unit 1
Introduction
Hardware and Software
Software
Computers Characteristics
Generations of Computers
Categories of Computers
Applications of Computers
Input → Process → Output (IPO)
Computer ports and cables
Computer Introduction-Lecture02 for applied scince college students, Seiyun University , yemen 2023-2024 Academic year. لطلاب كلية العلوم التطبيقية بجامعة سيئون
مقدمة في علوم الحاسوب المحاضرة الثانية
hi there,,,,,,!!!
I am ajit yadav please see my ms powerpoint presentation 2007 & comment my ppt 'Microsoft Office 2007 (codenamed Office 12)[4] is a version of Microsoft Office, a family of office suites and productivity software for Windows, developed and published by Microsoft. It was released to volume license customers on November 30, 2006[5] and to retail customers on January 30, 2007, the same respective release dates of Windows Vista. It was preceded by Office 2003 and succeeded by Office 2010.
Office 2007 introduced a new graphical user interface called the Fluent User Interface, which uses ribbons and an office start menu instead of menu bars and toolbars.[6] Office 2007 requires at Windows XP with Service Pack 2, Windows Server 2003 with Service Pack 1, or a later OS.[2] Office 2007 is the last version of Microsoft Office to support Windows XP Professional x64 Edition.
Office 2007 includes new applications and server-side tools, including Microsoft Groove, a collaboration and communication suite for smaller businesses, which was originally developed by Groove Networks before being acquired by Microsoft in 2005. Also included is Office SharePoint Server 2007, a major revision to the server platform for Office applications, which supports Excel Services, a client-server architecture for supporting Excel workbooks that are shared in real time between multiple machines, and are also viewable and editable through a web page.
With Microsoft FrontPage discontinued, Microsoft SharePoint Designer, which is aimed towards development of SharePoint portals, becomes part of the Office 2007 family. Its designer-oriented counterpart, Microsoft Expression Web, is targeted for general web development. However, neither application has been included in Office 2007 software suites.123
1.1Explain types of Input Devices (Keyboard, Mouse, Pen, and Touch Screen Scanners, Output Devices (Monitor, printer, Speakers, Projectors) and of Storage Devices (Hard Disks, CD-ROMS, DVD-ROMS, USB Storage)[D] Operate computer and its peripherals
1.2 Booting the computer. Common start-up errors and their remedies.
Connecting peripherals – keyboard, mouse, monitor, power cables,
UPS to the computer and checking all connections. Demonstrate procedure for the installation of setting up a new computer along with other peripherals (keyboard, scanner, printer)[M]
1.3Demonstrate Keyboard layout and functions of different keys.[M]
1.4Demonstrate Proper shut down of PC, and explain precautions to avoid an improper shut down.[M]
1.5Identifying the different hardware parts in the PC.[M]
1.6Determining the configuration of the PC.[M]
1.7 Explain types of Central Processing Unit (Processors, RAM, ROM)[M]
1.8 Demonstrate procedure for installation /
replacement / maintenance procedures for hard disk and other peripherals.[D]
Computer Introduction-Lecture02 for applied scince college students, Seiyun University , yemen 2023-2024 Academic year. لطلاب كلية العلوم التطبيقية بجامعة سيئون
مقدمة في علوم الحاسوب المحاضرة الثانية
hi there,,,,,,!!!
I am ajit yadav please see my ms powerpoint presentation 2007 & comment my ppt 'Microsoft Office 2007 (codenamed Office 12)[4] is a version of Microsoft Office, a family of office suites and productivity software for Windows, developed and published by Microsoft. It was released to volume license customers on November 30, 2006[5] and to retail customers on January 30, 2007, the same respective release dates of Windows Vista. It was preceded by Office 2003 and succeeded by Office 2010.
Office 2007 introduced a new graphical user interface called the Fluent User Interface, which uses ribbons and an office start menu instead of menu bars and toolbars.[6] Office 2007 requires at Windows XP with Service Pack 2, Windows Server 2003 with Service Pack 1, or a later OS.[2] Office 2007 is the last version of Microsoft Office to support Windows XP Professional x64 Edition.
Office 2007 includes new applications and server-side tools, including Microsoft Groove, a collaboration and communication suite for smaller businesses, which was originally developed by Groove Networks before being acquired by Microsoft in 2005. Also included is Office SharePoint Server 2007, a major revision to the server platform for Office applications, which supports Excel Services, a client-server architecture for supporting Excel workbooks that are shared in real time between multiple machines, and are also viewable and editable through a web page.
With Microsoft FrontPage discontinued, Microsoft SharePoint Designer, which is aimed towards development of SharePoint portals, becomes part of the Office 2007 family. Its designer-oriented counterpart, Microsoft Expression Web, is targeted for general web development. However, neither application has been included in Office 2007 software suites.123
1.1Explain types of Input Devices (Keyboard, Mouse, Pen, and Touch Screen Scanners, Output Devices (Monitor, printer, Speakers, Projectors) and of Storage Devices (Hard Disks, CD-ROMS, DVD-ROMS, USB Storage)[D] Operate computer and its peripherals
1.2 Booting the computer. Common start-up errors and their remedies.
Connecting peripherals – keyboard, mouse, monitor, power cables,
UPS to the computer and checking all connections. Demonstrate procedure for the installation of setting up a new computer along with other peripherals (keyboard, scanner, printer)[M]
1.3Demonstrate Keyboard layout and functions of different keys.[M]
1.4Demonstrate Proper shut down of PC, and explain precautions to avoid an improper shut down.[M]
1.5Identifying the different hardware parts in the PC.[M]
1.6Determining the configuration of the PC.[M]
1.7 Explain types of Central Processing Unit (Processors, RAM, ROM)[M]
1.8 Demonstrate procedure for installation /
replacement / maintenance procedures for hard disk and other peripherals.[D]
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
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Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
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LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
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PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
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- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
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Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
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Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
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https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
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Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
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This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
2. CONTENT
ASIYAKHAN 2
• Introduction
• Hardware and Software
• Software
• Computers Characteristics
• Generations of Computers
• Categories of Computers
• Applications of Computers
• Input → Process → Output (IPO)
• Computer ports and cables
3. INTRODUCTION
• A computer is a machine that accepts data as input, processes that datausing
programs and outputs the processed data as information.
• Initially, computers were developed to perform mathematical operations, but
later on, they were used to store the result of those operations, which with the
time leads to the storage of other data or information.
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4. INTRODUCTION (CONTD..)
• Data is a collection of unprocessed facts, figures, and symbols.
e.g. Ram, age, 32, years, old
• Information is a processed form of data. It is organized, meaningful, and
useful.
e.g. Ram is 32 years old. Or Ram’s age is 32 years.
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5. INTRODUCTION (CONTD..)
• A computer can be defined as an advanced electronic device that takesraw
data as input from the user. It uses a set of instructions (called program) to
process the data and give the result (output). The result can be used
immediately or saved for future use.
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6. HARDWAREAND SOFTWARE
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• In the process of converting data to information, a computer uses hardware and software. At
the simplest level, all computers consist of these two basic components; the hardware and the
software.
• Hardware is any part of the computer that has a physical structure that can be seen and
touched, though some may be so tiny that they are invisible to the naked eye.
• Software is the instruction set that tells the computer how to perform tasks. Software is
intangible i.e., that cannot be seen and touched, but its effect is clearly defined.
9. HARDWAREANDSOFTWARE(CONTD..)
INPUT DEVICES
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• Input devices are the devices that allow a user to enter data
and instructions into a computer such as keyboard, mouse,
microphone, scanner, trackball, joystick, graphics tablet and
digital camera.
Or
• An input device is a piece of hardware used to provide data
to a computer used for interaction and control. It allows
input of raw data to the computer for processing.
10. HARDWAREANDSOFTWARE(CONTD..)
INPUT DEVICES
The various functions of input devices are:
• They accept data and instructions from the user.
• They convert these instructions and data from human readable form to
machine readable form.
• They supply the converted instructions and data to the CPU for further
processing.
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11. HARDWAREANDSOFTWARE(CONTD..)
OUTPUTDEVICES
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• Output devices are used to display the result or
information to the user through monitor or VDUs,
LCDs, printers, plotters and speakers.
Or
• An output device is a piece of computer hardware
that receives data from a computer and then
translates that data into another form. That form
may be audio, visual, textual, or hard copy such as a
printed document.
12. HARDWAREANDSOFTWARE(CONTD..)
OUTPUTDEVICES
The various functions of output devices are:
• It accepts the results produced by the computer which is in the
coded form or machine readable form.
• It converts these coded results into human readable form.
• It supplies the converted results to the user.
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13. HARDWAREANDSOFTWARE(CONTD..)
The key distinction between an input device and an output device is
that an input device sends data to the computer, whereas an output
device receives data from the computer.
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14. HARDWAREANDSOFTWARE(CONTD..)
STORAGEDEVICES
Storage devices are the devices which are used to retrieved from and
saved to the data and information such as hard drives, memory sticks
(pen drives), compact discs, DVDs and tape drives.
Or
A storage device is a piece of computer hardware used for saving,
carrying and pulling out data. It can keep and retain information short-
term or long-term.
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15. HARDWAREANDSOFTWARE(CONTD..)
STORAGEDEVICES
1. Floppy disks were developed in late 1960s. A floppy disk is
made up of a circular thin plastic jacket coated with magnetic
material. Its outer cover which is a hard plastic protects this plastic
disk. It can hold 1.44 MB data. Nowadays, these disks are outdated.
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16. HARDWAREANDSOFTWARE(CONTD..)
STORAGEDEVICES
2. Hard Disk is made up of a metal disk and coated with a metal oxide used to store
bulk of data. These disks can store more information than floppy disks, up to tens or
hundreds of gigabytes.
• An internal hard drive is the main storage device in a computer.
• An external hard drive is also known as removable hard drive. It is used to store
portable data and backups.
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18. HARDWAREANDSOFTWARE(CONTD..)
STORAGEDEVICES
3. Compact Disk – Read Only Memory or CD-ROM is a read only or read-write disk. It can store
large amount of data which can be distributed to large number of users. It is inexpensive and fast,
but its access time is longer than that of magnetic disk.
• There are two types of CDs:
• CD-R and CD-RW.
CD-R stands for Compact Disk – Recordable which can store 700 MB of data, but only once.
CD-RW stands for Compact Disk – ReWriteable which can read, write and erase data asmany
times.
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20. HARDWAREANDSOFTWARE(CONTD..)
STORAGEDEVICES
5. Blue-Ray Disks are used to store more than 25 GB of data with a
very high speed in less amount of time. A single layer of BD canstore
13 hours of video where as double layer BD can store more than 20
hours of video.
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21. HARDWAREANDSOFTWARE(CONTD..)
STORAGEDEVICES
6. USB stands for Universal Serial Bus. It is a portable memory device which
is used to store data that needs to be transferred to the other device using USB
port of the system.
• Also known as a thumb drive, pen drive, flash-drive, memory stick, jump
drive, and USB stick.
• Flash memory is generally more efficient and reliable than optical media,
being smaller, faster, and possessing much greater storage capacity, as well
as being more durable due to a lack of moving parts.
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22. HARDWAREANDSOFTWARE(CONTD..)
STORAGEDEVICES
7. Memory Card or flash memory card is a memory device. It is used as
an easy, fast and reliable medium to store and transfer data from one
device to the other. It is used in digital cameras, game consoles, mobile
phones etc.
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23. HARDWAREANDSOFTWARE(CONTD..)
CPU (CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT)
• Thesystem unitisthe box that protects the internal electronic
componentsfrom damage. It containsthe central processing unit (CPU)
and memory.TheCPU interprets and carries out the basic instructions
that operate the computer.Memory iswhere data and instructionsare
held.
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24. HARDWAREANDSOFTWARE(CONTD..)
CPU (CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT)
• Theheart of the computersystemisthe processor unit. It
consistsof the Arithmeticand Logic Unit(ALU)which
executesmostcomputeroperations (arithmetic and
logical) and the Control Unitwhichactsasthe nerve
centre that sendscontrol signal to all other units.
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25. HARDWAREANDSOFTWARE(CONTD..)
CPU (CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT)
• The control unit and ALU are usually many times faster thanother
devices connected to a computer system. This enables a single
processor to control a number of external devices such as video
terminals, magnetic tapes, disk memories, sensors, displays and
mechanical controllers, since they are much slower than the
processor.
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27. HARDWAREANDSOFTWARE(CONTD..)
MEMORY
Primary Memory is very fast as data and programs must be in the
primary memory for execution. Random Access Memory (RAM)and
Read Only Memory (ROM) are both primary memory.
Pen drive
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28. HARDWAREANDSOFTWARE(CONTD..)
MEMORY
• Random Access Memory refers to memory that can be selected and
used randomly. The information stored here disappears the very moment
the machine is turned off. It is also referred to as volatile memory.
• Read Only Memory is permanently built into the computer at the time
of production. The information from this memory can only be read and it
is not possible to write fresh information into it. It permanently stores a
set of instructions which instructs the computer how to work. After we
switch on the computer, it uses instructions stored here to carry out a
series of tasks automatically, before we can actually use the computer.
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29. HARDWAREANDSOFTWARE(CONTD..)
MEMORY
• Secondary Memory or Auxiliary Memory: The content on the
RAM is erased when electric power is switched off. So, it becomes
necessary to store this data for future use, somewhere else. Since,
primary storage is expensive too; we need a relatively cheaper form
of backup storage which can store vast quantities of information.
Thus, Secondary Memory devices become an important part of the
computer.
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30. HARDWAREANDSOFTWARE(CONTD..)
UNITSOFMEMORY
• Memory,storage, files and folder sizesare all measured in bytes.
Computerswork in the base 2 system,also called binary number
system,usingonly the digits 0 and1.
• A single numericvalue usingeither 0 or 1 iscalled abit.
• Asequenceof ‘bits’ makea byte.
• Usually eight bits makea byte (sometimesit could be sixteen, thirty
two or evensixty four). Bitsare grouped into bytes to increase the
efficiency of the computer.
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32. COMPUTER AND IT’SCOMPONENTS
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1. Which part of the computer shows you information from the
computer?
2. Which part of the computer is the brain of the computer?
3. Which computer part can you point and click with?
4. How big is megabyte?
5. Memory that loses its contents when power is lost?
6. What are the two kinds of main memory?
33. COMPUTER AND IT’SCOMPONENTS
33
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7. Which one is the secondary memory device?
a. CPU
b. ALU
c. Floppy disk
d. Mouse
8. What are the two basic types of memory that your computeruses?
a. RAM/ROM
b. RW/RAM
c. ROM
d. ERAM
9. Asecondary storage device is?Another name for secondary storage device is?
10. The primary storage device for computer is the ?