Computer forensics is the scientific process of preserving, identifying, extracting, documenting and interpreting data from computers to be used as potential legal evidence. It is used by law enforcement to gather evidence to prosecute crimes, and by organizations to investigate employees. The computer forensic specialist must follow proper procedures to collect, examine and analyze digital evidence while maintaining the chain of custody to ensure the integrity of the evidence in court. The basic methodology consists of acquiring evidence without altering it, authenticating any copies, and analyzing the data without modification.
Ce hv6 module 57 computer forensics and incident handlingVi Tính Hoàng Nam
The incident response team will take several steps to investigate the denial of service attack on OrientRecruitmentInc's web server. They will first isolate the compromised system to contain the attack. The team will then analyze logs and files on the system to identify the source and technical details of the attack. Finally, the team will work to restore normal operations by fixing vulnerabilities and installing patches, while also preparing a report on their findings and response for management.
This document provides an overview of computer forensics, including its history, definitions, types of cyber crimes, and the role of computer forensics in investigations. It discusses how computer forensics has evolved from early uses in law enforcement to become a more standardized field. The document also outlines the stages of a forensic investigation and rules that investigators follow to preserve evidence.
This document summarizes a training program on cyber security that took place from November 19th to December 2nd 2018. It covered topics such as computer forensics and its tools, traditional computer crimes, identity theft and fraud, computer forensics techniques, cyber crimes and how to reduce risks of identity theft. The training discussed investigating computer systems for evidence of crimes and recovering deleted files through data acquisition and forensic analysis.
Chfi V3 Module 01 Computer Forensics In Todays Worldgueste0d962
This document provides an overview of computer forensics. It discusses the history of forensics, defines computer forensics, and outlines the objectives and benefits of forensic readiness. The document also describes common computer crimes, reasons for cyber attacks, and the stages of a forensic investigation. The overall goal of the document is to familiarize the reader with computer forensics concepts and their application in today's world.
Digital forensics involves analyzing digital artifacts like computers, storage devices, and network traffic as potential legal evidence. The process includes preparing investigators, collecting evidence while maintaining a chain of custody, examining and analyzing the data, and reporting the results. Key steps are imaging systems to obtain an exact duplicate without altering the original, recovering volatile data from memory, and using tools like EnCase and The Sleuth Kit to manually review and search the evidence for relevant information.
Digital Crime & Forensics - Presentationprashant3535
The document discusses digital crime and forensics. It defines digital crime as any crime where a computer is used as a tool or target. Examples include malware, denial of service attacks, and phishing. Forensics involves the identification, preservation, extraction, documentation, interpretation and presentation of digital evidence. However, forensics faces challenges due to issues like anonymity, large data storage, encryption, and differences between legal systems of countries. The document concludes that collaboration between law enforcement, governments and industry is needed to address new trends in digital crime.
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of a computer forensic investigator. It explains that an investigator must gather digital evidence in a forensically-sound manner from various computer systems and devices. This includes recovering deleted files, analyzing file slack and unallocated space, validating email messages, and using file hashes and metadata to determine what files were created on which devices. The goal is to properly handle, analyze, and present admissible digital evidence in court.
Ce hv6 module 57 computer forensics and incident handlingVi Tính Hoàng Nam
The incident response team will take several steps to investigate the denial of service attack on OrientRecruitmentInc's web server. They will first isolate the compromised system to contain the attack. The team will then analyze logs and files on the system to identify the source and technical details of the attack. Finally, the team will work to restore normal operations by fixing vulnerabilities and installing patches, while also preparing a report on their findings and response for management.
This document provides an overview of computer forensics, including its history, definitions, types of cyber crimes, and the role of computer forensics in investigations. It discusses how computer forensics has evolved from early uses in law enforcement to become a more standardized field. The document also outlines the stages of a forensic investigation and rules that investigators follow to preserve evidence.
This document summarizes a training program on cyber security that took place from November 19th to December 2nd 2018. It covered topics such as computer forensics and its tools, traditional computer crimes, identity theft and fraud, computer forensics techniques, cyber crimes and how to reduce risks of identity theft. The training discussed investigating computer systems for evidence of crimes and recovering deleted files through data acquisition and forensic analysis.
Chfi V3 Module 01 Computer Forensics In Todays Worldgueste0d962
This document provides an overview of computer forensics. It discusses the history of forensics, defines computer forensics, and outlines the objectives and benefits of forensic readiness. The document also describes common computer crimes, reasons for cyber attacks, and the stages of a forensic investigation. The overall goal of the document is to familiarize the reader with computer forensics concepts and their application in today's world.
Digital forensics involves analyzing digital artifacts like computers, storage devices, and network traffic as potential legal evidence. The process includes preparing investigators, collecting evidence while maintaining a chain of custody, examining and analyzing the data, and reporting the results. Key steps are imaging systems to obtain an exact duplicate without altering the original, recovering volatile data from memory, and using tools like EnCase and The Sleuth Kit to manually review and search the evidence for relevant information.
Digital Crime & Forensics - Presentationprashant3535
The document discusses digital crime and forensics. It defines digital crime as any crime where a computer is used as a tool or target. Examples include malware, denial of service attacks, and phishing. Forensics involves the identification, preservation, extraction, documentation, interpretation and presentation of digital evidence. However, forensics faces challenges due to issues like anonymity, large data storage, encryption, and differences between legal systems of countries. The document concludes that collaboration between law enforcement, governments and industry is needed to address new trends in digital crime.
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of a computer forensic investigator. It explains that an investigator must gather digital evidence in a forensically-sound manner from various computer systems and devices. This includes recovering deleted files, analyzing file slack and unallocated space, validating email messages, and using file hashes and metadata to determine what files were created on which devices. The goal is to properly handle, analyze, and present admissible digital evidence in court.
This webinar presentation discusses the concept of the "Internet of Evidence" and how various sensor data from devices can be used to establish facts in legal cases. The presenter, Wayne Norris, gives two case studies as examples. The first involves a criminal case where sensor data from devices could have helped determine timelines and alibis. The second involves a contempt case where cell phone records were not obtained in time. Norris argues that the legal system needs to incorporate growing sources of sensor data to resolve disputes.
Computer forensics is the process of identifying, preserving, analyzing and presenting digital evidence in a way that is legally acceptable. It aims to find criminal evidence and present it legally to punish criminals. The main steps are identifying evidence through acquisition and collection, preserving it, analyzing and extracting information from it, documenting the process, and presenting findings. It requires forensic tools like disk imaging software, hashing tools, and password cracking software. It is used for criminal prosecution, civil litigation, detecting financial fraud, and investigating corporate policy violations.
Computer forensics is a branch of digital forensic science involving the legal investigation and analysis of evidence found in computers and digital storage media. The objectives are to recover, analyze, and preserve digital evidence in a way that can be presented in a court of law, and to identify evidence and assess the identity and intent of perpetrators in a timely manner. Computer forensics techniques include acquiring, identifying, evaluating, and presenting digital evidence found in files, databases, audio/video files, websites, and other locations on computers, as well as analyzing deleted files, network activity, and detecting steganography.
This document discusses considerations for hiring a digital forensics expert. It defines digital forensics and explains how digital evidence can be found in various devices and used to solve crimes. It outlines the objectives and methodology of digital forensics investigations, including preservation, collection, analysis and presentation of digital evidence. The document warns of risks in self-collecting digital evidence and stresses the importance of using properly trained experts who can ensure evidence is admissible in court.
This document discusses computer forensic software. It begins by defining forensic science and its application in criminal investigations and law. Computer forensics is described as applying investigative techniques to gather and analyze digital evidence from computing devices in a way that can be presented in a court of law. The benefits of computer forensics for various groups are outlined. The typical steps in a computer forensic investigation including acquisition, analysis, and reporting are explained. Popular forensic software like Encase and Access Data are introduced, noting their features for versatility, flexibility, robustness, and ability to handle different file types and operating systems.
Cyber forensics involves applying scientific methods to digital evidence for legal purposes. It includes preserving, acquiring, analyzing, discovering, documenting, and presenting digital evidence. Common goals are to determine if unauthorized activity or crimes occurred using computer systems and networks. Cyber crimes are growing and can include hacking, cyber stalking, spamming, and intellectual property theft. Forensic investigations follow standard procedures including seizing evidence, making copies, and analyzing to find relevant information for legal cases.
This document provides an overview of computer forensics. It defines computer forensics as involving the preservation, identification, extraction, documentation and interpretation of computer data for legal evidence. The history of computer forensics is then summarized, noting its origins in the 1970s with early computer crimes and the realization that computer evidence was needed. An overview of who utilizes computer forensics and the basic methodology involving preparation, collection, examination, analysis and reporting is also provided.
Computer forensics vital_for_combating_cyber_crimesVicky Shah
Computer forensics is vital for investigating cyber crimes. It involves properly collecting, analyzing, and presenting digital evidence in court. Specialized software is needed to preserve evidence without alteration and authenticate that it was not tampered with. This allows investigators to recover deleted files and other data to determine if a system was compromised, how it occurred, and identify intruders. With more cases, computer forensics tools are increasingly important to counter cyber crimes and protect organizations.
Digital forensics is the application of science to solve legal problems involving digital evidence. It has emerged since the 1980s as computer crimes have grown. There are challenges to reliability such as standards, controls, and new technologies like cloud and solid state drives. Case studies demonstrate how digital evidence can solve old cases, as with the BTK killer through metadata on a word document. The field faces ongoing challenges but continued research supports its validity in courts of law.
computer forensics: consists of history, their need, types of crime, how experts work, rules of evidence, forensic tools, tools based on different categories.
extremely detailed ppt, consists of information difficult to find. very useful for paper presentation competitions.
Digital Forensics best practices with the use of open source tools and admiss...Sagar Rahurkar
This document discusses digital forensics best practices using open source tools and the admissibility of digital evidence in courts. It provides an overview of digital forensics processes including acquisition, analysis, documentation and reporting of digital evidence from devices, networks and online activities. It compares open source and proprietary forensic tools and lists examples of each. The document also discusses requirements for digital evidence admissibility in Indian courts under the Evidence Act and the role of expert witnesses in digital forensics cases.
This document provides an overview of computer forensics. It defines computer forensics as the process of preserving, identifying, extracting, documenting and interpreting computer data for legal evidence. The document outlines the history of the field from the 1970s to present day, describes the typical steps of acquisition, identification, evaluation and presentation, and discusses certifications, requirements, evidence collection, uses, advantages and disadvantages of computer forensics. It concludes that computer forensics is needed to uncover electronic evidence for prosecuting cybercrimes.
Digital forensics is the preservation, identification, extraction and documentation of computer evidence for use in courts. There are various branches including network, firewall, database and mobile device forensics. Digital forensics helps solve cases of theft, fraud, hacking and viruses. Challenges include increased data storage, rapid technology changes and lack of physical evidence. Three case studies showed how digital forensics uncovered evidence through encrypted communications, text messages and diverted drug operations. The future of digital forensics includes more sophisticated tools and techniques to analyze large amounts of data.
Digital forensics involves the process of preserving, analyzing, and presenting digital evidence in a manner that is legally acceptable. This document defines digital forensics and outlines the key steps involved, including acquiring evidence, recovering data, analyzing findings, and presenting results. It also discusses who uses computer forensics, common file types and locations examined, and important tools and skills required by forensic examiners. Maintaining a legally-sound methodology is important to ensure evidence is handled properly and can be used in legal cases.
The presentation is all about computer forensics. the process , the tools and its features and some example scenarios.. It will give you a great insight into the computer forensics
This document is a research project submitted by Ronak Karanpuria to Prof. S.B.N. Prakash at the National Law School of India University in Bangalore for the subject of E-commerce & IT law in trimester IV of 2013-14. The research project examines the topic of "Electronic Evidence" and addresses its relevance, authenticity, and admissibility in court procedures in the context of the modern digital environment. The document includes sections on the types of electronic evidence, assessing electronic evidence, techno-legal prerequisites for electronic evidence, and the admissibility of electronic evidence. It also briefly discusses cloud computing.
The document outlines the steps of a cyber forensic investigation process:
1. Verification and identification of systems involved to collect relevant data.
2. Preservation, collection and acquisition of evidence from systems in a manner that minimizes data loss and maintains a legally defensible chain of custody.
3. Processing, review and analysis of collected data through techniques like timeline analysis, keyword searching and data recovery to find relevant evidence.
This document discusses the future of digital forensics and proposes a "Forensic Cloud" framework. Key points include:
- The need for multi-source evidence acquisition, relationship analysis, intuitive analysis, and automatic analysis based on user profiles given the proliferation of devices, data sources, and online activity.
- A Forensic Cloud framework that provides forensics as a service using distributed parallel processing, mobile access, online acquisition, and automation to address challenges like large storage volumes, new devices/services, and mobility.
- Core functions would include attestation, acquisition, analysis, visualization, and eDiscovery services through a centralized repository and analysis automation. This would provide real-time digital forensics
Computer forensics involves the collection, analysis and presentation of digital evidence for use in legal cases. It combines elements of law, computer science and forensic science. The goal is to identify, collect and analyze digital data in a way that preserves its integrity so it can be used as admissible evidence. This involves understanding storage technologies, file systems, data recovery techniques and tools for acquisition, discovery and analysis of both volatile and persistent data. Computer forensics practitioners must be aware of ethical standards to maintain impartiality and integrity in their investigations.
This document provides an overview of computer forensics. It defines computer forensics as the process of identifying, preserving, analyzing and presenting digital evidence in a legally acceptable manner. The document discusses the history, goals, and methodology of computer forensics, as well as who uses these services and the skills required. Computer forensics is used to find evidence for a variety of computer crimes and cybercrimes to assist in arrests and prosecutions.
This document provides an overview of computer forensics. It defines computer forensics as identifying, preserving, analyzing, and presenting digital evidence. It discusses the history, goals, and methodology of computer forensics. Key aspects covered include types of cyber crimes and digital evidence, top locations for evidence, and skills required for computer forensics experts. The document concludes that computer forensics is needed to find and use crucial electronic evidence to prosecute individuals.
This webinar presentation discusses the concept of the "Internet of Evidence" and how various sensor data from devices can be used to establish facts in legal cases. The presenter, Wayne Norris, gives two case studies as examples. The first involves a criminal case where sensor data from devices could have helped determine timelines and alibis. The second involves a contempt case where cell phone records were not obtained in time. Norris argues that the legal system needs to incorporate growing sources of sensor data to resolve disputes.
Computer forensics is the process of identifying, preserving, analyzing and presenting digital evidence in a way that is legally acceptable. It aims to find criminal evidence and present it legally to punish criminals. The main steps are identifying evidence through acquisition and collection, preserving it, analyzing and extracting information from it, documenting the process, and presenting findings. It requires forensic tools like disk imaging software, hashing tools, and password cracking software. It is used for criminal prosecution, civil litigation, detecting financial fraud, and investigating corporate policy violations.
Computer forensics is a branch of digital forensic science involving the legal investigation and analysis of evidence found in computers and digital storage media. The objectives are to recover, analyze, and preserve digital evidence in a way that can be presented in a court of law, and to identify evidence and assess the identity and intent of perpetrators in a timely manner. Computer forensics techniques include acquiring, identifying, evaluating, and presenting digital evidence found in files, databases, audio/video files, websites, and other locations on computers, as well as analyzing deleted files, network activity, and detecting steganography.
This document discusses considerations for hiring a digital forensics expert. It defines digital forensics and explains how digital evidence can be found in various devices and used to solve crimes. It outlines the objectives and methodology of digital forensics investigations, including preservation, collection, analysis and presentation of digital evidence. The document warns of risks in self-collecting digital evidence and stresses the importance of using properly trained experts who can ensure evidence is admissible in court.
This document discusses computer forensic software. It begins by defining forensic science and its application in criminal investigations and law. Computer forensics is described as applying investigative techniques to gather and analyze digital evidence from computing devices in a way that can be presented in a court of law. The benefits of computer forensics for various groups are outlined. The typical steps in a computer forensic investigation including acquisition, analysis, and reporting are explained. Popular forensic software like Encase and Access Data are introduced, noting their features for versatility, flexibility, robustness, and ability to handle different file types and operating systems.
Cyber forensics involves applying scientific methods to digital evidence for legal purposes. It includes preserving, acquiring, analyzing, discovering, documenting, and presenting digital evidence. Common goals are to determine if unauthorized activity or crimes occurred using computer systems and networks. Cyber crimes are growing and can include hacking, cyber stalking, spamming, and intellectual property theft. Forensic investigations follow standard procedures including seizing evidence, making copies, and analyzing to find relevant information for legal cases.
This document provides an overview of computer forensics. It defines computer forensics as involving the preservation, identification, extraction, documentation and interpretation of computer data for legal evidence. The history of computer forensics is then summarized, noting its origins in the 1970s with early computer crimes and the realization that computer evidence was needed. An overview of who utilizes computer forensics and the basic methodology involving preparation, collection, examination, analysis and reporting is also provided.
Computer forensics vital_for_combating_cyber_crimesVicky Shah
Computer forensics is vital for investigating cyber crimes. It involves properly collecting, analyzing, and presenting digital evidence in court. Specialized software is needed to preserve evidence without alteration and authenticate that it was not tampered with. This allows investigators to recover deleted files and other data to determine if a system was compromised, how it occurred, and identify intruders. With more cases, computer forensics tools are increasingly important to counter cyber crimes and protect organizations.
Digital forensics is the application of science to solve legal problems involving digital evidence. It has emerged since the 1980s as computer crimes have grown. There are challenges to reliability such as standards, controls, and new technologies like cloud and solid state drives. Case studies demonstrate how digital evidence can solve old cases, as with the BTK killer through metadata on a word document. The field faces ongoing challenges but continued research supports its validity in courts of law.
computer forensics: consists of history, their need, types of crime, how experts work, rules of evidence, forensic tools, tools based on different categories.
extremely detailed ppt, consists of information difficult to find. very useful for paper presentation competitions.
Digital Forensics best practices with the use of open source tools and admiss...Sagar Rahurkar
This document discusses digital forensics best practices using open source tools and the admissibility of digital evidence in courts. It provides an overview of digital forensics processes including acquisition, analysis, documentation and reporting of digital evidence from devices, networks and online activities. It compares open source and proprietary forensic tools and lists examples of each. The document also discusses requirements for digital evidence admissibility in Indian courts under the Evidence Act and the role of expert witnesses in digital forensics cases.
This document provides an overview of computer forensics. It defines computer forensics as the process of preserving, identifying, extracting, documenting and interpreting computer data for legal evidence. The document outlines the history of the field from the 1970s to present day, describes the typical steps of acquisition, identification, evaluation and presentation, and discusses certifications, requirements, evidence collection, uses, advantages and disadvantages of computer forensics. It concludes that computer forensics is needed to uncover electronic evidence for prosecuting cybercrimes.
Digital forensics is the preservation, identification, extraction and documentation of computer evidence for use in courts. There are various branches including network, firewall, database and mobile device forensics. Digital forensics helps solve cases of theft, fraud, hacking and viruses. Challenges include increased data storage, rapid technology changes and lack of physical evidence. Three case studies showed how digital forensics uncovered evidence through encrypted communications, text messages and diverted drug operations. The future of digital forensics includes more sophisticated tools and techniques to analyze large amounts of data.
Digital forensics involves the process of preserving, analyzing, and presenting digital evidence in a manner that is legally acceptable. This document defines digital forensics and outlines the key steps involved, including acquiring evidence, recovering data, analyzing findings, and presenting results. It also discusses who uses computer forensics, common file types and locations examined, and important tools and skills required by forensic examiners. Maintaining a legally-sound methodology is important to ensure evidence is handled properly and can be used in legal cases.
The presentation is all about computer forensics. the process , the tools and its features and some example scenarios.. It will give you a great insight into the computer forensics
This document is a research project submitted by Ronak Karanpuria to Prof. S.B.N. Prakash at the National Law School of India University in Bangalore for the subject of E-commerce & IT law in trimester IV of 2013-14. The research project examines the topic of "Electronic Evidence" and addresses its relevance, authenticity, and admissibility in court procedures in the context of the modern digital environment. The document includes sections on the types of electronic evidence, assessing electronic evidence, techno-legal prerequisites for electronic evidence, and the admissibility of electronic evidence. It also briefly discusses cloud computing.
The document outlines the steps of a cyber forensic investigation process:
1. Verification and identification of systems involved to collect relevant data.
2. Preservation, collection and acquisition of evidence from systems in a manner that minimizes data loss and maintains a legally defensible chain of custody.
3. Processing, review and analysis of collected data through techniques like timeline analysis, keyword searching and data recovery to find relevant evidence.
This document discusses the future of digital forensics and proposes a "Forensic Cloud" framework. Key points include:
- The need for multi-source evidence acquisition, relationship analysis, intuitive analysis, and automatic analysis based on user profiles given the proliferation of devices, data sources, and online activity.
- A Forensic Cloud framework that provides forensics as a service using distributed parallel processing, mobile access, online acquisition, and automation to address challenges like large storage volumes, new devices/services, and mobility.
- Core functions would include attestation, acquisition, analysis, visualization, and eDiscovery services through a centralized repository and analysis automation. This would provide real-time digital forensics
Computer forensics involves the collection, analysis and presentation of digital evidence for use in legal cases. It combines elements of law, computer science and forensic science. The goal is to identify, collect and analyze digital data in a way that preserves its integrity so it can be used as admissible evidence. This involves understanding storage technologies, file systems, data recovery techniques and tools for acquisition, discovery and analysis of both volatile and persistent data. Computer forensics practitioners must be aware of ethical standards to maintain impartiality and integrity in their investigations.
This document provides an overview of computer forensics. It defines computer forensics as the process of identifying, preserving, analyzing and presenting digital evidence in a legally acceptable manner. The document discusses the history, goals, and methodology of computer forensics, as well as who uses these services and the skills required. Computer forensics is used to find evidence for a variety of computer crimes and cybercrimes to assist in arrests and prosecutions.
This document provides an overview of computer forensics. It defines computer forensics as identifying, preserving, analyzing, and presenting digital evidence. It discusses the history, goals, and methodology of computer forensics. Key aspects covered include types of cyber crimes and digital evidence, top locations for evidence, and skills required for computer forensics experts. The document concludes that computer forensics is needed to find and use crucial electronic evidence to prosecute individuals.
This document provides an overview of computer forensics. It defines computer forensics as identifying, preserving, analyzing, and presenting digital evidence. It discusses the history, goals, and methodology of computer forensics. Key aspects covered include types of cyber crimes and digital evidence, top locations for evidence, and skills required for computer forensics experts. The document concludes that computer forensics is needed to find and use crucial electronic evidence to prosecute individuals.
The document provides an overview of digital and computer forensics. It defines digital forensics as the recovery and investigation of material found in digital devices, often related to computer crimes. Computer forensics is described as the process of identifying, preserving, analyzing, and presenting digital evidence in a legally acceptable manner. The document outlines the goals, history, and processes involved in digital and computer forensics, including identification, preservation, collection, examination, analysis and presentation of evidence. It also discusses cyber crimes, evidence handling procedures, data collection locations, and required skills for computer forensics professionals.
The document discusses computer forensics, including defining it as the process of identifying, preserving, analyzing and presenting digital evidence. It outlines the characteristics, history, goals and methodology of computer forensics, how it is used to investigate cyber crimes and find digital evidence. Computer forensics experts work in law enforcement, private companies, and for individuals and require skills in programming, operating systems, analytics, and rules of evidence.
Computer forensics plays a vital role in investigating modern crimes that involve technology. A computer forensics investigator is responsible for preserving, extracting, and documenting digital evidence from computers or other electronic devices so that it can be used in a court of law. It is crucial that an investigator follows proper procedures such as making copies of evidence rather than working with originals, and maintaining a clear chain of custody throughout the entire investigation process. Computer forensics can be used to solve cases involving intellectual property theft, financial fraud, hacking, cybercrimes, and more.
Computer forensics investigation and digital forensics servicesICFECI
An accused is entitled to adequate representation by investigative services and by counsel under the Criminal Justice Act (CJA). ICFECI is at the forefront in providing expert investigative services indispensable for adequate representation of defendants under Title 18, United States Code, Section 3006A, and Adequate Representation of Defendants.
Computer forensics involves identifying, preserving, analyzing, and presenting digital evidence from computers or other electronic devices in a way that is legally acceptable. The main goal is not only to find criminals, but also to find evidence and present it in a way that leads to legal action. Cyber crimes occur when technology is used to commit or conceal offenses, and digital evidence can include data stored on computers in persistent or volatile forms. Computer forensics experts follow a methodology that involves documenting hardware, making backups, searching for keywords, and documenting findings to help with criminal prosecution, civil litigation, and other applications.
This document provides information on digital forensics, including definitions, tools, and roles. It defines digital forensics as the scientific analysis of computer systems and digital evidence to help solve crimes. Several digital forensics tools are described that can analyze disks, files, registries, networks, and more. The roles of a digital forensics expert in investigations and the judicial system are also outlined, such as qualifying as an expert witness and effectively communicating technical information.
Digital forensics is the practice of determining past actions on a computer system using forensic techniques to understand artifacts. It began in 1984 with 3 cases handled by the FBI's Media Magnet Program and has expanded to include 16 regional computer forensics laboratories. Digital forensics can recover deleted files, determine programs run, and discover web and document histories. Tools used include forensic workstations, write blockers, anti-static bags, and software like EnCase and FTK. Becoming an examiner requires formal training, certifications, experience, and skills in forensic tools, practices, and methodologies along with an analytical and detail-oriented personality.
For better or worse, electronic data is at the heart of many legal investigations. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important for lawyers to have a basic understanding of computer forensics including:
- what computer forensics is and what types of things can a computer forensic expert do;
- types of mistakes lawyers or IT professionals make that can corrupt, alter, or destroy evidence that is key to investigations;
what types of electronic evidence exists;
- ways to work efficiently and effectively with a computer forensic expert; and
- when to consider hiring and how to choose a computer forensic expert as part of an investigation
Learn more from Winston & Strawn and listen to the presentation here: https://www.winston.com/en/thought-leadership/computer-forensics-what-every-lawyer-needs-to-know.html.
Computer forensics is a scientific method of gathering digital evidence from devices and networks for legal proceedings. It involves a structured investigation to determine what happened on a computer through documented collection and analysis of data. Forensics helps solve cyber incidents by finding the issue and how it occurred through legally permissible capture, collection, and examination of digital information. It can be applied in civil lawsuits, criminal cases, and workplace investigations.
This document discusses computer forensics and portable computer forensics. It defines computer forensics as the preservation, identification, extraction, documentation, and interpretation of computer media for evidentiary purposes. It outlines the steps of computer forensics including acquisition, identification, evaluation and presentation. It also discusses who uses computer forensics such as law enforcement, prosecutors, and private companies. The document introduces portable computer forensics and provides contact information for the Technology Open Source Laboratory.
This document summarizes a study on digital forensics. It discusses the tools used in digital forensics including DriveSpy and Forensic Tool Kit (FTK). It outlines the digital evidence collection process as: 1) Identify systems involved and likely relevant evidence, 2) Collect, observe and preserve evidence following order of volatility, 3) Analyze, identify and rebuild evidence while verifying results. Common reasons for needing digital forensics are discussed like unauthorized access, denial of service attacks, and virus/worm/Trojan attacks. Strategies for computer forensics include preserving evidence without altering it, authenticating recovered evidence, and analyzing without modification. Tools like EnCase are also summarized that perform functions like data acquisition
This slide will cover details of evidence collection in cyber forensic which will be more useful for CSE & IT department students studying in engineering colleges.
Business Intelligence (BI) Tools For Computer ForensicDhiren Gala
The presentation contains: Concept of Forensic, Need & Purpose of Forensic
Computer Forensic, Role of IT for Forensic, Data Collection / Mining Tools, Data Analysis & Reporting, Fraud Detection & Auditing
Digital forensics involves analyzing digital artifacts like computers, storage devices, and network traffic as potential legal evidence. The process includes preparing investigators, carefully collecting and preserving evidence while maintaining a clear chain of custody, examining and analyzing the data found, and reporting the results. Key steps are imaging systems to obtain an exact duplicate without altering the original, recovering both data at rest and volatile memory, and using specialized tools to find relevant information for investigations. Examples of cases that relied on digital evidence include those of Chandra Levy and the BTK killer.
The document discusses various topics related to digital forensics and cybersecurity including electronic evidence, digital investigation techniques, managing digital evidence, cyber weapons, and software used for computer forensics examinations and investigations. It also provides details on training programs, guidelines, and global initiatives for combating high-tech crimes and cyber threats.
This document provides an overview of computer forensics. It defines computer forensics as identifying, preserving, analyzing and presenting digital evidence in a legally acceptable manner. The objective is to find evidence related to cyber crimes. Computer forensics has a history in investigating financial fraud, such as the Enron case. It describes the types of digital evidence, tools used, and steps involved in computer forensic investigations. Key points are avoiding altering metadata and overwriting unallocated space when collecting evidence.
1. 4/26/2010
What is Computer Forensics?
• Scientific process of preserving, identifying,
extracting, documenting, and interpreting
t ti d ti di t ti
Computer Forensics data on computer
COMP620 • Used to obtain potential legal evidence
Sara Jones
Background
“The FBI is committed to working with our law
• The Dean of Students at Purdue University
enforcement partners and the U.S. Attorney’s
estimates that 25% of all disciplinary cases
Office to investigate and prosecute those
involve some sort of computer evidence
i l f id
individuals who choose to use computer
• The Director of the FBI now expects 50% of technology in furtherance of their fraudulent
all cases handled by the FBI to involve at schemes.”
least one computer forensic examination
Nathan Gray
• Local law enforcement agencies and
Local law enforcement agencies and Special Agent in Charge of the FBI‐Phoenix Division
prosecutors expect 20‐40% of all cases will Thursday, April 8, 2010
require information forensics
Scott L. Ksander www.cybercrime.gov
1
2. 4/26/2010
Computers in Crime Computers Role in Crime
• Computer as Target of the incident
• A computer can hold data of a crime – Get to instructor’s test preparation
– Access someone else’s homework
– child pornography
child pornography – Access/Change a grade
• The computer could be stolen property – Access financial information
– “Denial of Service”
• The computer could hold evidence of a crime • Computer as Tool of the incident
– spreadsheet of drug transactions – Word processing used to create plagiarized work
– E‐mail sent as threat or harassment
• A computer can be the instrument of a crime
A computer can be the instrument of a crime – Printing used to create counterfeit material
Printing used to create counterfeit material
– hacking • Computer as Incidental to the incident
– E‐mail/file access used to establish date/timelines
– distribute copyrighted videos – Stored names and addresses of contacts or others
potentially involved in the incident
www.cybercrime.gov Scott L. Ksander
Forensic Use Law Enforcement
Computer forensics is used for • Computer forensics is often used to gather
• L
Law enforcement
f evidence to prosecute a crime
id t t i
• Enforce employee policies • Computer forensics professionals must be
• To gather evidence against an employee that careful to follow the legal requirements for
an organization wishes to terminate handling evidence
• R
Recover data in the event of a hardware or
d t i th t f h d • The evidence can be dismissed if it cannot be
The evidence can be dismissed if it cannot be
software failure shown that it was not tampered, either
accidently or intentionally
• Understand how a system works
Wikipedia
2
3. 4/26/2010
Preparing an Investigation Preparing an Investigation (continued)
• Role of computer forensics professional: • Follow an accepted procedure to prepare a case
gather evidence to prove a suspect committed
th id t t itt d • The U S Department of Justice has a document
The U.S. Department of Justice has a document
a crime or violated a company policy you can download that reviews proper
• Collect evidence that can be offered in court acquisition of electronic evidence
or at a corporate inquiry http://www.cybercrime.gov/ssmanual/index.html
– Investigate the suspect’s computer
Investigate the suspect s computer • Chain of custody
Chain of custody
– Preserve the evidence on a different computer – Route the evidence takes from the time you find it
until the case is closed or goes to court
Guide to Computer Forensics and Investigations, 2e Guide to Computer Forensics and Investigations, 2e
Chain of Custody The Process
• Protects integrity of the evidence • The primary activities of a computer forensics
• Effective process of documenting the specialist are investigative in nature.
complete journey of the evidence during the • Th i
The investigative process encompasses
ti ti
life of the case – Identification
• Allows you to answer the following questions: – Preservation
– Who collected it? – Collection
– Examination
– How & where?
How & where?
– Analysis
– Who took possession of it? – Presentation
– How was it stored & protected in storage? – Decision
– Who took it out of storage & why?
Scott L. Ksander Scott L. Ksander
3
4. 4/26/2010
Computer Forensic Activities The 3 As
Activities commonly include:
The basic methodology consists of the 3 As:
• the secure collection of computer data
p
• the identification of suspect data
• the examination of suspect data to determine • Acquire the evidence without altering or
details such as origin and content damaging the original
• the presentation of computer‐based • Authenticate the image
information
information • Analyze the data without modifying it
• the application of a country's laws to
computer practice
Scott L. Ksander Scott L. Ksander
General Types of Digital Forensics 5 Rules of Evidence
• Network Analysis
• Admissible
– Communication analysis
– Log analysis – Must be able to be used in court or elsewhere
– Path tracing • Authentic
• Media Analysis
– Disk imaging
– Evidence relates to incident in relevant way
– Content analysis • Complete (no tunnel vision)
– Slack space analysis – Exculpatory evidence for alternative suspects
– Steganography
• Code Analysis
Code Analysis • Reliable
– Reverse engineering – No question about authenticity & veracity
– Malicious code review • Believable
– Exploit Review
– Clear, easy to understand, and believable by a jury
Scott L. Ksander Scott L. Ksander
4
5. 4/26/2010
General Evidence Dos & Don’ts Creating Disk Images
1. Minimize Handling/Corruption of Original Data • Care must be taken not to change the evidence.
2. Account for Any Changes and Keep Detailed Logs of Your Actions • Most media are “magnetic based” and the data is volatile:
3. Comply with the Five Rules of Evidence – Registers & Cache
4. Do Not Exceed Your Knowledge – Process tables, ARP Cache, Kernel stats
5. Follow Your Local Security Policy and Obtain Written Permission – Contents of system memory
6. Capture as Accurate an Image of the System as Possible – Temporary File systems
7. Be Prepared to Testify – Data on the disk
8. Ensure Your Actions are Repeatable • Examining a live file system changes the state of the evidence
9. Work Fast • The computer/media is the “crime scene”
10. Proceed From Volatile to Persistent Evidence • Protecting the crime scene is paramount as once evidence is
11. Don't Run Any Programs on the Affected System contaminated it cannot be decontaminated.
12. Document Document Document!!!! • Really only one chance to do it right!
Scott L. Ksander Source: AusCERT 2003 (www.auscert.org) Scott L. Ksander
Why Create a Duplicate Image? Bitstream vs. Backups
• A file copy does not recover all data areas of • Forensic Copies (Bitstream) are bit for bit
the device for examination copies capturing all the data on the copied
media including hidden and residual data (e.g.,
media including hidden and residual data (e g
• Working from a duplicate image free space, swap, residue, deleted files etc.)
– Preserves the original evidence
• Often the “smoking gun” is found in the
– Prevents inadvertent alteration of original residual data.
evidence during examination
• Logical vs. physical image
– Allows recreation of the duplicate image if
Allows recreation of the duplicate image if
necessary
Scott L. Ksander Scott L. Ksander
5
6. 4/26/2010
Make Two Copies Computer Forensics Certification
• Make 2 copies of the original media
– 1 copy becomes the working copy
– 1 copy is a library/control copy
py y py
There are several professional groups and
– Verify the integrity of the copies to the original companies that offer forensic certification
i th t ff f i tifi ti
• The working copy is used for the analysis • International Association of Computer
• The library copy is stored for disclosure purposes or in Investigative Specialist (IACIS) offers the
the event that the working copy becomes corrupted
• If performing a drive to drive imaging (not an image
Certified Electronic Evidence Collection
file) use clean media to copy to
file) use clean media to copy to p ( )
Specialist Certification (CEECS) and Certified
– Shrink wrapped new drives Forensic Computer examiner (CFCE)
– Next best, zero another drive • Global Information Assurance Certification
Certified Forensic Analyst
Scott L. Ksander
References
• Scott L. Ksander, “Computer Forensics in the Campus
Environment ,
Environment”,
www.purdue.edu/securepurdue/docs/ComputerForensics.ppt
• Thomas Course Technology, “Guide to Computer Forensics
and Investigations, 2e”,
euclid.barry.edu/~zuniga/courses/cs300/ch02.ppt
• Sara Jones, “Computer Forensics”,
www.middlesexcc.edu/faculty/Steven.../Computer_%20Forensics.ppt
• www.cybercrime.gov
6