defines key terms like industrial relations, trade unions, collective bargaining, and workers participation in management. It describes the objectives and significance of industrial relations in maintaining harmonious relationships between workers and management. It also outlines the roles and functions of the main actors in industrial relations - employees, employers, and the government. The document provides details on the evolution of trade unionism and workers participation in India.
Characteristics of Industrial Relations in INDIAPratik Lahiri
The document provides an overview of the characteristics of the industrial relations system in India. Some key points from the summary:
- Trade unions in India are traditionally poorly organized and perceive their main role as opposing management decisions. Bargaining is centralized but parties often disagree on issues.
- The evolution of industrial relations in India occurred in three phases from 1947-1991, starting with import substitution and public sector growth in the first phase. The second phase saw employment and wage crises while the third phase had more independent unionism and regional systems.
- Several central labour acts govern industrial relations in India related to trade unions, wages, working conditions, equality, social security and employment. The Trade Unions Act of 1926
The New Economic Policy of 1991 aimed to pull India out of an economic crisis and accelerate growth. It introduced liberalization, privatization, and globalization reforms. While the reforms aimed to improve growth, there were concerns they could negatively impact workers through job losses from privatization and rising costs from currency devaluation that could be passed onto consumers. The impact on employment and labor was mixed, with unemployment initially rising but organized sector jobs growing later on, especially in services. The reforms also decentralized India's labor relations system.
The document discusses the nature, meaning, principles, functions and types of trade unions according to the Trade Union Act of 1926 in India. Some key points:
- Trade unions are voluntary organizations formed by workers/employers to promote their collective interests through actions like regulating relations and imposing work conditions.
- The main functions of trade unions are protecting workers' interests through collective bargaining over wages and work conditions, and providing social/welfare benefits to members.
- Trade unions can be reformist, seeking gradual change through bargaining, or revolutionary, aiming to replace the existing economic system. They may be organized by craft, industry or federation.
- The Trade Union Act of 1926 provides for registration of trade
Trade unions in India were formed to protect and promote the interests of workers by representing them, negotiating on their behalf, and giving them a voice in important decisions. Their key functions include collective bargaining for better wages and working conditions, and providing various services to members. While multiple unions can exist in one industry, having too many unions can cause issues, so a single union per industry is often suggested as the ideal solution. Some of the major national trade union organizations in India are AITUC, CITU, HMS, and INTUC.
The document discusses the definition, objectives, and functions of trade unions. It notes that trade unions are formed to regulate relations between workers and employers, and to impose conditions on businesses. Their key objectives are to improve wages and working conditions for employees through collective bargaining and other means. The functions of trade unions can be categorized as militant (fighting for workers' rights), fraternal (providing welfare benefits), political, and those related to participation in management issues.
The document discusses the concepts of land and evolution of land tenure systems in Jharkhand, India. It describes how tribals were originally the settlers in Jharkhand and held land communally. Over time, as populations increased, a chieftain system developed to coordinate villages. The Nagbanshi dynasty was established in the 13th century to govern the region. Later invasions by outsiders pushed tribals further into forests. Under Mughal rule in the 16th century, Jharkhand became a tributary state and the Raja introduced land grants to court officials to pay tribute, establishing a jagirdari system and reducing tribals to tenants.
This document provides information on industrial relations including definitions, objectives, factors, conditions, causes of poor relations, and methods of managing conflicts. It defines industrial relations as the relations between employers and employees in an industry. The objectives include promoting harmonious relations, maintaining industrial peace, establishing democracy in the workplace, and improving productivity. Factors include the employer, employees/unions, and conditions that influence good relations such as satisfying economic needs and effective negotiation skills. Causes of poor relations are also outlined, as well as effects and processes of managing organizational conflicts through various stimulation, reduction, and dominance methods.
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The Equal Remuneration Act of 1976 aims to provide equal pay for equal work for both men and women as mandated by the Indian Constitution. The Act defines remuneration broadly to include basic wages as well as additional payments in cash or kind. It does not apply to laws that provide special treatment to women regarding maternity or retirement terms. Two key court cases are discussed. Garland v British Rail established that travel benefits can constitute pay. Pickstone v Freeman's affirmed that a woman can compare her job to a different man's job when making an equal pay claim.
The Equal Remuneration Act 1976 aims to provide equal remuneration to men and women workers for similar work. It prohibits discrimination in recruitment, promotions, training or transfers based on sex. Same work or work of a similar nature is defined as work requiring equal skill, effort and responsibility under similar working conditions. The Act establishes Advisory Committees with at least half women members to advise on increasing employment opportunities for women. Authorities are appointed to hear claims and complaints, and employers must maintain registers related to workers.
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The International Labour Organisation (ILO) was established in 1919 as part of the League of Nations to promote social justice and decent work. It is the only United Nations agency that survived World War II. The ILO aims to advance opportunities for women and men to obtain decent and productive work in conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity. It has 183 member states and brings together governments, employers and workers representatives to set labour standards, develop policies and devise programmes promoting decent work.
The document discusses GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles). [1] GAAP are the common set of accounting standards, procedures and rules that govern financial accounting practices. [2] They provide guidelines for proper revenue recognition, balance sheet classifications, and share measurements to provide a fair representation of a company's financial status. [3] GAAP principles are divided into accounting concepts like the money measurement concept and dual aspect concept, and accounting conventions like full disclosure and materiality.
In this presentation, we will understand the concept of industrial psychology to contribute to the productivity, while also talking about roots and reason of certain behavior and behavioral patterns.
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This document provides an overview of the Trade Union Act of 1926 in India. It discusses key aspects of the act including the definition of a trade union, scope and coverage of the act, process of trade union registration, requirements for trade union rules, grounds for cancelling registration, permitted uses of trade union funds, rights to inspect books, and dissolution of trade unions. It also provides a case study on how a trade union organization in Maharashtra used collective bargaining to successfully resolve a dispute between hotel workers and management over reducing annual holiday time.
Trade unions are permanent associations of workers or employers formed to secure economic and social benefits for workers. In India, the major phases of trade union development were from 1850-1900, 1900-1946, and post-1947 when four central trade union organizations were functioning. Trade unions have objectives like improving wages and working conditions for workers. They have functions like negotiating for higher pay and better treatment and providing welfare. However, they also face problems like uneven growth, limited membership, multiple competing unions, and financial issues.
The Factories Act of 1948 regulates working conditions and safety standards in factories across India. It aims to ensure adequate safety measures to promote worker health and welfare. The Act applies to factories employing 10 or more workers with power or 20 or more without power. It covers provisions around working hours, leave, welfare amenities, hazardous work, and penalties for non-compliance. The document outlines key sections of the Act related to definitions, applicability, employer responsibilities, and penalties.
This document provides an overview of grievance mechanisms and procedures. It defines key terms like dissatisfaction, complaints, and grievances. It discusses the features, forms, and reasons for grievances. The effects of grievances on production, employees, and managers are outlined. The document also examines the benefits of grievance handling procedures and the objectives of addressing grievances. The grievance redressal process is broken down into three stages, with details provided about how each stage is handled.
Labour law, or employment law, governs the relationship between employers, employees, and trade unions. It deals with issues like wages, working conditions, hiring/firing practices, and workers' rights to unionize. The goal of labour laws in India is to reduce conflicts between employers and employees and promote industrial growth and national development. Labour is a shared responsibility between the central and state governments in India. Some key labour laws cover issues like industrial relations, wages, working conditions, social security, and equality in the workplace. The laws aim to protect workers' interests while maintaining harmonious relations between workers and employers.
Dear Seniors & Friends,
Sharing the PPT on "Employee's State Insurance Act 1948" of India. Kindly have a look on the Same & Share your valuable feedback & suggestion. If you found any mistake kindly update me for the modification the same.
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Anshu Shekhar Singh
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Concept & evolution of employee relations in IndiaAaina Arora
The document provides an overview of the concept, evolution, and key aspects of employee relations in India. It discusses how employee-employer relations have changed over time from the agrarian economy stage through the handicrafts, cottage industry, and modern factory stages of industrial development. The main features of employee relations are described as being characterized by both conflict and cooperation, and as being influenced by various environmental, institutional, and policy factors. The key aspects and goals of industrial relations are also outlined.
This document outlines the topics covered in an Industrial Relations course taught by Mamorai & Gankar. The 10 lessons cover key concepts like the scope and objectives of IR, the role of the judiciary, collective bargaining, trade union movements, and the impact of globalization. An overview is provided of the historical development of IR, from pre-industrial times through the Industrial Revolution. The components of an IR system are defined as workers/unions, management, and government. Factors influencing IR are discussed from institutional, economic, social, technological, political, and global perspectives. Different approaches to studying IR are also mentioned, such as psychological, sociological, and systems-oriented frameworks.
Industrial relations involves the relationships between employers, employees, and their representative organizations within an industry. It includes the processes of collective bargaining, worker participation, and grievance resolution. The key parties involved are employees, employers, employer associations, trade unions, and the government. Industrial relations are shaped by institutional, economic, and technological factors. The objectives of industrial relations are to minimize conflict, improve productivity and working conditions, and establish effective communication between workers and management. Developing sound industrial relations requires trust between labor and management, top management support, and a professional human resources approach.
The document is a project report submitted for a post graduate diploma on personnel management. It discusses industrial relations at Amrit Banaspati Company Ltd in Rajpura. The company was established in 1969 and manufactures various edible oils and fats under different brands. It has a large production capacity and distribution network. The report provides details on the company's history, management, products, and factories act provisions related to industrial relations. It aims to analyze the industrial relations operations and level of employee satisfaction at the company.
This document provides definitions and details about industrial relations, including:
1) Industrial relations involve the relationship between employers/management and employees/workers in an industry.
2) The objectives of industrial relations are to improve the economic conditions of workers, control industries, socialize/nationalize industries, and give workers ownership of industries.
3) Industrial relations aim to establish harmony between labor and management, improve productivity, avoid conflicts, and develop industrial democracy for progress.
This document is a project report submitted by Subhan Mohammad to fulfill the requirements for a Post Graduate Diploma in Management. The report examines industrial relations at Oil Country Tubular Limited in India. It includes declarations, certificates of work, acknowledgements, and an outline of chapter contents. The introduction provides background on the history and meaning of industrial relations, and justification for studying this topic at Oil Country Tubular Limited. The research methodology outlines the objectives, scope, limitations, and data collection methods for the project, which involves surveying 100 employees to understand the current industrial relations systems, collective bargaining processes, grievance procedures, and impact on organizational efficiency.
This document is a project report submitted by Subhan Mohammad to fulfill the requirements for a Post Graduate Diploma in Management. The report examines industrial relations at Oil Country Tubular Limited in India. It includes declarations, certificates of work, acknowledgements, and an outline of chapter contents. The introduction provides background on the history and meaning of industrial relations, and justification for studying this topic at Oil Country Tubular Limited. The research methodology outlines the objectives, scope, limitations, and data collection methods for the project, which involves surveying 100 employees to understand the current industrial relations systems, collective bargaining processes, grievance procedures, and impact on organizational efficiency.
This document provides an introduction to industrial relations and labour relations. It defines industrial relations as the interaction between employees and management in the workplace, including relationships at both the individual and group levels. The document outlines the history of the labour movement in Jamaica, from slavery to the establishment of unions. It discusses theoretical perspectives on industrial relations like the unitary, pluralist, and human relations approaches. Finally, it examines key concepts in industrial relations such as fairness, power, individualism vs collectivism, and the roles of major actors like management, labour, government and unions.
This document defines and discusses industrial relations. It provides definitions of industrial relations from various sources that focus on the relationship between employers and employees/trade unions. Key aspects of industrial relations discussed include maintaining harmonious relationships to safeguard interests of both parties, avoiding disputes to ensure productivity, and how good industrial relations leads to industrial peace and higher production. The document also outlines objectives, importance, determining factors and differences between industrial relations and human relations.
This document discusses industrial relations, which refers to the relationships between employers and employees within an industry. It covers the meaning of industrial relations, its importance, objectives, and present status in India. Industrial relations aim to create cooperation between labor and management to maintain harmonious relationships and avoid conflicts. They help establish workplace democracy, economic growth, and improved employee morale. The document also outlines several conceptual models that frame industrial relations, including psychological, sociological, human relations, socio-ethical, and Gandhian approaches.
The role of workplace partnership strategies in employee management relationsAlexander Decker
This document discusses workplace partnership strategies and their role in employee-management relations. It begins by explaining that organizations aim to earn profits and develop strategies to do so, with one major concern being how to deal with employees. Workplace partnerships that consider both business and employee needs before decision-making have been shown to contribute to healthy relationships. The document then reviews literature on the evolution of industrial relations and interactions between employers, employees, and governments. It defines industrial relations and discusses factors like legislation, unions, and economic conditions that influence the quality of relations.
Industrial relations is a multidisciplinary field that studies the employment relationship. Industrial relations is increasingly being called employment relations or employee relations because of the importance of non-industrial employment relationships; this move is sometimes seen as further broadening of the human resource management trend.
The document discusses industrial relations (IR), which refers to the relationship between employees and management in an industry. Key points include:
1. IR involves many variables and aims to maintain harmonious relations through collective bargaining and grievance procedures.
2. The main actors in IR are workers/unions, management/employers associations, and the government, which shapes IR policies through laws and agreements.
3. Collective bargaining is an important process that establishes work conditions, avoids disputes, and promotes stable industry-labor relations.
This document discusses key concepts in industrial relations such as definitions, approaches, importance, problems, principles, and growth of trade unions. It defines industrial relations as the complex interrelations among managers, workers and government agencies. Some important points discussed are:
- Industrial relations establish industrial democracy and contribute to economic growth.
- Common approaches include psychological, sociological, and human relations.
- Problems in the public sector include mental inertia, unhealthy conditions, and strikes.
- Principles of good relations are collective bargaining, fair treatment, and cooperation.
- Trade unions aim to improve workers' conditions and resolve issues.
- International organizations that coordinate unions are WFTU, WCL, and ICFTU.
The document provides an overview of industrial relations, including:
1. It defines industrial relations as the relationships between employees, employers, and labor unions within an organizational setting and discusses the need to maintain cooperation and avoid conflict.
2. It outlines the perspectives and objectives of industrial relations from the viewpoints of workers, employers, society, and government. Key objectives include establishing sound relationships, avoiding conflicts, and promoting industrial democracy.
3. It discusses the scope of industrial relations, including labor relations, employer-employee relations, and mechanisms for handling conflicts. Maintaining healthy relations and industrial peace are also identified as main aspects.
This document provides an overview of industrial relations and discusses the shift from industrial relations to employment relations. It begins by defining industrial relations and outlining its traditional focus on collective bargaining and dispute resolution. However, globalization and other economic changes have led to a broader focus on individual employment relationships and human resource management. The scope of industrial relations now extends beyond unions and collective issues to include all work-related interactions and enterprise performance. This represents a transition from industrial relations to the broader concept of employment relations, which emphasizes individual employees, cooperation between management and workers, and developing a productive work environment with less conflict.
This document discusses the concepts and importance of industrial relations. It defines industrial relations as the complex relationships between managers, workers, and government agencies. Good industrial relations are important as they establish industrial democracy, contribute to economic growth, improve workforce morale, ensure optimal resource use, discourage unfair practices, prompt sound labor legislation, and facilitate change. The document also discusses approaches to industrial relations like psychological, sociological, and human relations approaches. It outlines objectives, problems, and principles of good industrial relations and defines and explains the functions of trade unions.
Industrial relations deals with the relationships between workers, employers, and the government. The key objectives of industrial relations are to avoid disputes between management and labor to increase productivity, ensure fair wages and working conditions for employees, and bring about government oversight of industries. The major issues in industrial relations include communication between parties, the role of unions, wages and benefits, corporate ideology, achieving competitiveness, employer flexibility, the role of government and unions, technology, and the inherent adversarial positions between management and labor. Protected industrial action by employees allows them to strike or protest without legal repercussions if proper procedures are followed, while unprotected industrial action could result in penalties or job termination.
Social Challenges of Industrial Relations: A Study of Federal Polytechnic Oil...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The purpose of this paper was to investigate the
social challenges of Industrial Relations in Federal Polytechnic
Oil and Gas, Bonny, Rivers State, Nigeria and to evaluate the
different Industrial Relations which were carried out in most
organizations. The research design was descriptive survey to
investigation and observed the proper Industrial Relations
Practices which were carried out in Oil and Gas companies
operating in the Bonny, Rivers State, Nigeria. It very
important for companies to avoid societal conflicts and
discontents, ensure industrial peace and harmony, as a result
of achieving better performance, at work place which
encourage productivity and growth. Human being are the
active agents who accumulate capital, exploit natural
resources, build social, economical and political organizations
and carry forward national development.
Industrial relations may be defined as the relations and interactions in the industry particularly between the labour and management as a result of their composite attitudes and approaches in regard to the management of the affairs of the industry, for the betterment of not only the management and the workers but also of the industry and the economy as a whole.
The term industrial relations explains the relationship between employees and management which stem directly or indirectly from union-employer relationship.
Industrial relation is the relation in the industry created by the diverse and complex attitudes and approaches of both management and workers in connection with the management of the industry.
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2. CONCEPT
INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DENOTES EMPLOYEE-EMPLOYER RELATIONS (ORGANIZED &
UNORGANIZED SECTOR)
DEFINED AS A PROCESS BY WHICH PEOPLE & THEIR ORGANIZATION INTERACT AT THE PLACE
OF TO ESTABLISH T&C OF EMPLOYMENT
ER CONSISTS OF AREAS INVOLVING GENERAL RELATIONSHIPS WITH WORKFORCE AND
MANAGEMENT, THROUGH COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS
ER IS A BROADER TERM AS COMPARED TO IR AS IT COVERS ALL RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN AN
ORGANIZATION.
IR IS RESTRICTED TO TRADE UNION RELATIONS.
3. MAIN FEATURES
EMPLOYEE REALTIONS DO NOT EMERGE IN VACUUM
CHARACTERIZED BY BOTH CONFLICT AND CO-OPERATION
ER, IN ITS STUDY INCLUDES VITAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES-
TECHNOLOGY, SOCIO-ECONOMIC & POLITICAL CONDITIONS OF THE
COUNTRY, NATION’S LABOR POLICY, ATTITUDE OF TU & IMAPCT OF
GLOBAL MARKET FORCES
STUDIES THE LAWS, RULES, REGULATIONS, AGREEMENTS, AWARDS OF
COURT, CUSTOMS & TRADITIONS AND POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR
ELICITING COOPERATION BETWEEN BOTH PARTIES.
4. FACTORS INFLUENCING EMPLOYEE
RELATIONS
INSTITUTIONS- INCLUDE GOVERNMENT EMPLOYERS, TRADE UNIONS, UNION
FEDERATIONS, EMPLOYER ASSOCIATIONS, GOVERNMENT BODIES, LABOR
COURTS, TRIBUNALS ETC.
CHARACTERS- TO STUDY ROLE OF WORKERS, UNIONS AND EMPLOYER’S
FEDERATION OFFICIALS, JUDGES OF LABOR COURTS, MEDIATORS ETC.
METHODS- FOCUS ON COLLECTIVE BARGAINING, WORKERS’ PARTICIPATION
IN ER SCHEMES, DISCIPLINE, GRIVIENCE REDRESSAL, DISPUTE SETTLEMENT,
UNION RECOGNITION ETC.
CONTENTS- INCLUDES MATTER PERTAINING TO EMPLOYMENT CONDITIONS
(PAY & OTHER MONETORY AND NON-MONETORY DEMANDS, LEAVE,
WORKING HOURS, H&S, RETIREMENT, LAY-OFF ETC.)
5. SCOPE & ASPECTS OF IR
INDUSTRY- A SOCIAL WORLD IN A MINIATURE WHERE AN ASSOCIATION
OF VARIETY OF PEOPLE LIKE EMPLOYERS, EXECUTIVES, SUPERVISORY
PERSONELL AND WORKMEN INTERACT
THIS ASSOCIATION, AFFECTS NOT ONLY LABOR RELATIONS BUT ALSO
SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND MORAL LIVES OF COMMUNITIES.
IR INCLUDES LABOR RELATIONS, EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE RELATIONS,
GROUP RELATIONS AND/OR COMMUNITY/PUBLIC RELATIONS
6. PROMOTION AND
DEVELOPMENT OF
HEALTHY LABOR
MANAGEMENT
RELATIONS
MAINTAINANCE OF
INDUSTRIAL PEACE
DEVELOPMENT OF
INDUSTRIAL
DEMOCRACY
MAIN ASPECTS OF IR
7. EVOLUTION
AGRARIAN ECONOMY STAGE
i. Developed during the middle ages and brought about a change
in the views of ‘property’
ii. Property, a common & collective asset of the group in the tribal
society, but was now being fought upon.
iii. A class of propertied landlords and property-less workers emerged
iv. Workers were treated as slaves
v. Employee-employer relationship that of master-slave relationship
8. HANDICRAFTS STAGE
i. This system developed because of emergence of more and more
towns & cities, increase in trade and commerce and decline in
power of feudal lords
ii. Brought about a change in the career standards of the working
class.
iii. Craftsmen owned factors of production (such as land, capital
etc.) and worked with their own tools in their own homes or
workplace.
iv. They got no wages except lodging and boarding facilities from the
master carftsman.
9. COTTAGE OR PUTTING OUT STAGE
i. With development of economic system, some individuals became
employees in the new industrial units
ii. Industrial units were formed as a result of technological changes &
expansion of market and trade
iii. Master craftsmen supplied raw materials to the other craftsmen
iv. The craftsmen worked with the members of their family, from their homes
and were paid on piece-work basis
10. FACTORY OR THE INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM STAGE
i. With the passage of time the importance of machinery over men was
realized
ii. Installation of machines, power-tools and equipment was done
iii. Employment opportunities in the newly opened workshops or factories
was open
iv. This was the onset of the Industrial Revolution
v. Humans were replaced by machines and factory system made its
strong base
vi. Women & child labor employed for long hours
vii. Living and working conditions were made deplorable and
accommodation inadequate
viii. Relationship of employer and employee became more impersonal