The article investigates computer based training during the COVID 19 pandemic in South Africa's Institutions of Higher Learning, as well as assess the feasibility of Computer Based Learning in the post COVID era. The data was gathered through the use of desk top research by looking at how various South African university institutions have made CBT an important learning and teaching tool when it comes to copying with the politics that came about with lockdowns such as the closure of schools as a way to manage the spread of the pandemic. The study reveals that, the emergent appearance of the COVID 19 pandemic in South Africa, saw an increased usage of computers and mobile phones as an alternative learning tool which could eventually replace face to face learning. It is however revealed that, the success of computer based training and learning heavily relies on efficiency and reliability of computer infrastructure, reliable internet connectivity as well as knowledge of computer technology by instructors and learners. The research is however, limited to the confines and experiences of South African educators and learners and concludes by giving recommendations on how these challenges can be solved. Nana Owusu Atta Yeboah | Sun Yuan | Liu Xuan "Computer-Based Training and Leaning under the Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case of South African Institutions of Higher Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47689.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/home-science/education/47689/computerbased-training-and-leaning-under-the-influence-of-the-covid19-pandemic-a-case-of-south-african-institutions-of-higher-learning/nana-owusu-atta-yeboah
Improving the Effectiveness of Education and the Implementing Innovative Educ...ijtsrd
In this article, the application of interactive learning technologies in the educational process can improve the quality of education, increase its effectiveness, determine the interaction between teacher, student, student group, as well as the community, achieve ideological and spiritual unity, striving for a common goal. It was noted that it has the necessary conditions and a great opportunity to create the environment for its realization as a person. Chimpulatova Sevara Alisherovna | Tuyboeva Gulnoza Kuvondik Kizi "Improving the Effectiveness of Education and the Implementing Innovative Educational Technologies in the Educational Process" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47737.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/47737/improving-the-effectiveness-of-education-and-the-implementing-innovative-educational-technologies-in-the-educational-process/chimpulatova-sevara-alisherovna
Theoretical Basis of the Use of Innovative Technologies to Increase the Effic...ijtsrd
The current stage of human development is characterized by the rapid development of globalization processes. From an economic point of view, globalization means the formation and development of a system of economic relations that covers the entire space of the world economy. Therefore, in the context of globalization, the problem of forming an active person who can make independent decisions, set and implement goals, and consciously evaluate their own activities is becoming urgent. Ensuring that the educational process is organized on the basis of developmental technologies is one of the urgent tasks today. Now the teacher must not only teach knowledge and develop practical skills, but also teach students to learn, research and make decisions independently. Rakhimova Charoskhon Odiljonovna "Theoretical Basis of the Use of Innovative Technologies to Increase the Efficiency of the Educational Process" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46304.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/46304/theoretical-basis-of-the-use-of-innovative-technologies-to-increase-the-efficiency-of-the-educational-process/rakhimova-charoskhon-odiljonovna
COVID-19 and university learning spaces. González-Zamar, Emilio Abad-Segura y...eraser Juan José Calderón
COVID-19 and university learning spaces. MarianaDaniela González-Zamar, Emilio Abad-Segura y César Bernal-Bravo
La COVID-19 ha irrumpido en la vida de los seres humanos causando efectos devastadores en la salud y en la vida de gran parte de la población mundial, afectando a las esferas sociales, económicas y educativas del planeta. La comunidad científica se encuentra ante uno de sus mayores retos para resolver un problema sanitariode alcance global como es la pandemia del COVID-19. Esta situación ha generado un volumen de publicaciones sin precedentes. El impacto del COVID-19 en la enseñanzaha supuesto que los momentos de contacto social hayan desaparecido a cambio de reuniones, clases, exámenes o encuentros virtuales. En este escenario, las aulas universitarias al volver a abrirse no serán las mismas, tampoco sus campus ni espacios del ámbito educativo, deberán aportan creatividad en el a la hora de organizarse y usarse. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar las publicaciones científicas relacionadas con los efectos del COVID-19 en las aulas universitarias durante el período 2019 hasta la actualidad. Para esto, se realizó un análisis bibliométrico de la literatura científica. Se identificaron 676documentos sobre esta temática. Los resultados del análisis revelaron que la productividad científica se ha incrementado desde enero de 2020 con más de 650 artículos sobre la enfermedad, verificando el profundo interés por el COVID-19 en todas las disciplinas. Las principales tendencias de investigación incluyen el impacto de la vuelta a las aulas con los efectos en los procesos cognitivos, motivaciones y del rendimiento académico de los estudiantes.
International Conference on Teacher Education in the 21st Century: Vision and Action, organized by Regional Institute of Education, National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), Bhopal, MP, India on March 8 -10, 2021
Improving the Effectiveness of Education and the Implementing Innovative Educ...ijtsrd
In this article, the application of interactive learning technologies in the educational process can improve the quality of education, increase its effectiveness, determine the interaction between teacher, student, student group, as well as the community, achieve ideological and spiritual unity, striving for a common goal. It was noted that it has the necessary conditions and a great opportunity to create the environment for its realization as a person. Chimpulatova Sevara Alisherovna | Tuyboeva Gulnoza Kuvondik Kizi "Improving the Effectiveness of Education and the Implementing Innovative Educational Technologies in the Educational Process" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47737.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/47737/improving-the-effectiveness-of-education-and-the-implementing-innovative-educational-technologies-in-the-educational-process/chimpulatova-sevara-alisherovna
Theoretical Basis of the Use of Innovative Technologies to Increase the Effic...ijtsrd
The current stage of human development is characterized by the rapid development of globalization processes. From an economic point of view, globalization means the formation and development of a system of economic relations that covers the entire space of the world economy. Therefore, in the context of globalization, the problem of forming an active person who can make independent decisions, set and implement goals, and consciously evaluate their own activities is becoming urgent. Ensuring that the educational process is organized on the basis of developmental technologies is one of the urgent tasks today. Now the teacher must not only teach knowledge and develop practical skills, but also teach students to learn, research and make decisions independently. Rakhimova Charoskhon Odiljonovna "Theoretical Basis of the Use of Innovative Technologies to Increase the Efficiency of the Educational Process" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46304.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/46304/theoretical-basis-of-the-use-of-innovative-technologies-to-increase-the-efficiency-of-the-educational-process/rakhimova-charoskhon-odiljonovna
COVID-19 and university learning spaces. González-Zamar, Emilio Abad-Segura y...eraser Juan José Calderón
COVID-19 and university learning spaces. MarianaDaniela González-Zamar, Emilio Abad-Segura y César Bernal-Bravo
La COVID-19 ha irrumpido en la vida de los seres humanos causando efectos devastadores en la salud y en la vida de gran parte de la población mundial, afectando a las esferas sociales, económicas y educativas del planeta. La comunidad científica se encuentra ante uno de sus mayores retos para resolver un problema sanitariode alcance global como es la pandemia del COVID-19. Esta situación ha generado un volumen de publicaciones sin precedentes. El impacto del COVID-19 en la enseñanzaha supuesto que los momentos de contacto social hayan desaparecido a cambio de reuniones, clases, exámenes o encuentros virtuales. En este escenario, las aulas universitarias al volver a abrirse no serán las mismas, tampoco sus campus ni espacios del ámbito educativo, deberán aportan creatividad en el a la hora de organizarse y usarse. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar las publicaciones científicas relacionadas con los efectos del COVID-19 en las aulas universitarias durante el período 2019 hasta la actualidad. Para esto, se realizó un análisis bibliométrico de la literatura científica. Se identificaron 676documentos sobre esta temática. Los resultados del análisis revelaron que la productividad científica se ha incrementado desde enero de 2020 con más de 650 artículos sobre la enfermedad, verificando el profundo interés por el COVID-19 en todas las disciplinas. Las principales tendencias de investigación incluyen el impacto de la vuelta a las aulas con los efectos en los procesos cognitivos, motivaciones y del rendimiento académico de los estudiantes.
International Conference on Teacher Education in the 21st Century: Vision and Action, organized by Regional Institute of Education, National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), Bhopal, MP, India on March 8 -10, 2021
National Education Policy (NEP) has been approved by the Cabinet has been presented by Union Ministers "Prakash Javadekar" and "Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank" in the cabinet briefing.A (5+3+3+4) curricular and pedagogical structure had been proposed based on the cognitive-developmental stages of the children rather than their age. This further divides the K12 years into Foundational Stage (age 3-8 yrs): 3 years of pre-primary plus Grades 1-2, Preparatory Stage (8-11 years): Grades 3-5, Middle Stage (11-14 years): Grades 6-8 and Secondary Stage (14-18 years): Grades 9-12. The NEP also aims to create a new highest regulating body, the Rashtriya Shiksha Aayog or National Education Commission, that would be headed by the Prime Minister of India.
INTERNATIONAL HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS AND EDUCATORS PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPERIENC...ijejournal
The Coronavirus pandemic 2019 (COVID-19) is hastily spreading, bringing pressure and challenges to international students and educators in a higher education institution who were locked down on campus during the COVID-19 outbreak. We sought to explore psychological experiences of international higher education students and educators during the COVID-19 pandemic in Eswatini. A qualitative phenomenological design was adopted. Participants were 20 conveniently selected international higher education students and educators who were locked down on campus from March 20 to September 25, 2020. The interviews were conducted face to face. Data were thematically analysed. The study was informed by the ecological systems theory. The psychological experiences of international higher education students and educators during COVID-19 pandemic were categorized in to four themes. First negative emotions present in early stages involving discomfort, anxiety and helplessness caused by isolation, fear and concern for safety. Second self-coping strategies included psychological and life adjustments, social distancing, acceptance of wearing of masks, hand sanitizing and online/blended learning. Third we reported growth under the crisis which included affection for family members, peers and self-reflection. Finally, we reported that positive emotions occurred concurrently with negative emotions. During the COVID-19 crisis positive and negative emotions of international higher education students and educators intertwined and co-occurred. Self-coping strategies and psychological growth played a crucial role in maintaining mental health of the students and educators. The international students and educators in a higher education institution appeared to be thriving in coping with the COVID19 crisis and lockdown situation which enhanced their participation in online/blended learning.
Today, the libraries need to change its services, by using the ICT technologies. The Libraries need to Provide its ICT Services By using DRONE and Mobile Library lending SERICES AT USERS` HOME. THESE SERVICES ARE AVAILABLE IN SOME FOREIGN COUNTRIES..Dr.M.Anjaiah
Education & technology in an age of covid 19 2BilalArshed1
Many educational reformers have long held out hope that computers and other information and computer technologies (ICTs) can play crucial and integral roles in bringing about long-needed changes to education systems. Indeed, many see the introduction of ICTs in schools as a sort of Trojan horse,
Call for proposals. Digital Pedagogies for Building Peaceful and Sustainable...eraser Juan José Calderón
Call for Proposals | Submission Guide . Digital Pedagogies for Building Peaceful and Sustainable Societies.
December 16 – 18, 2017
Novotel Varun Beach
Visakhapatnam, India
The data revolution
in education. Information Paper N. 39
March 2017 . UNESCO Institute for Statistics .
The Agenda for Sustainable Development and Education 2030 present an ambitious new policy vision
for the international education community. This vision places new demands on countries, especially
producers and users of education data. For Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4, “inclusive and
equitable quality education and lifelong learning opportunities for all,” the main challenge for
countries is to measure and monitor targets that are characterised by their broad scope, the thematic
focus on quality and equity, and the need to enhance national institutional and technical capacities.
The production and dissemination of high quality education statistics is essential for effective
planning, as well as for monitoring progress towards national and global education targets. For SDG 4,
it is necessary to rely on a combination of data from administrative records, household surveys and
learning assessments.
Influence of Accreditation on Physical Facilities and Quality Assurance in Ni...YogeshIJTSRD
The general work of the university among other things includes teaching, good physical properties and quality assurance. Universities are recognized as a place to study, collect and impart knowledge and skills of all kinds to students to enable them to be productive upon graduation, to make a living and to make positive contributions to the development of the country. Quality has become a very important issue in university education in Nigeria. Authorization is a systematic review of education systems to ensure that appropriate levels of education, bursaries and physical resources are maintained. Accreditation ensures that the institution maintains quality. The process is designed to determine whether the institution has met or exceeded published standards of accreditation and whether it is fulfilling its stated purpose and purpose. Quality assurance in ensuring the accreditation process falls into the hands of university administrators in general which has created a need for this research. This study examined institutional accreditation and quality assurance its management perspective. It was found among others that the quality of the guaranteed program depends on the level of funding for Nigerian universities. It was also shown that the quality of program accreditation and the resources of Nigerian universities are highly correlated. However, it was also revealed that the accreditation of the program was closely related to staff at Nigerian universities. The study was based on theory but took up large areas of practice during exercise. Obi, Yves-Mary V | Muo, M. C "Influence of Accreditation on Physical Facilities and Quality Assurance in Nigerian Universities: Management Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41245.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commanagement/other/41245/influence-of-accreditation-on-physical-facilities-and-quality-assurance-in-nigerian-universities-management-perspective/obi-yvesmary-v
PERCEPTIONS OF ONLINE TEACHING AND LEARNING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN B...IJITE
This paper explores a sample of data collected from a UNICEF Eastern Caribbean rapid assessment on teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in eight countries. The primary investigation method was mixed and captured data from key participants/stakeholders in education using CAPI Technology and Video Conferencing tools. Statistical analyses and qualitative thematic analysis were conducted to report on findings using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and Nvivo Qualitative Software. The data on online teaching and learning from Barbados was selected for further review and presented an opportunity to assess the Barbadian experience against other developing and developed countries. In assessing these perceptions in a sample of primary and secondary schools, stakeholders were generally dissatisfied with the online and blended learning modalities citing challenges relating to the equality and equity in access to devices and the enabling environment that facilities effective online teaching and learning.
Importance of internet in the learning and teaching process of education in t...IJARIIT
The present research work IMPORTANCE OF INTERNET IN THE LEARNING AND TEACHING PROCESS OF
EDUCATION IN THE RURAL AND URBAN AREAS was conducted in Nagarjuna Degree College, Neelagiri Degree & PG
College and Kakatiya Degree & PG College in Nalgonda Telangana state during the month January 2017 by survey method. In
this survey, the teachers and the students participated. The survey was involved with a well-designed questionnaire. The
participants were made into four groups and every group had their own way of a questionnaire. All the participants were given
each copy of the questionnaire and they had given their opinions, experiences, and suggestions as per the questions.
The results revealed that maximum students and teachers from both rural and urban area said that the internet is important in
their learning and teaching process. And maximum number students and teachers from both rural and urban area are suggesting
the internet as an important tool in their learning and teaching process. And 76.51 % of students said that internet is an important
tool in the learning process, among them 45.55 % are from rural area and 30.96% are from the urban area. And 81.63 % of
teachers said that internet is an important tool in the teaching process, among them 57.14 % are from urban area 24.48 % are
from the rural area. As the maximum number of students and teachers said that the internet is an important tool in the teaching
and the learning process of education, the internet recommended as an important tool in the teaching and the learning process
of education.
AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT POLI...IJITE
The paper presents the findings from current research on the impact that the Curriculum and Assessment
Policy Statement (CAPS) curriculum subjects have on two South African Schools in Gauteng province in
South Africa. The aim is to present the impact of the CAPs subjects in the school. The study did a critical
evaluation of each subject to elaborate on the importance and challenges in implementing the subjects and
using a qualitative research method to collect data on a group of teachers and students on their opinion on
the impact of CAPs subjects. The findings suggest that even though the curriculum is effective, it needs to
be improved to close the gap between public and private schools. Private schools are currently benefiting
the most from the subjects and how the curriculum is structured.
WEB-BASED LEARNING IN PERIODS OF CRISIS: REFLECTIONS ON THE IMPACT OF COVID-19ijcsit
Education systems and its actors are generally responding to quarantine and large-scale shutdown (partial) of cities with a sudden shift to Web-Based Learning. However, given that a pandemic of this nature and scale is novel, there is a knowledge gap as to how teachers and learners should respond to the shift, and what the likely impact and the key considerations should be. This study aims to extrapolate and theorize from the existing knowledgebase about the use of Web-Based Learning, as well as from an expert and practitioner wisdom and experience, to offer high-level guidance for policymakers and education system actors that are forced to make decisions in fast-moving and very challenging circumstances with little guidance or relevant experience. It is an early attempt at theorizing the impact of the pandemic on two key actors (Learners and Teachers) and one interface (Content), all across eight dimensions of learning. The analysis is based on Khan’s (2001) dimension of Web-Based Learning and Anderson’s (2011) Model of Online Learning. Overall, we posit based on experience and practice, that the pandemic has delivered severe shocks to both the demand and supply side of Web-Based Learning, with Leaners, Teachers, and Content all significantly affected. While we hypothesize a general drop in the quality of teaching and learning in the short run, we expect the opposite to be the case in the long run, when the demand and supply side self-correct, albeit guided by strong government and market institutions.
Education systems and its actors are generally responding to quarantine and large-scale shutdown (partial) of cities with a sudden shift to Web-Based Learning. However, given that a pandemic of this nature and scale is novel, there is a knowledge gap as to how teachers and learners should respond to the shift, and what the likely impact and the key considerations should be. This study aims to extrapolate and theorize from the existing knowledgebase about the use of Web-Based Learning, as well as from an expert and practitioner wisdom and experience, to offer high-level guidance for policymakers and education system actors that are forced to make decisions in fast-moving and very challenging circumstances with little guidance or relevant experience. It is an early attempt at theorizing the impact of the pandemic on two key actors (Learners and Teachers) and one interface (Content), all across eight dimensions of learning. The analysis is based on Khan’s (2001) dimension of Web-Based Learning and Anderson’s (2011) Model of Online Learning. Overall, we posit based on experience and practice, that the pandemic has delivered severe shocks to both the demand and supply side of Web-Based Learning, with Leaners, Teachers, and Content all significantly affected. While we hypothesize a general drop in the quality of teaching and learning in the short run, we expect the opposite to be the case in the long run, when the demand and supply side self-correct, albeit guided by strong government and market institutions.
National Education Policy (NEP) has been approved by the Cabinet has been presented by Union Ministers "Prakash Javadekar" and "Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank" in the cabinet briefing.A (5+3+3+4) curricular and pedagogical structure had been proposed based on the cognitive-developmental stages of the children rather than their age. This further divides the K12 years into Foundational Stage (age 3-8 yrs): 3 years of pre-primary plus Grades 1-2, Preparatory Stage (8-11 years): Grades 3-5, Middle Stage (11-14 years): Grades 6-8 and Secondary Stage (14-18 years): Grades 9-12. The NEP also aims to create a new highest regulating body, the Rashtriya Shiksha Aayog or National Education Commission, that would be headed by the Prime Minister of India.
INTERNATIONAL HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS AND EDUCATORS PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPERIENC...ijejournal
The Coronavirus pandemic 2019 (COVID-19) is hastily spreading, bringing pressure and challenges to international students and educators in a higher education institution who were locked down on campus during the COVID-19 outbreak. We sought to explore psychological experiences of international higher education students and educators during the COVID-19 pandemic in Eswatini. A qualitative phenomenological design was adopted. Participants were 20 conveniently selected international higher education students and educators who were locked down on campus from March 20 to September 25, 2020. The interviews were conducted face to face. Data were thematically analysed. The study was informed by the ecological systems theory. The psychological experiences of international higher education students and educators during COVID-19 pandemic were categorized in to four themes. First negative emotions present in early stages involving discomfort, anxiety and helplessness caused by isolation, fear and concern for safety. Second self-coping strategies included psychological and life adjustments, social distancing, acceptance of wearing of masks, hand sanitizing and online/blended learning. Third we reported growth under the crisis which included affection for family members, peers and self-reflection. Finally, we reported that positive emotions occurred concurrently with negative emotions. During the COVID-19 crisis positive and negative emotions of international higher education students and educators intertwined and co-occurred. Self-coping strategies and psychological growth played a crucial role in maintaining mental health of the students and educators. The international students and educators in a higher education institution appeared to be thriving in coping with the COVID19 crisis and lockdown situation which enhanced their participation in online/blended learning.
Today, the libraries need to change its services, by using the ICT technologies. The Libraries need to Provide its ICT Services By using DRONE and Mobile Library lending SERICES AT USERS` HOME. THESE SERVICES ARE AVAILABLE IN SOME FOREIGN COUNTRIES..Dr.M.Anjaiah
Education & technology in an age of covid 19 2BilalArshed1
Many educational reformers have long held out hope that computers and other information and computer technologies (ICTs) can play crucial and integral roles in bringing about long-needed changes to education systems. Indeed, many see the introduction of ICTs in schools as a sort of Trojan horse,
Call for proposals. Digital Pedagogies for Building Peaceful and Sustainable...eraser Juan José Calderón
Call for Proposals | Submission Guide . Digital Pedagogies for Building Peaceful and Sustainable Societies.
December 16 – 18, 2017
Novotel Varun Beach
Visakhapatnam, India
The data revolution
in education. Information Paper N. 39
March 2017 . UNESCO Institute for Statistics .
The Agenda for Sustainable Development and Education 2030 present an ambitious new policy vision
for the international education community. This vision places new demands on countries, especially
producers and users of education data. For Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4, “inclusive and
equitable quality education and lifelong learning opportunities for all,” the main challenge for
countries is to measure and monitor targets that are characterised by their broad scope, the thematic
focus on quality and equity, and the need to enhance national institutional and technical capacities.
The production and dissemination of high quality education statistics is essential for effective
planning, as well as for monitoring progress towards national and global education targets. For SDG 4,
it is necessary to rely on a combination of data from administrative records, household surveys and
learning assessments.
Influence of Accreditation on Physical Facilities and Quality Assurance in Ni...YogeshIJTSRD
The general work of the university among other things includes teaching, good physical properties and quality assurance. Universities are recognized as a place to study, collect and impart knowledge and skills of all kinds to students to enable them to be productive upon graduation, to make a living and to make positive contributions to the development of the country. Quality has become a very important issue in university education in Nigeria. Authorization is a systematic review of education systems to ensure that appropriate levels of education, bursaries and physical resources are maintained. Accreditation ensures that the institution maintains quality. The process is designed to determine whether the institution has met or exceeded published standards of accreditation and whether it is fulfilling its stated purpose and purpose. Quality assurance in ensuring the accreditation process falls into the hands of university administrators in general which has created a need for this research. This study examined institutional accreditation and quality assurance its management perspective. It was found among others that the quality of the guaranteed program depends on the level of funding for Nigerian universities. It was also shown that the quality of program accreditation and the resources of Nigerian universities are highly correlated. However, it was also revealed that the accreditation of the program was closely related to staff at Nigerian universities. The study was based on theory but took up large areas of practice during exercise. Obi, Yves-Mary V | Muo, M. C "Influence of Accreditation on Physical Facilities and Quality Assurance in Nigerian Universities: Management Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41245.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commanagement/other/41245/influence-of-accreditation-on-physical-facilities-and-quality-assurance-in-nigerian-universities-management-perspective/obi-yvesmary-v
PERCEPTIONS OF ONLINE TEACHING AND LEARNING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN B...IJITE
This paper explores a sample of data collected from a UNICEF Eastern Caribbean rapid assessment on teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in eight countries. The primary investigation method was mixed and captured data from key participants/stakeholders in education using CAPI Technology and Video Conferencing tools. Statistical analyses and qualitative thematic analysis were conducted to report on findings using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and Nvivo Qualitative Software. The data on online teaching and learning from Barbados was selected for further review and presented an opportunity to assess the Barbadian experience against other developing and developed countries. In assessing these perceptions in a sample of primary and secondary schools, stakeholders were generally dissatisfied with the online and blended learning modalities citing challenges relating to the equality and equity in access to devices and the enabling environment that facilities effective online teaching and learning.
Importance of internet in the learning and teaching process of education in t...IJARIIT
The present research work IMPORTANCE OF INTERNET IN THE LEARNING AND TEACHING PROCESS OF
EDUCATION IN THE RURAL AND URBAN AREAS was conducted in Nagarjuna Degree College, Neelagiri Degree & PG
College and Kakatiya Degree & PG College in Nalgonda Telangana state during the month January 2017 by survey method. In
this survey, the teachers and the students participated. The survey was involved with a well-designed questionnaire. The
participants were made into four groups and every group had their own way of a questionnaire. All the participants were given
each copy of the questionnaire and they had given their opinions, experiences, and suggestions as per the questions.
The results revealed that maximum students and teachers from both rural and urban area said that the internet is important in
their learning and teaching process. And maximum number students and teachers from both rural and urban area are suggesting
the internet as an important tool in their learning and teaching process. And 76.51 % of students said that internet is an important
tool in the learning process, among them 45.55 % are from rural area and 30.96% are from the urban area. And 81.63 % of
teachers said that internet is an important tool in the teaching process, among them 57.14 % are from urban area 24.48 % are
from the rural area. As the maximum number of students and teachers said that the internet is an important tool in the teaching
and the learning process of education, the internet recommended as an important tool in the teaching and the learning process
of education.
AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT POLI...IJITE
The paper presents the findings from current research on the impact that the Curriculum and Assessment
Policy Statement (CAPS) curriculum subjects have on two South African Schools in Gauteng province in
South Africa. The aim is to present the impact of the CAPs subjects in the school. The study did a critical
evaluation of each subject to elaborate on the importance and challenges in implementing the subjects and
using a qualitative research method to collect data on a group of teachers and students on their opinion on
the impact of CAPs subjects. The findings suggest that even though the curriculum is effective, it needs to
be improved to close the gap between public and private schools. Private schools are currently benefiting
the most from the subjects and how the curriculum is structured.
WEB-BASED LEARNING IN PERIODS OF CRISIS: REFLECTIONS ON THE IMPACT OF COVID-19ijcsit
Education systems and its actors are generally responding to quarantine and large-scale shutdown (partial) of cities with a sudden shift to Web-Based Learning. However, given that a pandemic of this nature and scale is novel, there is a knowledge gap as to how teachers and learners should respond to the shift, and what the likely impact and the key considerations should be. This study aims to extrapolate and theorize from the existing knowledgebase about the use of Web-Based Learning, as well as from an expert and practitioner wisdom and experience, to offer high-level guidance for policymakers and education system actors that are forced to make decisions in fast-moving and very challenging circumstances with little guidance or relevant experience. It is an early attempt at theorizing the impact of the pandemic on two key actors (Learners and Teachers) and one interface (Content), all across eight dimensions of learning. The analysis is based on Khan’s (2001) dimension of Web-Based Learning and Anderson’s (2011) Model of Online Learning. Overall, we posit based on experience and practice, that the pandemic has delivered severe shocks to both the demand and supply side of Web-Based Learning, with Leaners, Teachers, and Content all significantly affected. While we hypothesize a general drop in the quality of teaching and learning in the short run, we expect the opposite to be the case in the long run, when the demand and supply side self-correct, albeit guided by strong government and market institutions.
Education systems and its actors are generally responding to quarantine and large-scale shutdown (partial) of cities with a sudden shift to Web-Based Learning. However, given that a pandemic of this nature and scale is novel, there is a knowledge gap as to how teachers and learners should respond to the shift, and what the likely impact and the key considerations should be. This study aims to extrapolate and theorize from the existing knowledgebase about the use of Web-Based Learning, as well as from an expert and practitioner wisdom and experience, to offer high-level guidance for policymakers and education system actors that are forced to make decisions in fast-moving and very challenging circumstances with little guidance or relevant experience. It is an early attempt at theorizing the impact of the pandemic on two key actors (Learners and Teachers) and one interface (Content), all across eight dimensions of learning. The analysis is based on Khan’s (2001) dimension of Web-Based Learning and Anderson’s (2011) Model of Online Learning. Overall, we posit based on experience and practice, that the pandemic has delivered severe shocks to both the demand and supply side of Web-Based Learning, with Leaners, Teachers, and Content all significantly affected. While we hypothesize a general drop in the quality of teaching and learning in the short run, we expect the opposite to be the case in the long run, when the demand and supply side self-correct, albeit guided by strong government and market institutions.
A Study on the Impact of Teachers’ Online Teaching and Principals’ Digital Le...AI Publications
The most recent change to the educational system is the integration of digital technology, particularly in light of the COVID-19 epidemic. The Indian Ministry of Education (MOE) has taken the initiative to lead initiatives to increase students' digital technology skills and potential. The major goal of this study was to determine the characteristics of principals' digital leadership that predict the level of teachers' digital teaching, as well as the level of teachers' digital teaching practises. This study involved about 400 secondary school teachers in the Dimapur District of Nagaland. The results of this study demonstrate that teachers' digital teaching practises and principals' digital leadership are both at a high level. The two do have a moderately positive link, though. Only digital citizenship was proven to be a reliable indicator of teachers' digital instruction by multiple regression. The results demonstrate that, despite the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, the capacity to create and coordinate digital leadership programmes is significant and can aid in enhancing students' academic achievement.
A Sudden Screen Learning Student Acceptance Model (SSL)Dr. Amarjeet Singh
COVID-19 pandemic has forced schools and academic institutions all over the world to shift to remote online learning overnight. This is the longest disruption to the traditional face-to-face (physical) classroom learning ever. As the shift was unexpected, many stakeholders including teachers, administrators, parents and the students themselves have to embrace the Sudden Screen Learning (SSL) with or without sufficient resources, strategy and plans. As a result of social distancing in order to curb the spread of the pandemic, some students struggled to catch up with online learning challenges as family incomes deteriorated. This research intended to investigate the factors that push private university students to accept and adopt the sudden, remote online learning by applying the UTAUT constructs namely Performance Expectancy (PE), Effort Expectancy (EE), Subjective Norms (SN) and Facilitating Conditions (FC), taking into account the students’ Learning Styles as well as the moderating effect of Trusting Beliefs. The expected outcomes of the research will provide useful insights to the school administrators and regulators in understanding students’ SSL actual usage behaviour, thus, devising effective e-curriculums that will adhere to the same or even better quality of education as an assurance to the future of the younger generations.
Curriculum Crisis in ICT and its Impact on Sustainable Science Education, Res...ijtsrd
Globally, Information and Communication Technology ICT curriculum is significant in realising sustainable science education. Despite this laudable global impact, curriculum crisis in ICT have plagued sustainable science education in Nigeria. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology UTAUT was adopted as the conceptual framework in this study. UTAUT model claims that the benefits of using technology and the factors that drive users’ decision to use it, is what determines users’ acceptance behaviour. The authors explored a narrative review, analysis, and synthesis of vast works of literature that revealed significant information on impact of curriculum Crisis in ICT on sustainable science education in Nigeria. The authors also used some keywords such as “Curriculum Crisis in ICT” , “ICT curriculum Crisis effect on science education” , and so on, to extract peer reviewed articles within the last five years. Results revealed that inclusion of good ICT curriculum design, policies, guidelines, equipment, motivations, high speed internet, etc., may leverage curriculum crisis in ICT. Results from this study may positively impact research and innovations in Nigerian following the absence of curriculum crisis in ICT resulting from inclusion of ICT policies, laws, guidelines. Obiokafor, Ifeyinwa Nkemdilim | Dr. Felix Chukwuma, Aguboshim | Abana, Chinenye Helen O "Curriculum Crisis in ICT and its Impact on Sustainable Science Education, Research and Innovations in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35860.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/35860/curriculum-crisis-in-ict-and-its-impact-on-sustainable-science-education-research-and-innovations-in-nigeria/obiokafor-ifeyinwa-nkemdilim
A global outlook to the interruption of education due to COVID-19 Pandemic: N...eraser Juan José Calderón
A global outlook to the interruption of education due to COVID-19 Pandemic: Navigating in a time of uncertainty and crisis.
Aras Bozkurt, Insung Jung, Junhong Xiao, Viviane Vladimirschi, Robert Schuwer, Gennady Egorov,
Sarah R. Lambert, Maha Al-Freih, Judith Pete, Don Olcott, Jr., Virginia Rodes, Ignacio Aranciaga, Maha
Bali, Abel V. Alvarez, Jr., Jennifer Roberts, Angelica Pazurek, Juliana Elisa Raffaghelli, Nikos
Panagiotou, Perrine de Coëtlogon, Sadik Shahadu, Mark Brown, Tutaleni I. Asino, Josephine
Tumwesige, Tzinti Ramírez Reyes, Emma Barrios Ipenza, Ebba Ossiannilsson, Melissa Bond, Kamel
Belhamel, Valerie Irvine, Ramesh C. Sharma, Taskeen Adam, Ben Janssen, Tatiana Sklyarova,
Nicoleta Olcott, Alejandra Ambrosino, Chrysoula Lazou, Bertrand Mocquet, Mattias Mano, Michael
Paskevicius
Abstract: Uncertain times require prompt reflexes to survive and this study is a collaborative reflex to
better understand uncertainty and navigate through it. The Coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic hit hard
and interrupted many dimensions of our lives, particularly education. As a response to interruption of
education due to the Covid-19 pandemic, this study is a collaborative reaction that narrates the overall
view, reflections from the K12 and higher educational landscape, lessons learned and suggestions from
a total of 31 countries across the world with a representation of 62.7% of the whole world population. In
addition to the value of each case by country, the synthesis of this research suggests that the current
practices can be defined as emergency remote education and this practice is different from planned
practices such as distance education, online learning or other derivations. Above all, this study points
out how social injustice, inequity and the digital divide have been exacerbated during the pandemic and need unique and targeted measures if they are to be addressed. While there are support communities and mechanisms, parents are overburdened between regular daily/professional duties and emerging educational roles, and all parties are experiencing trauma, psychological pressure and anxiety to various
degrees, which necessitates a pedagogy of care, affection and empathy. In terms of educational
processes, the interruption of education signifies the importance of openness in education and highlights
issues that should be taken into consideration such as using alternative assessment and evaluation methods as well as concerns about surveillance, ethics, and data privacy resulting from nearly exclusive
From Physical to Virtual Learning During COVID-19: Challenges, Opportunities ...IJITE
The introduction of virtual learning advanced benefits such as lowered costs of education, greater
flexibility, easy access and reduced need for physical infrastructure in economically viable nations. On the
contrary, many economically challenged nations in the Global South experienced risks and challenges
when virtual learning became the only way of learning. This study investigated challenges faced by the
Zimbabwe education sector in integrating effective virtual learning practice into the secondary school
system following the advent of Covid-19. Harare Metropolitan province was chosen as site for the study. A
triangulation of research methods including an online survey and key informant interviews conducted with
curriculum specialists, teachers, parents and learners, and a review of available literature, aided the
collection of primary and secondary data for the study. NVIVO and grounded theory were used to analyse
and organise the compiled data into thematic data sets, which were in turn used to theorize befitting
findings for the study. Study findings established an array of challenges which reinforced each other to
hinder effective learning during the lockdown. Substantial academic and policy research has focused on
health specific impacts of Covid-19, while a few studies that have explored the effect of Covid-19 on
education have not zeroed in on the context specific geopolitical risks of the pandemic on countries with
challenged economies. This study sought to contribute to this knowledge gap. The study proffered
recommendations for improving preparedness for virtual learning in secondary schools during crisis times.
FROM PHYSICAL TO VIRTUAL LEARNING DURING COVID-19: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES ...IJITE
The introduction of virtual learning advanced benefits such as lowered costs of education, greater
flexibility, easy access and reduced need for physical infrastructure in economically viable nations. On the
contrary, many economically challenged nations in the Global South experienced risks and challenges
when virtual learning became the only way of learning. This study investigated challenges faced by the
Zimbabwe education sector in integrating effective virtual learning practice into the secondary school
system following the advent of Covid-19. Harare Metropolitan province was chosen as site for the study. A
triangulation of research methods including an online survey and key informant interviews conducted with
curriculum specialists, teachers, parents and learners, and a review of available literature, aided the
collection of primary and secondary data for the study. NVIVO and grounded theory were used to analyse
and organise the compiled data into thematic data sets, which were in turn used to theorize befitting
findings for the study. Study findings established an array of challenges which reinforced each other to
hinder effective learning during the lockdown. Substantial academic and policy research has focused on
health specific impacts of Covid-19, while a few studies that have explored the effect of Covid-19 on
education have not zeroed in on the context specific geopolitical risks of the pandemic on countries with
challenged economies. This study sought to contribute to this knowledge gap. The study proffered
recommendations for improving preparedness for virtual learning in secondary schools during crisis times.
FROM PHYSICAL TO VIRTUAL LEARNING DURING COVID-19: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES ...IJITE
The introduction of virtual learning advanced benefits such as lowered costs of education, greater
flexibility, easy access and reduced need for physical infrastructure in economically viable nations. On the
contrary, many economically challenged nations in the Global South experienced risks and challenges
when virtual learning became the only way of learning. This study investigated challenges faced by the
Zimbabwe education sector in integrating effective virtual learning practice into the secondary school
system following the advent of Covid-19. Harare Metropolitan province was chosen as site for the study. A
triangulation of research methods including an online survey and key informant interviews conducted with
curriculum specialists, teachers, parents and learners, and a review of available literature, aided the
collection of primary and secondary data for the study. NVIVO and grounded theory were used to analyse
and organise the compiled data into thematic data sets, which were in turn used to theorize befitting
findings for the study. Study findings established an array of challenges which reinforced each other to
hinder effective learning during the lockdown. Substantial academic and policy research has focused on
health specific impacts of Covid-19, while a few studies that have explored the effect of Covid-19 on
education have not zeroed in on the context specific geopolitical risks of the pandemic on countries with
challenged economies. This study sought to contribute to this knowledge gap. The study proffered
recommendations for improving preparedness for virtual learning in secondary schools during crisis times.
During the COVID -19 pandemic, educational institutions around the world faced problems that have to do
with the frustration of students for whom traditional education has been replaced by the online format.
Students are experiencing technical difficulties in the digitalization of education. International monitoring
of education systems has shown that quite a few countries were ready to move to distance learning, both for
technical and economic reasons. The covid pandemic has caused an increase in educational inequality. Elearning systems were expected to reduce inequality in education, but empirical research has shown that
learning in this format not only does not reduce, but can increase inequality, increasing the gap in
educational outcomes between students with different socioeconomic status. The article describes
applications of using voice recognition technology based on artificial intelligence which, by our opinion,
may reduce educational inequality during covid-19. We presented a comparative analysis of existing
examples artificial intelligence in the educational process.
USING VOICE RECOGNITION IN E-LEARNING SYSTEM TO REDUCE EDUCATIONAL INEQUALITY...IJCSEA Journal
During the COVID -19 pandemic, educational institutions around the world faced problems that have to do
with the frustration of students for whom traditional education has been replaced by the online format.
Students are experiencing technical difficulties in the digitalization of education. International monitoring
of education systems has shown that quite a few countries were ready to move to distance learning, both for
technical and economic reasons. The covid pandemic has caused an increase in educational inequality. Elearning systems were expected to reduce inequality in education, but empirical research has shown that
learning in this format not only does not reduce, but can increase inequality, increasing the gap in
educational outcomes between students with different socioeconomic status. The article describes
applications of using voice recognition technology based on artificial intelligence which, by our opinion,
may reduce educational inequality during covid-19. We presented a comparative analysis of existing
examples artificial intelligence in the educational process. Artificial intelligence uses in specialized software
it makes educational process more convenient for both the students and the teachers. There is a description
of an application “Academic phrase bank" developed by author. The application consists of two specialising
actions for Google assistant. The application allows to increase academic vocabulary, train of creating
grammatically correct academic expressions, and memorize templates of academic phrases. In active mode,
this application helps to create correct phrases of academic English and improve the abilities of
understanding English speech
Using Voice Recognition in E-Learning System to Reduce Educational Inequality...IJCSEA Journal
During the COVID -19 pandemic, educational institutions around the world faced problems that have to do with the frustration of students for whom traditional education has been replaced by the online format. Students are experiencing technical difficulties in the digitalization of education. International monitoring of education systems has shown that quite a few countries were ready to move to distance learning, both for technical and economic reasons. The covid pandemic has caused an increase in educational inequality. E learning systems were expected to reduce inequality in education, but empirical research has shown that learning in this format not only does not reduce, but can increase inequality, increasing the gap in educational outcomes between students with different socioeconomic status. The article describes applications of using voice recognition technology based on artificial intelligence which, by our opinion, may reduce educational inequality during covid-19. We presented a comparative analysis of existing examples artificial intelligence in the educational process. Artificial intelligence uses in specialized software it makes educational process more convenient for both the students and the teachers. There is a description of an application “Academic phrase bank" developed by author. The application consists of two specialising actions for Google assistant. The application allows to increase academic vocabulary, train of creating grammatically correct academic expressions, and memorize templates of academic phrases. In active mode, this application helps to create correct phrases of academic English and improve the abilities of understanding English speech.
The Paradigm Shift in the Indian Education System during COVID19: Impact, Opp...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The COVID-19 pandemic is a huge challenge to education systems. Education is the main priority direction and main development indicator in all civilized countries of the world. The COVID-19 global pandemic has upended all the education system across the world. In this time of crisis, a well-rounded and effective educational practice is what is needed for the capacity-building of young minds. It will develop skills that will drive their employability, productivity, health, and well-being in the decades to come, and ensure the overall progress of India. This research paper tries to investigate on the various impact of Covid-19 in education system especially on rural India. We also try to throw light on the different existing and new initiatives by government during the pandemic. The novel coronavirus has transformed the centuries-old, chalk–talk teaching model to one driven by technology. The last 50 years have seen huge growth worldwide in the provision of education at all levels. COVID-19 is the greatest challenge that these expanded national education systems have ever faced. Many governments have ordered institutions to cease face-to-face instruction for most of their students, requiring them to switch, almost overnight, to online teaching and virtual education. We see a drastic rise in the use of various teaching and conferencing technologies which has been explained in this paper, also various advantages and disadvantages to the students in the use of these technologies have been covered in this research paper by identifying opportunities and trends. Finally research has been concluded by providing avenues to future research and a meaningful conclusion.
The present study emphasizes the global impact of the e-learning process during COVID 19. The implementation of lockdown and social distancing has been enforced as one of the preventive measures to spread the coronavirus infection which has resulted in complete paralysis of global activities. Especially the education system which is completely shut and to proceed with the academic curriculum, there is a shift from the regular learning process to electronic learning. This can be cited with an increased number of online classes, conferences, meetings, etc. It can be noted that the world is completely dependent on information technologies during this crisis. Hence, the present study provides an insight into the process of electronic learning and its advantages along with the updated version of its usage. To best of our knowledge, there have been scanty scientific reports on this particular situation of the impact of e-learning during COVID 19. The present study is a compilation of the components of e-learning tools along with the future perspective on education using information science
Online Education in Public and Private Universities of Dhaka during COVID-19Jahid Khan Rahat
This research proposal is made for academic purpose. It shows that how COVID-19 can change our education system. In Bangladesh, higher education is transforming online from traditional classroom.
Similar to Computer Based Training and Leaning under the Influence of the COVID 19 Pandemic A Case of South African Institutions of Higher Learning (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
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Apart from computers, mobile devises have also
proved to be useful tools when it comes to making the
lives of learners easier. Papadakis et al.,
(2018)acknowledged that mobile devices provided
features such as real-time access to information,
communication, context awareness, and feedback that
could support self-directed learning. In developed
countries, learners access rich digital tools at home to
learn to create content, solve problems, engage,
collaborate, and network, thereby laying a foundation
for 21st-century skills acquisition (Papadakis et al.,
2018; Rambe & Bere, 2013). The integration of ICTs
in education has therefore increased student
satisfaction and engagement. (Wahab & Ali, 2020)
notes that the education system must rapidly embrace
emerging technologies to support remote learning.
This means, internet access must not be limited by
geographical boundaries, which in turn presents equal
learning opportunities for every student.
Online learning may soon become as alternative to
face to face learning as depicted by increased
numbers of online enrolments, globally (Studies,
2020). This has further been re-emphasised by the
outbreak of pandemics and natural disasters which
have clearly shown that teaching and learning are not
only confined to the four walls but have revealed the
interconnectedness that exists between education and
technology (Wargo et al., 2021). However, significant
challenges have accompanied this huge educational
shift from face to face to online learning during the
pandemic. These challenges include poor ICT
infrastructure in institutions, lack of internet and skill
when it comes to the use of ICT in teachers, as well
as and poor student reach ability or accessibility
(Khalil et al., 2020; Ferri et al., 2020). Faced with the
current pandemic, the global education system must
therefore adapt to the new norm, by moving away
from the conventional face-to-face to virtual and
online learning especially in the wake of unforeseen
health disasters such as the Coronavirus disease of
2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The study now gives a
brief background to the study, which relates to the use
of ICT during the COVID-19 pandemic and
possibility of use in the post-COVID-19 era.
Background and Overview
The COVID-19 disease was discovered in Wuhan,
China in December 2019(Sharma & Alvi, 2021; Zhu
et al., 2020). The disease has since spread to other
continents, and as at 20 August 2021, 209 876 613
COVID-19 cases have been confirmed globally and
there has been 4 400 284 confirmed deaths and 4 562
256 778 vaccine doses administered world-wide
(WHO, 2021a). Whilst it has been argued that
vaccines can prevent injected people from suffering
from the severe negative effects of the disease, it has
also been revealed that vaccinated people can also
suffer from the pandemic and spread it to others
(CDC, 2021; WHO, 2021b). This has prompted many
governments worldwide to operate in a mode of
radical uncertainty through the continued
implementation of partial and total lockdowns in
order to manage the spread of the disease
(Ntshwarang et al., 2021). These national lockdowns
have in turn affected people’s way of life, particularly
those of students in institutions of higher learning as
they have been forced to stay at home and adapt to
the new norm of learning by making use of virtual or
online learning through the internet (Wahab & Ali,
2020; Kapasia et al., 2020). This has seen many
countries at international and regional levels adopting
online virtual learning at both the international and
regional levels (Zalat et al., 2021). South Africa has
been no exception as it has also seen the increased
adoption of online learning in its secondary and
tertiary education institutions (Dzinamarira et al.,
2021). The article mainly concentrates on institutions
of Higher Learning in South Africa, which in turn
leaves a research gap as it does not give an in-depth
analysis of other countries within Southern Africa and
beyond. The article does not look at other educational
sectors as well as such Primary and Secondary
education, which also leaves a gap to be further
explored when it comes to COVID-19 issues in
relation to online learning in these other sectors. The
article now looks at the theoretical framework
guiding the discourse.
Theoretical Underpinnings
The study is motivated by the Technology
Acceptance Model (TAM) put forward by Davis in
1989 (Davis 1989). This was chosen as a result of its
significant link to the study. The TAM is an
information systems theory that models how people
or users come to accept and use technology
(Urhiewhu et al., 2015). The model suggests that,
whenever users are presented with new technology,
there are a number of factors that influence how and
when they will decide to use it and these mainly relate
to behavioral intentions which include perceived
usefulness and ease of usefulness of the system,
attitude, individual intention or organizational
position (Santi et al., 2020.; Urhiewhu et al., 2015). In
this case, for Computer Based Training (CBT) to be
fully accepted as a permanent and more convenient
way of learning during the COVID-19 era and
beyond, the teacher and the learner must be fully
acquainted as regards to how to effectively use CBT
and in turn develop a positive attitude towards it.
Davis, (1989) further emphasizes that, acceptability
or the ability of people to reject information
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technology is based on attitude of the user towards
the system (Davis 1989). Two elements (figure 1)
have been regarded as important in making people
accept or reject ICT, and these are Perceived
Usefulness (PU) and Perceived Ease of Use (PEU).
Figure 1: Technology Acceptance Model (Davis et al., 1996)
The diagram shows that, the external valuables found in potential users which are PU and PEU are quite
essential in determining behaviour and the attitude of people towards actual usage of ICT devises. These external
variables shall now be explained and how they link to the positive use of technology.
External Variables / External Stimulus
External Variables are factors that come from outside and not from within, whilst stimulus is an instant reaction
that people do when they see a new product, or when they have been told to instantly adapt to the new way of
living without choosing (Cambridge English Dictionary, 2021). In this case, the way people would react to new
normal of quickly shifting to online learning from the previous face-to-face learning (with either a positive
attitude or a negative one) would be regarded as an external stimulus. How people would perceive the new
normal would have an impact of the success of the immediate shift from face to face learning to online learning.
Cognitive Response - Perceived Use and Perceived Ease of Use Explained
Cognitive Response is defined as the change in attitude through persuasive communication and this may ignite
with a person’s existing attitude (Greenwald, 1968).PU is defined as the extent to which a person believes that
his or her job performance will be enhanced by using a particular system (Davis, 1989). In this regard, if both
students and staff believe that the use of CBT or ICT in learning will improve their performance in their job (for
staff) and in their learning (for students), e-learning platforms are bound to be more successful.
PEU is the ability of students to believe that the use of digital information resources makes learning easier
(Davis 1989). In This case, if students believe that the use of ICT in learning is meant to make learning easier,
they will develop a positive attitude towards e-learning and this becomes a positive step in the development of e-
learning platforms in schools. Perceived Ease of Use is also said to have a direct influence of PU (Davis et al.,
1996). If students perceive that new technology is easy to use, then they will believe that they will perform better
upon the use of ICT in learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
Behavioural Intension and Actual Usage
Behavioural Intension refers to the degree of a person’s formulation of plans to either perform of not perform
some specified behaviour in future (Urhiewhu et al., 2015). If students and staff all develop a positive behaviour
intension towards the use of new technology in learning (in this case, shifting from face to face learning to e-
learning), then actual usage of ICT and e-learning platforms will dominate learning institutions. Actual usage in
this case would be the rate as which students and staff would adopt to the use of ICT as a medium of learning.
These factors (PU, PEU and Behaviour Intension) are interlinked and if the chain is motivated by positive
student and staff attitude towards the use of ICT in learning during COVID, then eLearning during the COVID-
19 era and beyond is likely to be more successful. The TAM has proved to be an effective tool by practitioners
and researchers to predict acceptance of information technologies (Davis et al., 1996). It then becomes a useful
tool in predicting the rate of acceptability of new technologies in learning in future.The article now looks at the
conceptual framework guiding the discourse.
External
stimulus
Cognitive
response
Intention Behaviour
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Conceptual Framework
Defined as a synopsis of various study findings from literature sources that have been reviewed about the
research, a conceptual framework sets out the agenda as regards to increase understanding of the research
intentions (Shikalepo, 2020). It therefore summarises what the research is all about and what the general findings
of the research were in a snapshot. Figure 2is a representation of the conceptual framework relating to the study.
Figure 2: Conceptual Framework (Author, 2021)
It can be noted that, the COVID-19 pandemic incited the closure of schools across the globe by many
governments as a way to manage the spread of the pandemic. This has in turn resulted in the closure of schools
and the immediate adoption of e-learning or the use of ICT for learning for both learners and trainers or teachers
and staff. These have however had own positive and negative effects.
Positive Effects
The positive effects of online learning included enhanced ICT skills in both staff and students. In this regard,
both students and staff were left with no option than to learn how to use ICT as a medium of communication and
leaning. This in turn developed skill among users during the COVID-19 pandemic period and beyond. Through
the use of ICT in learning, students will then be able to keep track with their education and not lag behind with
their school work. In efforts to make learning easier for students, government is also bound to increase internet
access even in hard-to-reach areas so as to make the majority of students able to access the internet for learning
purposes. The shift from face to face to online learning has also came about with some negative effects and these
shall now be highlighted.
Implementation of the National
Lockdown and Closure of Tertiary
Institutions
The rampant spread of the COVID-19
pandemic across continents and its
appearance in South Africa
Positive Effects of Using ICT
Enhanced ICT skills in staff and
students as they will be left with
no option than to familiarise
themselves with ICT
No lagging behind of student
learning in times of crisis
Improved access to internet across
geographical locations
Negative Effects
Low ICT skills for both staff and students
Poor Internet Connection
Poor Geographical Location and poor
internet connectivity
Lack of ICT devises for some students
who come from poor backgrounds
Poor and Outdated Internet Infrastructure
in Institutions
Some Programmes such as Medicine
needing Face to Face interaction
Recommendations
Increase Internet Bandwidth
Across the Country
Make ICT a basic learning
requirement from primary school
throughout secondary
Upgrade ICT infrastructure in
Institutions
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Negative Effects
The COVID-19 pandemic and the use of ICT or CBT technology also brought about some negative effects along
with it and these included poor internet connectivity, poor ICT skills for both staff and students (in some
instances), lack of laptops among students as well as poor and outdated ICT infrastructure in some instances.
This would mean difficulties for some students and staff to engage in the e-learning exercise and this would
mean setbacks and the lagging behind of some students in learning, especially those with no laptops. This would
mean, the appearance of the pandemic in the South African Landscape would be handled with such difficulty
and hence, the need for the government and other stakeholders such as non-governmental organisations to join
hands and improve the life of the ordinary student.
Recommendations
The study in a nutshell therefore recommended government to invest in increased bandwidth to strengthen
internet connections no matter where the student may be. This would mean that geographical boundaries would
not act as a barrier to cutting network connections for other students especially those that live in remote areas.
The study would also recommend that institutions invest and upgrade their ICT infrastructure on-campus so that
even during the post-COVID pandemic, students would not struggle to connect to the internet. The ability to
make ICT learning a basic learning requirement for students from primary school would guard against the
possibility of students and staff not having adequate ICT skills in tertiary institutions. This is because, they
would have familiarised themselves with the skill in the early years of their learning. The article now reviews
literature related to the study as regards to CBT during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. This is done by
looking at its adoption at the international and regional levels, as well as the challenges faced. First priority shall
however be given to an understanding of what CBT is and the various types that falls under it.
Literature Review
The onset of COVID 19 resulted in a situation where teachers and students are undesirably asked to change their
teaching system from the offline face-to-face session in the classroom to the digital/virtual teaching system using
various online platforms or applications (Cornelius, 2014). The shift from face to face to online would require
various adjustments which has a lot to do with development of skill to use computers and table 1 shows a
distinct differentiation between online learning and face to face learning.
Table 1: the differences between online learning and face to face learning
Face to Face Learning Online Learning
Face to face interaction between student and
Tutor or Teacher
Can be synchronous (virtual real time learning) or
asynchronous (for example through the use of emails)
Once lesson is over, it cannot be repeated Online learning videos can be repeated at any time
Students can ask where they do not understand
there and then for further clarification and
response is direct
In the case of questions raised, response can be delayed
No need for the internet
There is need for the internet to connect, if there is no
internet, progress is delayed
Cannot be affected by geographical location Geographical location can disrupt internet connection
In face to face learning, computer skills may not
be necessary
There is need for good computer skills on the part of
the learner and the teacher for learning to take place
there might be no need of both parties to own a
laptop or a mobile phone with internet
A laptop or computer or a mobile phone is necessary
for learning to take place
Source: Cornelius, 2014; Pedagogies et al., 2014; Wahab & Ali, 2020; Kapasia et al., 2020
It can be noted that, face to face and online learning does differ a lot from online learning which requires
students and teachers to be well equipped with computer skills and with good internet connection for effective
learning to take place. It has in turn become very critical for both teacher and student to quickly learn and adapt
their teaching and learning to virtual teaching (Sharma & Alvi, 2021). Teachers are known to spearhead of the
implementation of online learning, must therefore be able to condition all instructional components (Montrieux
et al., 2015). These include instructional methods, media that will be used in learning, use of instructional time
related to the time of application use, and psychological and social factors that significantly affect teachers'
motivation when teaching (Rasmitadila et al., 2020)This would ultimately mean the need for more skill in the
trainer for lessons to be delivered efficiently and effectively. There are basically two learning approaches and
these shall now be discussed at this juncture.
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Virtual learning approaches
The study appreciates the two basic delivery modes of online learning and these are asynchronous and
synchronous modes. An asynchronous mode of learning refers to the delivery of learning resources and materials
via Learning Management System platforms (LMS), such as BB or Moodle. Alternatively, asynchronous online
communication does not require real-time participation of both student and instructor, but is supported by tools
such as discussion boars, blogs, e-mails and video / audio recordings(Pedagogies et al., 2014). Asynchronous
mode of learning therefore allows students to study at their own pace (Reese, 2015).
Synchronous mode involves the real-time delivery of course contents and synchronous software enables both the
student and the instructor to communicate orally, as well as exchange messages through various means such as
typing, the uploading of power point presentations, as well as the surfing of web pages together (McBrien et al.,
2009). Hrastinski, (2008) argues that, synchronous e-learning has the potential to e-learners in the developing
learning communities. It offers whiteboard, video and audio streaming as well as the sharing of files (Cornelius,
2014; Pedagogies, 2014). It is also argued that the non-verbal communication signals accompanying the
synchronous conferencing sessions make learners feel more connected and engaged with their peers and
instructors (Pedagogies, 2014). This helps to overcome the students' feeling of isolation that occurs in an
asynchronous environments(Malik et al., 2017).
However, technical problems, such as the internet speed, might stand as a barrier to students' engagement with
synchronous platforms (Pedagogies, 2014). However, although it might seem that asynchronous tools are less
communicative than synchronous tools, some studies claim that asynchronous tools can improve learners'
cognitive skills (Hrastinski, 2008).A combination of synchronous and asynchronous modes in learning then
therefore add value to learning for students. It has also been observed that, besides computers, most students and
staff are also comfortable with mobile assisted learning due to its easier accessibility.
Mobile Assisted Learning
Studies have observed that, during the home-based learning period, many teachers prefer to use Mobile-Assisted
Learning (MAL) which relate to the use of mobile technology asa medium to teach their students. It has been
argued that mobile technology has special characteristics in terms of portability (Arashnia et al., 2016; Pratiwi et
al., 2020), connectivity and social interaction (Wagner et al., 2016). Mobile phones have also been regarded as
user friendly, always in one’s pocket and more conveniently accessible than textbooks or computers (Wagner et
al., 2016; Mardiah et al., 2020).Various apps can therefore be used in learning activities and these include
YouTube to watch videos, Zoom and Google Meeting to have online meeting or video conferencing and Safari
to browse Internet (Khalil et al., 2020). This shows the flexibility of the mobile phone to handle many apps for
learning and its ability to be a multi-purpose gadget. The study now discusses ICT or CBT in line with COVID-
19 at international and regional levels.
Computer-Based Training and Impact of Teaching and Learning at Global Level
National lockdowns and school closures (as ways to manage the spread of the pandemic) would disrupt students
learning in most parts of the world and hence, the need for immediate adaptation to online learning platforms. As
a way to mitigate the loss of learning in most schools and institutions of higher learning, many countries engaged
in remote learning as a way to cope with the crisis (Ntshwarang et al., 2021). Most universities then moved to
online learning or E-learning (Wahab & Ali, 2020). Astudy revealed that, many European and East Asian
schools in tertiary education swiftly moved to online platforms for teaching and learning(Arnhold, et al.,2020)
and these would be either through asynchronous or synchronous modes. Countries (such as Estonia, Denmark,
France, Finland and Germany) that had invested in the ICT sector and advanced in terms of digitalization in a
strategic way before the crises easily transitioned to online teaching and learning, whilst those that had not
established a strategic approach towards digitalization faced more difficulty (Arnhold, et al., 2020).
In the case of Italy however, it was revealed that the North-South dichotomy resulted in students in the North
benefiting more than students in the South because in the North advanced learning platforms were being used
and more than 51% of students would regularly attend video lessons, whilst those in the Southern region would
be given homework to be done and corrected online (Ferri et al., 2020). This is further supported by (Wargo et
al., 2021) which revealed that in the year 2019, among 14-17 year olds, two out of three had basic or low digital
skills. It was therefore argued that, technological endowment of families was the biggest hindrance impeding or
slowing down the definitive affirmation of online learning (Ferri et al., 2020). Various limitations to efficient
and effective use of ICT technologies have therefore been noted and these include, lack of equipment and
internet at school, improper use of technology and lack of skills to use ICT in teachers(Santi et al., 2020). Wahab
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& Ali, (2020) also notes that apart from resources, student accessibility, confidence staff readiness and
motivation factors do play an important role in ICT integrated learning. The teacher and the learner must
therefore have a positive attitude towards adopting ICT technologies for learning purposes, which in turn
coincides with the TAM model which supports students must have a positive attitude towards PU and PEU if
new technology is to be successful.
Computer-Based Training and Impact of Teaching and Learning at Regional Level
It is quite evident that the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted many socio-economic activities including formal and
non-formal education and by mid-April 2020, formal education of at least 1.6 billion students in 192 countries
had been disrupted (Mukute et al., 2020). This would mean the need for quick adoption of online learning by
schools and universities in order to cope. It was also observed that, those in In a Namibian study carried out in an
online survey with 137 undergraduates to understand students learning experiences during lockdowns, it was
revealed that mobile devices remained the primary or the basic computing device used to access academic
information by students (Kaisara et al., 2021). It was also argued that, mobile learning became the most viable
means of learning or most African countries due to ubiquity reasons (Kaisara et al., 2021). In this case, it would
be easier for students to connect and learn through their phone, anywhere they may be, as long as there is good
internet connection. This then becomes a disadvantage for students located in remote centres where internet is
hard to reach (Naidoo et al., 2020).
Unfortunately for most African Universities such as the University of Botswana, eLearning challenges would be
accelerated by poor access to internet, excess students, and poor infrastructural developments (Ntshwarang et al.,
2021). In another study based on the responses of 56 parents, educators and students involved in non-formal and
formal education in Malawi, South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe, main educational
challenges identified were mainly concerned to adapting to online learning, continuity of education from home
as well as adapting to community based-learning in small groups (Mukute et al., 2020).A study of three
universities in Tanzania’s Morogoro region, revealed that in all the institutions studies, there was limited
applicability of e-learning due to the lack of skill among users, poor attitude, and insufficient ICT infrastructure
(Innocent et al., 2020).It was also revealed that unlike students, university faculties also faced difficulties during
the COVID-19 pandemic and these include the need for more training on staff to deliver online learning,
academic increased workload for staff and staff also faced the risk of being retrenched in order to minimise
costs(Agyapong et al., 2020). This shows that both institutions, students and staff all faced difficulties to adopt to
the new way of learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Sustaining Learning during and after COVID-19 Pandemic
The top priority for some concerned governments during school closures is continuity in learning regardless of
means of learning. The seismic shift in this challenging time has brought about a rethinking on how to transform
teaching/learning situations into technology-support mode; resuscitate accessible activities; utilise materials and
technological devices that are less leading-edge, less sophisticated, and less advanced to students in destitute
environments. Some of the learning channels ideal for children's learning irrespective of different categories of
teachers and students are employed. In correcting some of these challenges, Mukute et al., (2020) argues that,
there is need to reveal structural inequalities and justice issues in education. Innocent et al., (2020)suggests the
need for governments to allocate funds in order to make sure that universities become well equipped with ICT
facilities and to ensure that students will be well equipped with ICT skills from primary throughout secondary
education in order to make sure that students develop a positive attitude towards e-learning. Ntshwarang et al.,
(2021) suggests the need for both students and instructors to commit themselves to the use of e-learning and also
emphasise the need for students and staff to train using online platforms such as Moodle. Kaisara et al., (2021)
supports the need for African nations to note that adoption of these technologies is also influenced by cultural,
local, political and economic conditions, hence, importing implementation frameworks of foreign countries may
make it difficult to yield results. it is also argued that there was need for Higher Learning Institutions to strongly
enforce ICT institutional policy, ensure classrooms with ICT infrastructure that is up to date for implementation
of e-Learning as well as ensure that there is internet wireless connectivity in the university vicinity (Innocent et
al., 2020; Ntshwarang et al., 2021).
Omodan,(2020)notes that there are some learning channels that could be employed by earners from low-income
class living in rural/urban areas are face-to-face private lessons, interactive radio instruction, educational
television programme, resources for parents, and resources for peer-to-peer learning. Systems, (2020) explain
that some learners engage in active and self-regulated learning using alternate resources. Systems,(2020)notes
that there are various opportunities involved in the use of ICT for learning and these are that, there is room for
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innovation and digital development, it may also enable the designing of flexible programmes, users can be of
any age and also that it may enable the strengthening of skills such as problem solving, thinking and
adaptability.
Methodology
The article was done using desktop research which entails the review of secondary data sources. The figure
below summarises the research model by the researcher. The research model is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 3: The Research Model (Author, 2021).
The research was mainly focused on the impact of COVID-19 on teaching and learning in institutions of Higher
Learning. In this case, the researcher focused on universities. The study appreciated that, in pre-COVID times,
learning and teaching was mainly done face to face, and on the onset of the start of the deadly pandemic in South
Africa, and Education immediately switched to virtual or online learning and this was computer based. However,
due to availability of cell phones in both students and teachers, some resorted to the use of mobile devises as a
medium of communication between learners and teachers.
Training Approaches and Devises for Conducting
e-learning
It is revealed that in pre-COVID times, most learning
was done using face to face mechanisms in most
University institutions (Gherheș et al., 2021).
However, at the beginning of the Pandemic, most
institutions had to move to online learning platforms
(Gherheș et al., 2021; Sharma & Alvi, 2021) to enable
students to learn whilst in the comfort of their homes.
Online learning would in some way, replace face to
face learning and allow student and teacher to interact
via online platforms. It is also revealed that, during
the COVID era, students and staff have mainly relied
on the use of Two most significant devises used by
students to do online learning are either through the
use of computers / laptop and or mobile devises
(Laher et al., 2021; Elaish et al., 2017; Mardiah et al.,
2020). In this case, both students and staff ought to
have access to any one of these for online lessons to
be conveyed. These activities are interlinked and their
connection was established through Desktop
Research.
Desktop Research
The study was based on desktop research. Desktop
research or the use of secondary data sources to
gather data is when a researcher reviews literature
relating to the study from other sources or from the
work of other scholars (Khalil et al., 2020). In this
case, the researcher used scholarly secondary data
sources from google scholar that dealt with the shift
of class-room face to face learning to online learning
during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cases were drawn
from the international, regional, and local (South
Africa) levels, to get an appreciation of how ICT has
become an essential learning tool during the COVID-
19 pandemic. The researcher also reviewed the
various challenges in online learning during the
South African Education Training Approaches Devises used to conduct e-Learning
Mobile Assisted Learning
Data Gathered through Desktop Research / the Use of Secondary Data Sources
Institutions of
Higher Learning
(Cases taken from
South African
University
Institutions mainly)
Largely Face to Face in Pre-
COVID times
Immediate Adaptation to
Virtual training – during and
after COVID-19
Computer based Training
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course of the pandemic, as well as extract possible
solutions to them as well. Coming back home, the
researcher looked at two cases of universities in South
Africa, one from the city (University of
Witwatersrand) and one from a historically
disadvantaged rural settling (University of Venda)
just to get a feel of the challenges experienced in the
two very different universities. Apart from scholarly
articles, information on how the two universities
tackled e-learning under the COVID-19 pandemic
was also gathered on the two university websites. The
choice in the two universities was to reveal that,
universities in rural settings are usually more
disadvantaged from those in the city as they may
suffer from other negative impacts such as a
disadvantage in geographical location, which may
make it very difficult or some students to access the
internet. The article also reviews scholarly articles
from google scholar relating to how some countries
have resolved some of the hindrances experienced
during the sudden shift from face to face class-room
learning to online learning. The article also helps
universities to be better prepared for any unforeseen
disaster or natural hazard that may disturb learning in
future, by enabling university institutions to easily
switch to online learning with less or no difficulties.
The study now moves on to the results section.
Results
It can be noted that, the COVID-19 pandemic brought
with it, a lot of innovation when it comes to CBT and
online learning. This is mainly because, the world had
to make way for learning despite the difficult learning
environment under the influence of the COVID-19
pandemic. The study also notes that, due to the
COVID-19 pandemic and the accompanying policies
such as the lockdown policies adopted by most
governments in both the developed and the
developing worlds, the use of ICT in learning has
become an inevitable learning tool for most
Institutions of Higher Learning (Ntshwarang et al.,
2021;Innocent et al., 2020). This would reduce the
loss in student learning time, as they would be
expected to learn using the internet on the computer
or on mobile phones using either synchronized (real
time) or synchronized (non-real-time learning).CBT
therefore come with advantages such as the ability of
the trainer to train more people at one goal in a
standardized way, as well as the ability of the learner
to be able to repeat the video at own pace
(Schwaninger, 2011). This in turn allows enables
teachings to be documented and students can play the
video over and over again for better understanding of
what was being taught, a phenomenon which may not
be possible under face-to-face teaching due to the
need to also engage in other courses in a limited space
of time. The article also notes that countries that have
made advances in digital technologies (before the
striking of the COVID-19 pandemic) such as France,
Germany and Finland found it easier to shift to online
learning(Arnhold, et al., 2020). Whist those with
limited or no advances faced much difficulty as was
the case with Southern Italy which was lagging in
terms of ICT advancements when compared to
Northern Italy (Ferri et al., 2020.; Wargo et al., 2021).
This showed that, countries with limited ICT skills
would face more challenges for both teaching staff
and learners.
African countries have not been on an easy road when
it comes to adoption of ICT technologies for teaching
and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic era. It
was also revealed that, the use of mobile phones in
learning was more feasible in most African countries
due to ubiquity reasons (Kaisara et al., 2021). This
comes as a result of the fact that mobiles phones are
cheaper to own as compared to computers, which in
turn increases the likelihood of African learners to
also benefit from online learning through the use of
mobile phones. Good internet connection is also an
asset when it comes to effectively learning online
even when one owns a mobile phone (Kaisara et al.,
2021). This then calls for the need for governments to
ensure that students learning from various parts of the
country are provided with good internet connections,
so that students even in remote areas, do not lag
behind when it comes to learning.
It also important to note that, most African countries
have lagged behind in terms of technological
advancements in ICT as indicated by the inability of
countries such as Botswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe and
Namibiato quickly adapt to online learning (Mukute
et al., 2020), and poor skill in users, poor ICT
infrastructure in the four Tanzanian universities
studied (Innocent et al., 2020), as well as the lack of
skill in most teachers to use ICT (Santi et al., 2020).
This shows a very huge gap in terms of technological
advancements between African nations and countries
such as Germany, Finland and France, which were
already advancing in remote learning before the
COVID-19 pandemic even appeared. to minimise the
risk of increased costs, university staff would also
face the risk of being retrenched whilst at work and
the challenged of increased work (Agyapong et al.,
2020).This would in turn reduce peace of mind in
tertiary institution workers as they would be faced
with the risk of losing their jobs during the time of the
pandemic and this would in some way affect worker
performance.
In reducing the disparities between nations with
advanced ICT and those that are lagging, many
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scholars have emphasised the need for government to
improve ICT infrastructure in universities as well as
develop ICT skills in students (Ntshwarang et al.,
2021), as well as the need for African countries to
acquaint the cultural, political and economic
frameworks with ICT (Kaisara et al., 2021), as well as
to teach ICT from primary throughout secondary
schooling (Innocent et al., 2020). This would in turn
help the local people to view ICT as a normal part of
their everyday life and in turn help in the
development of a positive attitude bystudents when it
comes to the use of ICT in learning as they proceed
up to tertiary education. The article now zooms in on
the use of ICT in South Africa’s tertiary education
and this shall now be discussed at this juncture.
Insights from South Africa
As noted earlier, the COVID-19 pandemic left no
continent unturned and unfortunately, South Africa
was also affected by the pandemic within its borders.
On the 15th
of March 2020, the South African
President declared a national state of disaster, and this
was followed by a national lockdown strategy, and
this came at a time when some South African
universities where struggling either to commence
with the academic year, or to make up for the lost
time due to continued student protests which related
to various student demands (Landa et al., 2021).
South Africa then went under level 5 in March
2020(Wits University, 2020a). In order to manage the
spread of the deadly virus, schools had to close down
and tertiary institutions had to come up various ways
that would allow students to learn while at
home(Dzinamarira et al., 2020). This would involve
an immediate shift from face to face learning to
online learning would not only be a move that would
only affect students, but staff and institutions as well.
Lockdowns caught most of the students and staff
unaware and this presented these two groups with
various levels of unpreparedness as the e-learning
process required a combination of having access to
ICT resources such as laptops, smartphones, and good
internet connectivity, which most South African
students from disadvantaged communities did not
have (Naidoo et al., 2020). A qualitative studycarried
out on two universities located in the remote parts of
Eastern Cape revealed that it was quite challenging
for universities located in remote areas to access
online learning facilities which in turn indicated gross
inequalities when it comes to educational outcomes of
students from different socio-economic backgrounds
(Landa et al., 2021). Perspectives et al., (2021)further
emphasised on the gap which historical inequalities in
the South African landscape created as they had
remained persistent throughout the passage of time,
and further placed emphasis that, these inequalities
affected the e-learning practices especially by
students from disadvantaged groups.
Geographical location also presented a major
hindrance especially for students in rural areas who
receive data bundles from government, but due to
poor connectivity, students would struggle to keep
abreast with important government and institutional
updates, and would in many instances, result in some
students often relying on misleading and fake
information that increased their fears and anxiety
(Naidoo and Cartwright, 2020). A study in one of the
South African universities also revealed that, staff
could not give students any new work during the
initial 21-day national lockdown due to various
challenges such as the lack of access to devises and
internet by some students and staff (Perspectives et
al., 2021), which presented a major learning
hindrance to many students within the nation of South
Africa.
The South African government should be applauded
for its efforts to reduce difficulties in adapting to
online learning. It is also acknowledged that, the
South African government and the National Student
Financial Scheme (NSFAS) committed to themselves
to the speedy distribution of laptops to students in
need during lockdown period, the laptop procurement
process was one that was complicated and
contentious, resulting in some students lagging
behind when it comes to online academic
participation which would in turn affect test and exam
performance (Naidoo and Cartwright, 2020). The
South African government also injected R12 billion
on basic and higher education to address online
learning as well as put measures in place to stop the
spread when schools open (Perspectives et al., 2021).
This would mean better preparations for the re-
opening of schools, despite the unpredictable nature
of the pandemic, which have mad many nations on a
roller coaster-ride of putting emergency partial or
total lockdown periods, depending on the intensity of
the spread of the pandemic at any point in time, and
South Africa is no exception.
In efforts to make online learning more accessible and
enjoyable, a study revealed that, a university in South
Africa’s Eastern Cape Province offered an online
platform for off campus students and this is said to
have been very useful, and it also supported students
by offering support in the form of laptops and data
bundles which was something that some students in
pre-COVID times were even in need of (Mukute et
al., 2020). Laher et al., (2021)also recommends the
need of learning platforms such as the Moodle
Learning Management System to be used not only as
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a depository, but also to be customised by being
linked to social media sites (such as WhatsApp or
Facebook), video and audio conferencing (You Tube,
Zoom, Skype) and other learning resources in order to
ensure that interactive learning (both synchronous and
asynchronous) are provided for.
In managing the spread of the pandemic in university
institutions as lockdowns began to loosen up from
level 4 to 3 then level 2, government and university
institutions would operate with a set of rules that
would help in reducing the spread of the pandemic
once students go back to their campuses and these
would be observance of social distancing of 1.5m-
2Meters for students in lectures, the wearing of
masks, as well as hand washing and constant
sanitisation among other measures as this was the
case of the University of Venda(UNIVEN, 2021;van
Schalkwyk, 2021). These measures would present the
way students and lecturers are supposed to behave in
the post COVID-19 era for the spread of the disease
to be effectively controlled. Vaccinations have also
been rolled, with South Africa being one of the first
African countries to receive the vaccine (Dzinamarira
et al., 2021), and South African university staff have
started being vaccinated towards the end July 2021
(Naidoo et al., 2020; van Schalkwyk, 2021).Whilst it
has been argued that vaccines can only prevent the
severity of the disease in patients, it has been revealed
that the vaccine does not stop vaccinated people from
catching and spreading the virus, though to a lesser
extent (CDC, 2021; WHO, 2021b). This calls for the
need for people to still practice preventative measures
such as social distancing and the wearing of masks
among other measures. The study now compares two
different university scenarios and how they have been
affected during the course of the pandemic.
Comparison of CBT between the University of
Witwatersrand and the University of Venda
The study chose two universities, one in the city, and
one in a rural setup that is historically disadvantaged.
This was to get a feel of how the two universities in
these two very different environments had been
affected by the pandemic and how they each adopted
to CBT as a way of learning whilst away from
campuses. It also reveals the challenges faced by the
two universities and the various ways in which these
two were solved.
University of Witwatersrand
The University of Witwatersrand engaged in online
learning from the 20th
of April 2020 and this
continued for the rest of the year 2020, with the
exception of selected laboratory and clinical activities
for small groups of students that required students to
be physically present (Veller & Bruce, 2020;Wits
University, 2020). Post graduate students who would
need to access school facilities to carryout
experiments would be allowed in to the institution in
limited numbers through observation of COVID-19
protocols (Veller & Bruce, 2020; Wits University,
2020). In a study carried out at the University of
Witwatersrand on 160 first year and second year
psychology students, it was revealed that due to
power cuts, students sometimes experienced power
cuts which made it difficult to work from home, and
also other students expressed that lack of face to face
interaction made some courses difficult(Laher et al.,
2021).
In order to make the life of the university student
easier, students were supported through various forms
which included data provision, tutoring and
mentoring as well as through provision of counselling
services (Wits University, 2020; Laher et al., 2021).
Although there have been challenges experienced, the
university managed to complete the year 2020 largely
through Emergency Remote Teaching and Learning
(ERTL). In 2021, the country also experienced a
second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and the
institution had to continue with online learning at the
start of the academic year and all courses would be
provided through the Learning Management System
(LMS) and this would be available on student website
and also as a mobile app (Wits University,
2021b).The university acknowledged that the society
experienced inequalities and that 10%-15% of
students had no access to adequate data, appropriate
computing devises and a conducive learning
environment (Wits University, 2021b). To help make
the life of the student easier, the university
established a Mobile Computing Bank (MCB) which
enabled qualifying students with no access to
appropriate mobile learning devises to loan basic
devises from the MCB which the costs will added to
the student account or reversed if the devise is
returned in good condition at the end of the 2020
academic year (Wits University, 2021b).
University of Venda
Established in the year 1982, the University of Venda
(UNIVEN) is a historically disadvantaged institution
of higher learning located in Thohoyandou which is
an administrative centre of the pre-dominantly rural
Thulamela Municipality within Vhembe District
Municipality of the Limpopo Province of South
Africa (Francis et al., 2016). The university is
therefore located in the rural parts of the country.
Traditionally, rural lecturers have been known to
suffer from work overload, lack of educational
equipment and facilities(Kirklady, 1996). Francis et
al., (2016) supports that the poverty evident in
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Vhembe District and other areas in rural South Africa
is mainly rooted in the discriminatory policies of the
Apartheid system that was implemented prior to 1994
when the country attained its democracy. In this
regard, rural universities will be most likely to suffer
more disadvantages when it comes to effectively
adoption to online learning facilities when compared
to universities better placed in cities. It was revealed
that, some of the challenges faced by students at
UNIVEN included the lack of laptops to enable them
to learn and the inability of students to thoroughly
interpret instructions sent on the various learning
platforms such as via e-mail and WhatsApp(Bhengu,
2020). Absa Group also joined to assist some of the
most historically disadvantaged universities by
donating R5 million in the year 2020 to provide
learning devises and data for students and UNIVEN
received 100 devises which the university would
distribute on its own (Absa, 2021). This would in turn
improve the lives of students when it comes to online
learning. The article now looks at the discussion
section.
Discussion.
The article now discusses findings as found in the
case of South Africa by looking at how the country
has adopted to the new way of learning which is
largely online. It also looks at challenges and their
implications and the government and other bodies
would aim at solving these. First priority shall now be
given to the theoretical implications, then this shall be
followed by practical implications.
Theoretical Implications
The study appreciates the TAM model which
appreciates how people come to accept technology
(Urhiewhu et al., 2015)by stressing that in situations
where people are presented with new technology,
their attitude, perceived use and ease of use
determines the rate of use (Davis et al., 1996;
Urhiewhu et al., 2015). It is therefore evident from
the case of South Africa that, challenges in using
technology were experienced also due to lack of skill
on how to use ICT in both the teacher or lecturer and
the learner (Perspectives et al., 2021; Ferri et al.,
2020; Naidoo et al., 2020). This would in turn affect
the effective use of ICT for both teacher and learner
and hence, the need for training on both the part of
the part of the learner and the staff. TAM has
therefore been an effective tool by researchers and
practitioners to see the rate of acceptability of ICT
(Davis et al., 1996). In this case, the trainer or the
teacher and the students must be well equipped with
ICT skills for them to have a positive attitude towards
utilising technology in conveying lessons as well as in
learning for students.
Practical Implications
It can be noted that from the article that, South Africa
did fell prey to the COVID-19 pandemic and on the
15th
of March, the occurrence of the pandemic in the
country was marked as a national disaster (Landa et
al., 2021). Schools, universities and vocational
training centres had no option than to close as a result
of the deadly and fast-spreading nature of the
pandemic. Such developments would imply the need
for tertiary institutions to adopt to the new norm of
learning which would be largely through online
platforms (synchronous or asynchronous modes) in
order to prevent learners from lagging behind.
Unfortunately, everything was not smooth when the
national lockdown hit as evidenced by lack of access
to e-learning resources in the form of laptops and
smart phones, poorinternet connectivity, poor
geographical location for some students(Naidoo et al.,
2020). In such cases, students are not presented with
opportunities on the same platforms, and this may
result in students who are better placed in terms of
access to resources and geographical location to
benefit more than students from disadvantaged
backgrounds. In this case universities located in rural
areas such as UNIVEN suffered more when it comes
to limited access to laptops and internet, as compared
to universities in the city such as Wits. In easing the
burden on historically disadvantaged universities
Absa Africa lended a hand by donating 100 devises to
UNIVEN (Absa, 2021). This would in turn improve
the ability of students to learn via e-learning
platforms. At the University of Witwatersrand, only
10-15% of students was said to have no access to
enough data and computing devises as well as a
conducive learning environment (Wits University,
2021b), and through the establishment of the MCB
students gained access mobile learning devises
through a loaning facility (Wits University, 2021b).
This indicates the positive efforts made by more
advantaged universities in improving the lives of
students.
The article also notes that, through researches by
some scholars, some universities in South Africa
could not give students new work during the 21 day
lockdown period due to limited access to ICT devises
and the internet by some students and members of
staff (Perspectives et al., 2021), and some of the
government and the NSFAS efforts to correct this
challenge was through distribution of laptops during
lockdown (Naidoo et al., 2020). A university in
Eastern Cape Province was also noted to also offer
support by providing students data bundles and
laptops (Mukute et al., 2020). This showed great
concern by some universities, the government and the
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NSFAS to make the life of the ordinary student better,
especially those that came from poor backgrounds.
It was however noted that, the distribution of laptops
by government was one complicated and tiresome
process which in turn affected student performance in
tests and exams (Naidoo et al., 2020). This also shows
an uneven ground for students as some were greatly
affected by the occurrence of the pandemic in South
Africa the injection of the R12 billion by government
on basic and higher education to assist with online
learning(Perspectives et al., 2021), would go a long
way to assist institutions of higher learning even
during the post-COVID era as it would go a long way
in assisting institutions and students with online
resources, thus, reducing hustles associated with
shortage of ICT in institutions, and for students and
staff as well.
Apart from the training of both staff and students to
familiarise with ICT, (Laher et al., 2021) also
suggested the need to customise learning platforms as
Moodle with social media platforms such as
WhatsApp and Facebook as well as other platforms
such as Zoom, Skype and You Tube. Customising
learning to other platforms that are more familiar with
the youths would help in conveying information
much faster between the learner and the instructor of
the teacher and this would help students to keep
abreast with the current information when it comes to
learning and news updates.
In re-opening of schools as COVID-19 cases go
down, students have been encouraged to practice
social distancing, the wearing of masks and constant
sanitising (UNIVEN, 2021), whilst university staff
have been encouraged to be vaccinated since it is
believed that the disease would be less severe to those
vaccinated (UCT 2021; Wits University, 2021b;
WHO, 2021c).These moves would help universities
to open with people being more aware of stricter
measures to prevent the spread of the pandemic and
to allow more students to be accepted in university
campuses.
Conclusion and Recommendations
It can be concluded from the above article that, the
COVID-19 pandemic could be here to stay, as
evidenced by the unpredictable nature of the
pandemic and the immediate (partial or total)
lockdown measures by governments to manage the
pandemic, depending on intensity of the disease in a
country at one point or the other. It then becomes
critical for staff and students to all brace their selves
for improved ICT skills and develop a positive
attitude towards ICT so that minimal disturbances are
experienced during the peak of the pandemic when it
comes to students learning, and also to prepare (both
institutions, staff and students) them for other
unforeseen pandemics that may crop up in future. The
study therefore recommends: -
Improved ICT infrastructure in universities so that
staff becomes familiar with new technologies
which in turn makes it easier to teach students
Put in place affordable loan facilities (or include
in students fees) which enables students to at least
afford a laptop so that they also familiarize
themselves with e-learning as it will become a
basic learning requirement – in this case, the gap
between the poor and the rich students will be
minimised as everyone will then have access to a
laptop at least
There will also be need for specific data for
learning for students and this will prevent
students using the data for other purposes which
may not be academic, in turn make them available
to access online material when it comes to
learning time
Students should continue being educated about
the importance of continuing with preventative
measures such as social distancing, the wearing of
masks and constant sanitization and hand washing
so as to curb the spread of the pandemic.
There will also be need for government to invest in
infrastructure to extend bandwidth as demand for
internet would have increased, so in order to cater for
both the working class and the students, bandwidth
should be strengthened.
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