The document provides information on how to write comparison and contrast paragraphs, including defining key terms like similar, similarly, and difference. It offers examples of language to structure topic sentences and comparisons, such as "while/whereas", "in comparison to", and "on the other hand". Phrases are presented to signal similarities like "just like" and differences like "differ in that".

1. Compare & Contast ParagraphCompare & Contast Paragraphss
created by Elif Alagoz, reviewed by Materials Office Spring 2012created by Elif Alagoz, reviewed by Materials Office Spring 2012

2. Comparison paragraphComparison paragraph

3. similar (adj.)similar (adj.)
similarly (adv.),similarly (adv.), similarity (n.)similarity (n.)
• New York and Tokyo are similar to each other in several aspects.
• New York and Tokyo are similar in that they are both densely populated.
• The streets in New York are similar to the ones in Tokyo.
• The financial system in New York is similar to the one in Tokyo.

4. similarlysimilarly (adv.)(adv.)
similar (adj.), similarity (n.)similar (adj.), similarity (n.)
 Similarly: (likewise)Similarly: (likewise)
• Tokyo is the financial heart of Japan. Similarly, New York is
the centre of banking in the United States.
• Revising new vocabulary will help you improve your English.
Similarly, reading is necessary for a good knowledge of English
as a second language.

5. similar (adj.), similarlysimilar (adj.), similarly (adv.)(adv.),,
similarity (n.)similarity (n.)
 SimilaritySimilarity: (n.): (n.)
 There are several similaritiesThere are several similarities betweenbetween X and Y.X and Y.
There are some striking similarities between New
York and Tokyo in terms of their infrastructure and
business purposes.

6. like (just like)like (just like)
 Like (just like = just as):Like (just like = just as):
 Like X, Y is....Like X, Y is....
 Y is..... like X.Y is..... like X.
Like Tokyo, New York is densely populated.
New York is densely poplulated (just) like Tokyo.
New York is densely populated just as Tokyo is.
New York has traffic problems just as Tokyo does.

7. the same as, equallythe same as, equally
 the same as:the same as:
The subway system in New York is the same as the
one in Tokyo.
equally (+ adjective):
Tokyo and New York are equally noisy.

8. also, tooalso, too
 also:also:
Tokyo is the financial heart of Japan.
 Also, New York is an important centre of finance.
 New Yok is also an important centre of finance.
 New Yok is an important centre of finance also.
 too:too:
 Tokyo is an important centre of finance and New York is too.

9. CoContrastntrast paragraphparagraph
 Topic Sentences:Topic Sentences:
 X and YX and Y areare differentdifferent in several ways.in several ways.
havehave some important differences.some important differences.
 ThereThere areare some significant differencessome significant differences
between X and Y.between X and Y.

10. differ (v.), different (adj.),differ (v.), different (adj.),
difference (n.)difference (n.)
 Differ (+ in that):Differ (+ in that):
 Istanbul and Beyoba differ in that the former is a big city
while the latter is a small village.
 Different (+in terms of):Different (+in terms of):
 Istanbul is very different from Beyoba in terms of
population.
 Difference (+between):
 There is a big difference between Istanbul and Beyoba.

11. while/whereaswhile/whereas
While New York is known for finance and business,
Boston is known for its universities.
New York is a financial center while/whereas
Boston is an educational center.
While San Francisco is very hilly, Miami is flat.
San Francisco has a lot of Asian immigrants,
whereas Miami’s immigrants are mostly Hispanic.

12. in comparisonin comparison with,with,
comparedcompared toto
 In comparison with car prices in most EuropeanIn comparison with car prices in most European
countries, those in the UK are very high.countries, those in the UK are very high.
 Compared to Istanbul, Beyoba is very peaceful.Compared to Istanbul, Beyoba is very peaceful.

13. On the other handOn the other hand
 Adults have a lot of responsibilities in life. On theAdults have a lot of responsibilities in life. On the
other hand, children are relatively carefree.other hand, children are relatively carefree.
 I really want to go to Paris! On the other hand, II really want to go to Paris! On the other hand, I
should save my money for university expenses.should save my money for university expenses.

14. compare the two productscompare the two products
(or ads)(or ads)

15. exciting, new, popularexciting, new, popular
among teenagersamong teenagers
rafting sphering

16. popular serials/ watched a lotpopular serials/ watched a lot

17. Ming / SueMing / Sue

18. holiday in Uludağ/holiday in Uludağ/
holiday in Kapadokholiday in Kapadokyyaa

19. watching a match at home/watching a match at home/
going to a stadiumgoing to a stadium

20. Ford / BMWFord / BMW

21. magazinesmagazines

22. pizza/kokoreçpizza/kokoreç

23. Transformers/ P.S.I love youTransformers/ P.S.I love you