1. The document contains questions about physiology of various animals including birds, fish, and ruminants. It covers topics like blood sampling techniques, blood film analysis, rumen fermentation end products, and roles of various organs. 2. Questions test knowledge about names and functions of organs like gills, kidneys, stomach, and physiological roles of microorganisms in the rumen. 3. Blood parameters of birds and fish are discussed including differential leukocyte counts using stains like Giemsa and analysis of blood films showing various cell types.

1. EXAM
COURSE ( 257 )

2. GROUP A

3. (1) Choose the correct answer
The best technique for blood sampling in fish is ;
A . Heart puncture.
B. Cutting the fish tail ( caudal peduncle )
C. Caudal vein peduncle

4. (2 ) Complete the following sentence
• Samples used for bacterial or protozoal count
must be collected 4-8 hour post – feeding ,
while those for fungal zoospores count
be collected just after feeding

5. Heart rate in domestic fowl = 290-350 beat/min
While blood pressure = 190/150 mmHg
(3) Complete the following ;

6. (4) Name:polyplastron multivesiculatum
Physiological role:cellulolytic
,hemicellulolytic ,proteolytic&engulf bacteria

7. (5) Blood film of avian blood denote
thrombocyte , red blood cell

8. (6) Blood film of fish showing lymphocyte

9. (7) Complete the following
sentence
• Ruminal short chain volatile fatty acids
(VFAs) are acetic , propionic ,and butyric
while branched chain VFAs are valeric ,
isovaleric and isobutyric

10. (8)Name:
gill filament or gill racker
Physiological role:gas exchange , sieving feed
particles or osmoregulation

11. (9) Name: bacteroid succinogens
Physiological role: cellulolytic , amylolytic

12. (10) Name: fish testis
Physiological role: sperm production

13. (11) Blood film of avian blood
denote heterophil , red blood cells

14. (12) Choose the correct answer
• The best stain for differential leukocytes
count in teleost fish is ;
A. Leishman’s stain
B. May – Grunwald’s stain
C. Giemsa stain

15. (13) Mention the main
glucocorticoids in birds
corticosterone

16. (14 )
Mention the main two
functions of syrinx.
1-sound production
2-prevent collapse

17. ( 15 ) Complete the
following ,
This model indicates :
1-On first inhalation, air flows
through the trachea & bronchi
& primarily into the posterior
(rear) air sacs.
2-On exhalation, air moves
from the posterior air sacs &
into the lungs

18. (16) Name: zoospores
Physiological role: cellulolytic &
hemicellulolytic

19. (17) Complete the following
sentence
• Total volatile fatty acids concentration
(VFAs) is determined using microkjeldahl
apparatus,
in which ,the amount of distilled VFAs is
titrated against NaoH N/100 in the presence
of an indicator called phenolphethalene

20. (18) Name: accessory lung
Physiological role: Respiration outside
water Inflate swim bladder, bouyancy

21. • (19) What is the main function of
Recurrent bronchi
• Connect to proximal air sac
• Through which air pass in retrograde
flow To ventilate the lung

22. (20) Blood film of avian blood , denote heterophil and
red blood cell

23. (21) Complete the following
sentence
• The main site of fish thrombocytes
development is spleen while the main
hemopoetic organ in fish is anterior kidney

24. (22) Blood film of avian blood denote
monocyte & red blood cell

25. (23)Name : microkjeldahl apparatus
___ Use : measuring total volatile fatty acid conc.

26. (24) Complete the following
sentence
• About 40 – 60 % of blood glucose in ruminants is
synthesized from propionic acid , while their
essential amino acid requirement ; if not supplied
in diet , is satisfied from microbial protein

27. GROUP B

28. (1) Name: Testes
Physiological role: Sperm production

29. (2) Name: Zoospores
Physiological role: Cellulolytic , hemicellulolytic

30. (3) Complete the following text
• The main osmoregulatory structures in bony
fish are ;
• A . Gills
• B . kidney
• C . skin

31. (4) Blood film of Avian blood , denote Heterophil and red blood cell

32. (5) Name: Accessory lung
Physiological role: Respiration outside water
,Inflate swim bladder, bouyancy

33. (6) Complete the following
sentences
• Birds thyroid glands;
A . LocationAt bifurcation of common carotid and subclavian artery or
on both sides of trachea in the thoracic inlet
B . Hormone binding protein Prealbumin, albumin
• C . ( t ½ ) of birds thyroid hormones
( T3 & T4 ) are 3-9 hours , 7.5 hours

34. (7)Blood film of Fish showing Monocyte, and red blood cells

35. (8) Complete the following text
• Fermentative digestion need;
A. Ruminal microflora
B. Optimum PH or ammonia concentration

36. (9)
Mention the name of the thyroid hormones
binding protein in birds.
Prealbumin & albumin

37. (10) Name: Fish intestine
Physiological role: Absorption of water, feed substrates

38. (11) Name: Polyplastron Multivesiculatum
Physiological role:Cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic,
_ proteolytic, engulf bacteria

39. ( 12 ) Complete the
following ,
This model indicates :
1-On first inhalation, air flows
through the trachea & bronchi &
primarily into the posterior
(rear) air sacs.
2-On exhalation, air moves from
the posterior air sacs & into the
lungs

40. (13) Name: Microkjeldahl apparatus
Physiological role: measuring Total volatile fatty acids

41. (14) Blood film of Avian blood , denote
thrombocyte , and red blood cell

42. (15)
Mention two main
functions only
Air sacs
aerates bones, thus
lighten birds during flight
ventilate the lungs

43. (16) Blood film of Avian blood denote
Eosinophil & red blood cell

44. ( 17 )What are the main functions of ;
I - Oral sac : stores food, display organ during
breeding
II - Crop : crop milk, stores food

45. (18) Name: Bacteroid succinogens
Physiological role: Cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic,
amylolytic

46. (19) Complete the following
sentence
• Ruminal PH is estimated using PH meter ;
and the normal ruminal PH required for
maximal ruminal activity is 6-8

47. (20) Blood film of Fish showing lymphocyte

48. (21) Complete the following
sentence
• About 40 – 60 % of blood glucose in ruminants
is synthesized from Propionic acid,while their
essential amino acid requirement ;if not
supplied in diet , is satisfied from Microbial
protein

49. (22) Name:
oesophagus

50. ( 23 ) Name: Selenomonas ruminatium
Physiological role: Cellulolytic, little
proteolytic

51. ( 24 ) Mention the Post Ovulatory
Follicle Functions
Secretes progesterone and prostaglandins
which affect oviposition
Important for nesting behavior
Its excision, delay oviposition and
abnormal laying time

52. GROUP C

53. (1) Complete the following text
• The end products of ruminal
fermentation are;
• A. Volatile fatty acids
• B. Microbial protein
• C. gases

54. (2) Name: Gill racker or gill filaments
Physiological role: Sieving feed particles
_ or gas exchange or osmoregulation

55. (3) Complete the following
sentence
• The microorganisms inhabiting ruminal
digestive tract are Protozoa, bacteria and fungi their
main roles in ruminant digestion are Microbial
protein synthesis, production of volatile fatty acids as a
source of energy and glucose and maintaining optimal
ruminal conditions

56. (4) Blood film of Avian blood denote
eosinophil & red blood cell

57. (5) Name: accessory lung
Physiological role: Respiration outside water
_ Inflate swim bladder to enable bouyancy

58. (6) Name: Selenomonas ruminantium
Physiological role: Cellulolytic, little proteolytic

59. (7) Complete the following
sentences
• Birds thyroid glands;
A . Location At biforcation of common carotid and
subclavian artery or on both sides of trachea in the
thoracic inlet
B . Hormone binding protein Prealbumin and
albumin
• C . ( t ½ ) of birds thyroid hormones
( T3 & T4 ) are 3-9 hours , 7.5 hours

60. (8) Choose the correct answer
The best technique for blood sampling in fish is ;
A . Heart puncture.
B. Cutting the fish tail ( caudal peduncle )
C. Caudal vein peduncle

61. ( 9 )Blood film of Avian blood , denote heterophil and red blood
cell

62. (10) Complete the following
sentence
• The main site of fish thrombocytes
development is spleen while the main
hemopoetic organ in fish is Kidney

63. ( 11 ) Complete the
following ,
This model indicates;
1-With the second
inhalation, air moves
from the lungs & into
the anterior (front) air
sacs
2-With the second
exhalation, air moves
from the anterior air
sacs back into the
trachea & out.

64. (12) Complete the following
sentence
• Ruminal PH is estimated using PH meter ;
and the normal ruminal PH required for
maximal ruminal activity is 6-8

65. (13)
Mention the main two
functions of syrinx.
1- Sound production
2- Acts as a valve to
prevent the collapse of the
gas exchange tissue
during expiration

66. (14) Blood film of Avian blood denote
Heterophil & red blood cell

67. (15) Complete the following
sentence
• About 40 – 60 % of blood glucose in ruminants
is synthesized from Propionic acid,while their
essential amino acid requirement ;if not
supplied in diet , is satisfied from Microbial
protein

68. (16 ) Name: Fish ovary
Physiological role: Ova production

69. ( 17 ) Name: Zoospores
Physiological role:Cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic,
_ pectinolytic, amylolytic

70. (18)
Mention the main glucocortecoids in
birds
Corticosterone

71. (19) Blood film of fish showing monocyte, and
red blood cells

72. (20) Blood film of Avian blood
denote monocyte & red blood cell

73. ( 21 ) Why are bird feces
white?
Due to presence of uric acid
(urates)

74. (22) Name: Polyplastron multivesiculatum
Physiological role: Cellulolytic, amylolytic,
_ proteolytic, engulf bacteria

75. (23 ) Mention the Post Ovulatory
Follicle Functions ?
Secretes progesterone and prostaglandins and
thus affect oviposition
Essential for nesting behavior
Its excition delays laying and oviposition

76. (24) Name: Stomach
Physiological role:
_ Digestion of feed

77. GROUP D

78. ( 1 )What are the main functions of ;
I - Oral sac : stores food, display organ during
breeding
II - Crop : crop milk and stores feed

79. (2) Complete the following
sentence
• Total volatile fatty acids concentration
(VFAs) is determined using Microkjeldahl
apparatus, in which ,the amount of distilled
VFAs is titrated against NaoH N/100 in the
presence of an indicator called
phenolphethalene

80. (3) Blood film of Avian blood
denote heterophil & red blood
cell

81. (4) Complete the following text
• Capacity of ruminant stomach;
A. In sheep is 5 litres
B. In large ruminant is 150-250 litres

82. (5) Blood film of Avian blood
denote Esinophil , red blood cell

83. (6) Complete the following text
• Ruminal total volatile fatty acids concentration
is affected by;
• A. Diet type: more concentrates increase TVFAs, Diet
treatment
• B. Salivary secretion
• C. Ruminal epithelium volatile fatty acid metabolism

84. (7) Complete the following text
• The main osmoregulatory organs in bony fish
are ;
• A. Gills
• B. Kidney
• C. skin

85. (8) Complete the following
sentence
• About 40 – 60 % of blood glucose in ruminants
is synthesized from Propionic acid,while their
essential amino acid requirement ;if not
supplied in diet , is satisfied from Microbial
protein

86. ( 9 ) What is Clutch Size?
Clutch size is the number of eggs laid in a
single nesting(The number of eggs in a set
laid by a female bird tends to vary) .young
birds have few eggs withen the clutch,
while in older birds the clutch size is
larger.

87. (10)Name: Accessory lung
Physiological role:Enable fish to respire atmospheric air
_ Inflate swim bladder for fish bouyancy

88. (11)
Mention two main
functions only
1- Air sacs aerates
bone thus lighten
birds during flying
2- Ventilate lungs

89. (12)Name : Microkjeldahl apparatus
Use : Total volatile fatty acid estimation

90. ( 13 ) Complete the following ,
This model indicates,
1- With the second inhalation,
air moves from the lungs &
into the anterior (front) air
sacs
2- With the second exhalation,
air moves from the anterior air
sacs back into the trachea &
out.

91. (14) Choose the correct answer
• The best stain for differential leukocytes
count in teleost fish is ;
A. Leishman’s stain
B. May – Grunwald’s stain
C. Giemsa stain

92. Heart rate in domestic fowl = 290-350 beat/min
While blood pressure = 190/150 or 160/140 mmHg
(15) Complete the following ;

93. (16 ) Name: Fish ovary
Physiological role: Ova production

94. (17) Name: Selenomonas ruminintium
Physiological role: Cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic,
_ little proteolytic

95. (18) Blood film of Avian blood
denote Monocyte & red blood cell

96. (19) Name: Gill filaments or gill racker
Physiological role: Gas exchange or sieve feed particles

97. (20)
Mention the main two functions
1- Sound production
2- Act as a valve to prevent the
collapse of the gas exchange
tissue during expiration

98. (21) Blood film of Fish showing lymphocyte &
red blood cell

99. (22) Name: Polyplastron multivesiculatum
Physiological role: Cellulolytic,amylolytic,
_ proteolytic, engulf bacteria

100. (23) Name: stomach
Physiological role:
digestion of food

101. (24) Name: Bacteroid succinogens
Physiological role: Cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic,
_ amylolytic

102. EXAM
COURSE ( 257 )

103. GROUP E

104. (1) Blood film of Avian blood denote
thrombocyte , red blood cell

105. Heart rate in domestic fowl = 290 – 350 beat/min
While blood pressure = 190/150 mmHg
(2) Complete the following ;

106. (3) Blood film of Avian blood
denote Esinophil , red blood cell

107. (4) Mention the main glucocorticoids
in birds
corticosterone

108. (5 )
Mention the main two functions
Syrinx :
1- sound production
2- act as a vulve to prevent the
collapse of gas exchange tissue
during expiration

109. (6) Blood film of Avian blood , denote heterophil
and red blood cell

110. • (7) What is the main function of
Recurrent bronchi ?
• 1- connect to proximal air sac
• 2- through which air pass in retrograde flow
to ventilate lung

111. (8) Blood film of Avian blood denote
monocyte & red blood cell

112. (9)Name : microkjeldahl apparatus
Use : total volatile fatty acid estimation

113. (10) Complete the following
sentence
• About 40 – 60 % of blood glucose in
ruminants is synthesized from propionic acid,
while their essential amino acid
requirement ; if not supplied in diet , is
satisfied from microbial protein

114. (11) Complete the following
sentence
• Total volatile fatty acids concentration
(VFAs) is determined using microkjeldahl
apparatus,
in which ,the amount of distilled VFAs
is titrated against NaoH N/100 in the
presence of an indicator called
phenolphethalene

115. (12) Name: zoospores
Physiological role: cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic,
_ pectinolytic & amylolytic

116. (13) Name: bacteriod succinogens
Physiological role: cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic
_ & amylolytic

117. (14) Complete the following
sentence
• Ruminal short chain volatile fatty
acids (VFAs) are acetic , propionic
and butyric while branched chain
VFAs are valeric , isovaleric and
isobutyric

118. (15 ) Complete the following
sentence
• Samples used for bacterial or protozoal count
must be collected 4-8 hour post – feeding ,
while those for fungal zoospores count
be collected just after feeding

119. (16) Complete the following
sentence
• Ruminal PH is estimated using PH meter
and the normal ruminal PH required
for
maximal ruminal activity is 6-8

120. (17) Choose the correct
answer
The best technique for blood sampling in
fish is ;
A . Heart puncture.
B. Cutting the fish tail ( caudal peduncle )
C. Caudal vein peduncle

121. (18) Blood film of fish showing lymphocyte
& red blood cell

122. (19) Name: gill filament or gill racker
Physiological role: gas exchange ,sieving feed particles
_ & osmoregulation

123. (20) Name: fish testis
Physiological role: sperm production

124. (21) Choose the correct
answer
• The best stain for differential
leukocytes count in teleost fish is ;
A. Leishman’s stain
B. May – Grunwald’s stain
C. Giemsa stain

125. (22) Name: accessory lung
Physiological role: respiration outside
_water & inflate swim bladder to enable bouyancy

126. (23) Complete the following
sentence
• The main site of fish thrombocytes
development is spleen while the main
hemopoetic organ in fish is anterior
kideny

127. (24) Blood film of fish showing monocyte, and
red blood cell

128. GROUP G

129. (1) Name: bacteriod succinogens
Physiological role: cellulolytic ,hemicellulolytic
_ & amylolytic

130. (2) Complete the following
text
• Fermentative digestion need;
A. Ruminal microflora
B. Optimum PH or amonia concentration

131. (3) Name: zoospores
Physiological role:cellulolytic ,hemicellulolytic
_ ,pectinolytic & amylolytic

132. (4) Complete the following
sentence
• Ruminal PH is estimated using PH meter
and the normal ruminal PH required
for maximal ruminal activity is 6-8

133. (5) Complete the following
sentence
• About 40 – 60 % of blood glucose in
ruminants is synthesized from propionic acid,
while their essential amino acid
requirement ; if not supplied in diet , is
satisfied from microbial protein

134. (6) Complete the following
sentence
• Total volatile fatty acids concentration
(VFAs) is determined using microkjeldahl
apparatus,
in which ,the amount of distilled VFAs
is titrated against NaoH N/100 in the
presence of an indicator called
phenolphethaline

135. (7) Complete the following
sentence
• Ruminal short chain volatile fatty
acids (VFAs) are acetic , propionic and
butyric while branched chain VFAs
are valeric , isovaleric ,and isobutyric

136. (8) Name: selenomonas ruminatium
Physiological role: cellulolytic ,hemicellulolytic
_ & little proteolytic

137. (9)
Mention the name of the thyroid hormones
binding protein in birds.
Prealbumin & albumin

138. ( 10) Complete the following ,
This model indicates :
1-on first inhalation ,air flows
through trachea ,bronchi &
primarily into the posterior (rear) air
sacs
2-on first exhalation air moves from
the posterior air sacs & go into the
lung

139. (11) Blood film of Avian blood
denote Esinophil & red blood cell

140. (12)
Mention two main
functions only
Air sacs :
1-aerates bones , thus
lighten birds during
flight
2-ventilate the lung

141. (13) Blood film of Avian blood , denote
thrombocyte , and red blood cell

142. (14 ) Mention the Post
Ovulatory Follicle Functions
1- secrets progesterone &
prostaglandins which affect
oviposition
2- important for nesting behaviour
3- in excition delays laying &
oviposition

143. (15) Blood film of Avian blood
denote monocyte & red blood cell

144. (16) Blood film of Avian blood
denote heterophil & red blood cell

145. (17) Name: gill filament or gill racker
Physiological role: gas exchange ,sieving feed particles
_ & osmoregulation

146. (18) Blood film of Avian showing monocyte, and
red blood cell

147. (19) Name: accessory lung
Physiological role: respiration outside water
_ ,inflate swim bladder to enable bouyany

148. (20) Complete the following
text
• The main osmoregulatory structures in
bony fish are ;
• A . gills
• B . kideny
• C . skin

149. (24) Name: gill filament or gill racker
Physiological role : gas exchange ,sieving of feed particles _
_ & osmoregulation

150. (22) Complete the following
sentence
• The main site of fish thrombocytes
development is spleen while the main
hemopoetic organ in fish is anterior
kidney

151. (23 ) Name: fish ovary
Physiological role: ova production

152. (24) Blood film of fish showing lymphocyte