Altho a good number of municipalities in Europe, Canada and other parts of the USA have implemented utility-scale community wind projects, these types of projects do not exist in the SF Bay Area. This presentation story covers some basic wind energy concepts, offers Green Gone Wrong and Green Gone Right case studies, and highlights potential community wind energy project opportunities in the SF Bay Area.
Single Occupancy Tiny Dwelling Equipped with Renewable Energy Systems Technol...Kimberly L. King
Prior to the occurrence of a natural disaster, it has been demonstrated time and time again the citizens of the USA think little about the reliability and importance of uninterruptible power, sanitation, clean water or food access, until it’s not there.
This offering provides energy, ecological sanitation, water management, and food security opportunities—Everyday brilliance for disaster resilience. PREPARE. RESPOND. ADAPT
Single Occupancy Tiny Dwelling Equipped w/Renewable Energy Systems Technologi...Kimberly L. King
The REST in Urban Agriculture + S.E.E.C. Home opportunity
can support citizenry that would like to become tiny
dwelling inhabitants, where the tiny dwellings/homes are
located on vacant lots.
This offering can provide these stakeholders with
resilient, reliable and innovative, sustainably developed
urban adaptation planning and implementation services
including renewable energy systems technologies (REST),
ecological sanitation (eco-san) dry compost toilet systems,
water-resource management, and hyper-intense/biointense
urban farming opportunities.
Community Wind -- It's Needed In the SF Bay Area Kimberly L. King
Altho a good number of municipalities in Europe, Canada and other parts of the USA have implemented utility-scale community wind projects, these types of projects do not exist in the SF Bay Area. This presentation story covers some basic wind energy concepts, offers Green Gone Wrong and Green Gone Right case studies, and highlights potential community wind energy project opportunities in the SF Bay Area.
Single Occupancy Tiny Dwelling Equipped with Renewable Energy Systems Technol...Kimberly L. King
This proposal from Out Think The Box requests funding for a project to install a single occupancy tiny dwelling equipped with renewable energy and eco-sanitation systems on a vacant lot. The proposal outlines 4 steps for the project: 1) researching potential sites, 2) selecting a site and dwelling design, 3) installing the dwelling and support systems, and 4) analyzing the system performance over 12 months. The proposal provides details on two potential dwelling designs and notes Out Think The Box's expertise in renewable energy, sanitation, and urban agriculture to implement the project. The goals are to demonstrate off-grid living capabilities for emergency preparedness and long-term benefits.
Community Compost Toilet System (IAPMO WE·Stand Model)Kimberly L. King
Safely reducing the volume of municipal sewage sludge typically sent for processing by sewer avoidance via separation at the source/on-site remediation of humanure using compost toilets with urine diversion AKA humus (top soil) factories. This schema uses the 2017 IAPMO WE-Stand Guidance rubric. Ultimately, a rich resource is generated that can be used as a soil amendment to grow food by tiny house stewards managing hyper-intense farming on tax-defaulted, urban lots.
Conducted over four years, performance of a humanure batch compost processor, clearly demonstrates that high temperatures were reliably achieved with subsequent pathogen elimination to acceptable levels prior to distribution of high quality humus to the local garden environment. Additionally, urine diversion has also allowed the community to reclaim nitrogen and other nutrients otherwise lost in conventional sewage systems. The system has resulted in large savings of potable water, and significant carbon sequestration.
A home that is inSTEAD of homelessness, takes stress off the municipality infrastructure by implementing RESTs (renewable energy systems technologies), atmospheric water generators, and eco-sanitary/thermophilic compost dry toilet systems to support hyper-intense urban farms, and urban agriculture. This provides a STEADfast alternative to the streets, giving people someplace STEADy in the middle of disaster, or Everyday Brilliance for Disaster Resilience. PREPARE. RESPOND. ADAPT.
Sanitary Compost Preparedness, Response & Service OpportunityKimberly L. King
An alternative system to municipal waste water treatment. This system design reduces the need to access municipal water, sewer, and electrical infrastructure, enhancing emergency preparedness. It conserves an otherwise wasted nutrient flow, and safely produces a valuable compost.
[Sept 2015] Atmospheric Water Generation for Aquatics FacilitiesKimberly L. King
Due to the exceptional drought conditions in California, facilities managers are taking action to reduce the stress on municipal water infrastructure. The infrastructure at the University of California Spieker Aquatics Center is slated for an upgrade. If the geographical predisposition is favorable, implementation of an atmospheric water generator schema can provide redundancy, and resiliency AKA everyday brilliance for disaster resilience.
Single Occupancy Tiny Dwelling Equipped with Renewable Energy Systems Technol...Kimberly L. King
Prior to the occurrence of a natural disaster, it has been demonstrated time and time again the citizens of the USA think little about the reliability and importance of uninterruptible power, sanitation, clean water or food access, until it’s not there.
This offering provides energy, ecological sanitation, water management, and food security opportunities—Everyday brilliance for disaster resilience. PREPARE. RESPOND. ADAPT
Single Occupancy Tiny Dwelling Equipped w/Renewable Energy Systems Technologi...Kimberly L. King
The REST in Urban Agriculture + S.E.E.C. Home opportunity
can support citizenry that would like to become tiny
dwelling inhabitants, where the tiny dwellings/homes are
located on vacant lots.
This offering can provide these stakeholders with
resilient, reliable and innovative, sustainably developed
urban adaptation planning and implementation services
including renewable energy systems technologies (REST),
ecological sanitation (eco-san) dry compost toilet systems,
water-resource management, and hyper-intense/biointense
urban farming opportunities.
Community Wind -- It's Needed In the SF Bay Area Kimberly L. King
Altho a good number of municipalities in Europe, Canada and other parts of the USA have implemented utility-scale community wind projects, these types of projects do not exist in the SF Bay Area. This presentation story covers some basic wind energy concepts, offers Green Gone Wrong and Green Gone Right case studies, and highlights potential community wind energy project opportunities in the SF Bay Area.
Single Occupancy Tiny Dwelling Equipped with Renewable Energy Systems Technol...Kimberly L. King
This proposal from Out Think The Box requests funding for a project to install a single occupancy tiny dwelling equipped with renewable energy and eco-sanitation systems on a vacant lot. The proposal outlines 4 steps for the project: 1) researching potential sites, 2) selecting a site and dwelling design, 3) installing the dwelling and support systems, and 4) analyzing the system performance over 12 months. The proposal provides details on two potential dwelling designs and notes Out Think The Box's expertise in renewable energy, sanitation, and urban agriculture to implement the project. The goals are to demonstrate off-grid living capabilities for emergency preparedness and long-term benefits.
Community Compost Toilet System (IAPMO WE·Stand Model)Kimberly L. King
Safely reducing the volume of municipal sewage sludge typically sent for processing by sewer avoidance via separation at the source/on-site remediation of humanure using compost toilets with urine diversion AKA humus (top soil) factories. This schema uses the 2017 IAPMO WE-Stand Guidance rubric. Ultimately, a rich resource is generated that can be used as a soil amendment to grow food by tiny house stewards managing hyper-intense farming on tax-defaulted, urban lots.
Conducted over four years, performance of a humanure batch compost processor, clearly demonstrates that high temperatures were reliably achieved with subsequent pathogen elimination to acceptable levels prior to distribution of high quality humus to the local garden environment. Additionally, urine diversion has also allowed the community to reclaim nitrogen and other nutrients otherwise lost in conventional sewage systems. The system has resulted in large savings of potable water, and significant carbon sequestration.
A home that is inSTEAD of homelessness, takes stress off the municipality infrastructure by implementing RESTs (renewable energy systems technologies), atmospheric water generators, and eco-sanitary/thermophilic compost dry toilet systems to support hyper-intense urban farms, and urban agriculture. This provides a STEADfast alternative to the streets, giving people someplace STEADy in the middle of disaster, or Everyday Brilliance for Disaster Resilience. PREPARE. RESPOND. ADAPT.
Sanitary Compost Preparedness, Response & Service OpportunityKimberly L. King
An alternative system to municipal waste water treatment. This system design reduces the need to access municipal water, sewer, and electrical infrastructure, enhancing emergency preparedness. It conserves an otherwise wasted nutrient flow, and safely produces a valuable compost.
[Sept 2015] Atmospheric Water Generation for Aquatics FacilitiesKimberly L. King
Due to the exceptional drought conditions in California, facilities managers are taking action to reduce the stress on municipal water infrastructure. The infrastructure at the University of California Spieker Aquatics Center is slated for an upgrade. If the geographical predisposition is favorable, implementation of an atmospheric water generator schema can provide redundancy, and resiliency AKA everyday brilliance for disaster resilience.
Reframed Tech Series: Solar panels & deep retrofitsPembina Institute
The Pembina Institute presents the Reframed Tech Series — webinars on evolving deep retrofit solutions.
Watch our fourth webinar to hear from leaders in integrating solar panels into deep retrofit solutions. Learn about solar costing and projects underway, and ask burning questions about the opportunities and challenges of bundling photovoltaic systems with retrofit packages.
https://pembina.org/ReframedTechSeries
Impacts of Sustainable Design - Quentin TorbertQuin T
This is a case study I did on ECO Modern Flats, a multifamily redevelopment project in Arkansas. Using sustainable features, the project is a perfect example of green retrofitting.
This document discusses sustainable architecture, including both preservation of existing buildings and new green construction. It provides examples of sustainable architecture projects around the world and in Hawaii, highlighting their use of renewable materials and energy sources, passive solar design, and other green building strategies. Specifically in Hawaii, it outlines features of the Natural Energy Lab of Hawaii and West Hawaii Civic Center that demonstrate sustainable design principles in research and government buildings.
Green building aims to create energy-efficient, healthy buildings with minimal environmental impact. There is a global push by governments and organizations to improve sustainability and livability through green building. Green buildings provide cost benefits like reduced operating costs and incentives, and have competitive advantages. Standards like LEED rate buildings on sustainability factors like energy use, materials, and indoor environmental quality. The presentation discusses green building strategies, technologies, benefits and certification systems.
The Pembina Institute presents the Reframed Tech Series — webinars on evolving deep retrofit solutions.
Join our second webinar to hear from leaders in heat pump retrofit solutions. Learn about projects underway and ask burning questions about challenges unique to retrofitting heating systems.
https://pembina.org/ReframedTechSeries
Green building aims to reduce environmental impact and improve occupant health. It incorporates features like energy and water efficiency, better materials, waste management, and indoor air quality. Converting an existing building to green involves adopting green practices during renovation like renewable energy, non-potable water usage, and low-VOC materials. Imperial Heritage is analyzing cost-effective green upgrades like fly ash bricks, double glazing, and rooftop gardens. Certification provides recognition and long-term cost savings through reduced utility bills and maintenance needs.
St. Paul Fire Station Green Roof Intrpretive Center and Garden ClassroomLoren Abraham
This presentation provides details of the design and construction of the St. Paul Fire Station Green Roof Interpretive Center and Garden Classroom completed in 2010. This green roof was part of a 58,000 sf firestation and fire department headquarters building for the city of St. Paul, Minnesota. The green roof was designed by Abraham + Associates Architecture and Planning, who was also the sustainable design and LEED consultant on the Fire Station Project. The building itself was designed by CDG, Inc. A Minneapolis Architectural Firm. The Construction Manager for the project was CPMI, Inc. and the project was certified LEED Silver, as requested by the City of St. Paul. The Project Manager for the city was David Nelson.
Green Aesthetic 21st Century Architecturegcecs2009
This document provides a summary of a presentation on green aesthetics in 21st century architecture. The presentation discusses green feasibility strategies and how sustainable design, resource efficiency, beauty, and other factors relate in the thesis equation for good design. Several case studies of green buildings are presented. The presentation emphasizes history and green principles, and discusses problems that can inspire solutions. It promotes sustainability as an ongoing journey rather than a destination.
Marc J. Harary - Sustainability Presentation for High SchoolsMarc J. Harary
1. The document discusses a presentation on green and sustainable architecture. It defines architecture and green architecture, and provides examples of green building design principles.
2. Green building rating systems like LEED are discussed, which certify buildings as sustainable by earning points across categories like energy use, water efficiency, and indoor air quality.
3. A case study of the Lehman New Science Facility is presented, which achieved LEED Platinum certification, the highest level under the LEED rating system.
Join us as Finegold Alexander presents the study for the Lowell Trial Court, a 250,000 SF state courthouse designated by Gov. Patrick’s Zero Net Energy Building Task Force as one of three public demonstration projects addressing the challenge of designing public buildings to high sustainability standards.
The engineering components of the study involved proposals for energy reduction and on-site production, investigated through a multitude of computer models and cost-to-benefits charts and analysis. Architecture and architects must change. Architectural form is a critical element in achieving any sustainable goals, including zero net energy. This session will look at the Lowell Trial Court design process and the iterative schemes the team produced. We will discuss building massing, orientation, urban context and all the elements we always address in every project. Now we find our attitudes toward these traditional design criteria are influenced by the integration of sustainable design. Design for zero net energy caused this team to think and collaborate differently with consultants, client and user groups.
This presentation is a basic introduction to the concepts underlying carbon neutral design. It looks at a LEED Platinum building that is also a carbon neutral building for some ideas as to how to achieve this goal.
A joint presentation between myself and John Andary from Stantec. Covers the the process and strategies used to get this 218,000 SF office building on the NREL campus to net zero energy.
In this presentation focus is on definition of Zero Energy Buildings and Net Zero Energy Buildings. Also different aspects of developing Zero Energy Buildings, their advantages and disadvantages have been discussed.
* All the content is not mine. I have collected the data through different places on the net and books.
Green technology aims to conserve natural resources and reduce environmental impacts. It became important in the 1990s as computing grew and witnessed regulatory milestones. Green technology incorporates the 7 R's: reduce, reuse, recycle, recover, redesign, re-manufacture, and re-market. Examples include wind turbines at the Bahrain World Trade Center and solar panels at Manchester's CIS Tower. Companies adopt green practices due to customer demand and to address climate change. Green building uses energy, water and materials efficiently. Individuals can contribute by using renewable energy sources, conserving resources, and recycling materials. Major green energy companies in India include Suzlon Energy and Orient Green Power.
Engineered Wood Sustainability And Green Building Practices Slide Showdonaldsimon
This document discusses engineered wood products, sustainability, and green building practices. It defines key sustainability concepts and compares various construction materials. It also reviews several green building programs and rating systems, such as LEED and NAHB, and their criteria for evaluating materials. The document emphasizes that wood products can provide benefits for resource efficiency, energy efficiency, and the environment when used appropriately in construction.
These drawings are University of Texas graduate student work in the second CRI Think Tank charrette and set for ideas and challenges for green system integration for CCR, ideas on the learning environments in the CCR and the impacts of a "net zero" LEED platinum building on downtown Shreveport, Louisiana
Green building refers to structures and processes that are environmentally responsible and efficient in their use of resources throughout the building's lifecycle. The goals of green building are to reduce, reuse, recycle, and refuse resources. Some key principles are optimizing the structure's efficiency, as well as energy, water, materials, and waste reduction. The benefits of green building include environmental protections, cost savings, and improved social outcomes like health and quality of life. Challenges include growing waste and costs, while impacts on natural resources include development of land and energy usage.
The document provides information about the ITC Green Centre in Gurgaon, India, which was the first building in India to receive LEED Platinum certification. Some key points:
- The building uses various sustainable design features and technologies to reduce its environmental impact, saving over 50% on projected energy costs.
- Examples include use of local and recycled materials, rainwater harvesting, green roofing, solar power, and efficient water and energy systems.
- Its "L" shape and central atrium promote natural light and ventilation to reduce energy needs.
The document provides information about the Energy Research Institute (TERI) in Bangalore, India. It discusses the location, climate, introduction, orientation, and various passive design strategies used in the building. The building is oriented along an east-west axis with the northern side open to take advantage of glare-free light. Passive strategies include a double cavity wall on the south side for insulation, an atrium space with skylights to bring in natural light, and an earth air tunnel system for passive cooling and heating. The design aims to minimize energy usage through various architectural and passive design elements that respond to the local climate and environment.
Gambit Energy Storage Park Power ppt for Town Hall mtg 10102019.pdfSyedFurqanRafique
The document summarizes a town hall meeting held by Plus Power to discuss their proposed "Gambit" Energy Storage Park project in Angleton, TX. The meeting covered Plus Power's background and experience developing energy storage projects, the need for energy storage in ERCOT due to aging generation and increasing renewable energy, and the proposed project details including site layout, visual and sound impacts, benefits to the community, and safety measures. The technology was explained through examples of Plus Power's operating projects using lithium-ion batteries in shipping containers.
This document provides an overview of wind energy and the wind industry in Quebec and Canada. It discusses the basics of how wind is generated and how that kinetic energy is captured by wind turbines to generate electricity. It describes the major components of modern wind turbines, including foundations, towers, nacelles, rotors, and hubs. The document outlines how wind farms are constructed and how the electricity is integrated into the grid. It also addresses the intermittency of wind and how geographical dispersion of turbines can help reduce variability. The document reviews environmental permitting requirements and potential impacts of wind projects as well as life cycle analyses. It provides details on the Vents du Kempt wind farm project in Quebec and discusses future plans for wind development in
Reframed Tech Series: Solar panels & deep retrofitsPembina Institute
The Pembina Institute presents the Reframed Tech Series — webinars on evolving deep retrofit solutions.
Watch our fourth webinar to hear from leaders in integrating solar panels into deep retrofit solutions. Learn about solar costing and projects underway, and ask burning questions about the opportunities and challenges of bundling photovoltaic systems with retrofit packages.
https://pembina.org/ReframedTechSeries
Impacts of Sustainable Design - Quentin TorbertQuin T
This is a case study I did on ECO Modern Flats, a multifamily redevelopment project in Arkansas. Using sustainable features, the project is a perfect example of green retrofitting.
This document discusses sustainable architecture, including both preservation of existing buildings and new green construction. It provides examples of sustainable architecture projects around the world and in Hawaii, highlighting their use of renewable materials and energy sources, passive solar design, and other green building strategies. Specifically in Hawaii, it outlines features of the Natural Energy Lab of Hawaii and West Hawaii Civic Center that demonstrate sustainable design principles in research and government buildings.
Green building aims to create energy-efficient, healthy buildings with minimal environmental impact. There is a global push by governments and organizations to improve sustainability and livability through green building. Green buildings provide cost benefits like reduced operating costs and incentives, and have competitive advantages. Standards like LEED rate buildings on sustainability factors like energy use, materials, and indoor environmental quality. The presentation discusses green building strategies, technologies, benefits and certification systems.
The Pembina Institute presents the Reframed Tech Series — webinars on evolving deep retrofit solutions.
Join our second webinar to hear from leaders in heat pump retrofit solutions. Learn about projects underway and ask burning questions about challenges unique to retrofitting heating systems.
https://pembina.org/ReframedTechSeries
Green building aims to reduce environmental impact and improve occupant health. It incorporates features like energy and water efficiency, better materials, waste management, and indoor air quality. Converting an existing building to green involves adopting green practices during renovation like renewable energy, non-potable water usage, and low-VOC materials. Imperial Heritage is analyzing cost-effective green upgrades like fly ash bricks, double glazing, and rooftop gardens. Certification provides recognition and long-term cost savings through reduced utility bills and maintenance needs.
St. Paul Fire Station Green Roof Intrpretive Center and Garden ClassroomLoren Abraham
This presentation provides details of the design and construction of the St. Paul Fire Station Green Roof Interpretive Center and Garden Classroom completed in 2010. This green roof was part of a 58,000 sf firestation and fire department headquarters building for the city of St. Paul, Minnesota. The green roof was designed by Abraham + Associates Architecture and Planning, who was also the sustainable design and LEED consultant on the Fire Station Project. The building itself was designed by CDG, Inc. A Minneapolis Architectural Firm. The Construction Manager for the project was CPMI, Inc. and the project was certified LEED Silver, as requested by the City of St. Paul. The Project Manager for the city was David Nelson.
Green Aesthetic 21st Century Architecturegcecs2009
This document provides a summary of a presentation on green aesthetics in 21st century architecture. The presentation discusses green feasibility strategies and how sustainable design, resource efficiency, beauty, and other factors relate in the thesis equation for good design. Several case studies of green buildings are presented. The presentation emphasizes history and green principles, and discusses problems that can inspire solutions. It promotes sustainability as an ongoing journey rather than a destination.
Marc J. Harary - Sustainability Presentation for High SchoolsMarc J. Harary
1. The document discusses a presentation on green and sustainable architecture. It defines architecture and green architecture, and provides examples of green building design principles.
2. Green building rating systems like LEED are discussed, which certify buildings as sustainable by earning points across categories like energy use, water efficiency, and indoor air quality.
3. A case study of the Lehman New Science Facility is presented, which achieved LEED Platinum certification, the highest level under the LEED rating system.
Join us as Finegold Alexander presents the study for the Lowell Trial Court, a 250,000 SF state courthouse designated by Gov. Patrick’s Zero Net Energy Building Task Force as one of three public demonstration projects addressing the challenge of designing public buildings to high sustainability standards.
The engineering components of the study involved proposals for energy reduction and on-site production, investigated through a multitude of computer models and cost-to-benefits charts and analysis. Architecture and architects must change. Architectural form is a critical element in achieving any sustainable goals, including zero net energy. This session will look at the Lowell Trial Court design process and the iterative schemes the team produced. We will discuss building massing, orientation, urban context and all the elements we always address in every project. Now we find our attitudes toward these traditional design criteria are influenced by the integration of sustainable design. Design for zero net energy caused this team to think and collaborate differently with consultants, client and user groups.
This presentation is a basic introduction to the concepts underlying carbon neutral design. It looks at a LEED Platinum building that is also a carbon neutral building for some ideas as to how to achieve this goal.
A joint presentation between myself and John Andary from Stantec. Covers the the process and strategies used to get this 218,000 SF office building on the NREL campus to net zero energy.
In this presentation focus is on definition of Zero Energy Buildings and Net Zero Energy Buildings. Also different aspects of developing Zero Energy Buildings, their advantages and disadvantages have been discussed.
* All the content is not mine. I have collected the data through different places on the net and books.
Green technology aims to conserve natural resources and reduce environmental impacts. It became important in the 1990s as computing grew and witnessed regulatory milestones. Green technology incorporates the 7 R's: reduce, reuse, recycle, recover, redesign, re-manufacture, and re-market. Examples include wind turbines at the Bahrain World Trade Center and solar panels at Manchester's CIS Tower. Companies adopt green practices due to customer demand and to address climate change. Green building uses energy, water and materials efficiently. Individuals can contribute by using renewable energy sources, conserving resources, and recycling materials. Major green energy companies in India include Suzlon Energy and Orient Green Power.
Engineered Wood Sustainability And Green Building Practices Slide Showdonaldsimon
This document discusses engineered wood products, sustainability, and green building practices. It defines key sustainability concepts and compares various construction materials. It also reviews several green building programs and rating systems, such as LEED and NAHB, and their criteria for evaluating materials. The document emphasizes that wood products can provide benefits for resource efficiency, energy efficiency, and the environment when used appropriately in construction.
These drawings are University of Texas graduate student work in the second CRI Think Tank charrette and set for ideas and challenges for green system integration for CCR, ideas on the learning environments in the CCR and the impacts of a "net zero" LEED platinum building on downtown Shreveport, Louisiana
Green building refers to structures and processes that are environmentally responsible and efficient in their use of resources throughout the building's lifecycle. The goals of green building are to reduce, reuse, recycle, and refuse resources. Some key principles are optimizing the structure's efficiency, as well as energy, water, materials, and waste reduction. The benefits of green building include environmental protections, cost savings, and improved social outcomes like health and quality of life. Challenges include growing waste and costs, while impacts on natural resources include development of land and energy usage.
The document provides information about the ITC Green Centre in Gurgaon, India, which was the first building in India to receive LEED Platinum certification. Some key points:
- The building uses various sustainable design features and technologies to reduce its environmental impact, saving over 50% on projected energy costs.
- Examples include use of local and recycled materials, rainwater harvesting, green roofing, solar power, and efficient water and energy systems.
- Its "L" shape and central atrium promote natural light and ventilation to reduce energy needs.
The document provides information about the Energy Research Institute (TERI) in Bangalore, India. It discusses the location, climate, introduction, orientation, and various passive design strategies used in the building. The building is oriented along an east-west axis with the northern side open to take advantage of glare-free light. Passive strategies include a double cavity wall on the south side for insulation, an atrium space with skylights to bring in natural light, and an earth air tunnel system for passive cooling and heating. The design aims to minimize energy usage through various architectural and passive design elements that respond to the local climate and environment.
Gambit Energy Storage Park Power ppt for Town Hall mtg 10102019.pdfSyedFurqanRafique
The document summarizes a town hall meeting held by Plus Power to discuss their proposed "Gambit" Energy Storage Park project in Angleton, TX. The meeting covered Plus Power's background and experience developing energy storage projects, the need for energy storage in ERCOT due to aging generation and increasing renewable energy, and the proposed project details including site layout, visual and sound impacts, benefits to the community, and safety measures. The technology was explained through examples of Plus Power's operating projects using lithium-ion batteries in shipping containers.
This document provides an overview of wind energy and the wind industry in Quebec and Canada. It discusses the basics of how wind is generated and how that kinetic energy is captured by wind turbines to generate electricity. It describes the major components of modern wind turbines, including foundations, towers, nacelles, rotors, and hubs. The document outlines how wind farms are constructed and how the electricity is integrated into the grid. It also addresses the intermittency of wind and how geographical dispersion of turbines can help reduce variability. The document reviews environmental permitting requirements and potential impacts of wind projects as well as life cycle analyses. It provides details on the Vents du Kempt wind farm project in Quebec and discusses future plans for wind development in
PVNavigator develops utility-scale PV solar installations on closed landfills and brownfield sites. It has over 50 MW of site capacity under option and a pipeline of over 300 MW. PVN is staffed by engineers and land development experts. It has expertise in landfill post-closure PV permitting and leverages proven PV technologies. Representative projects include a 3 MW installation on the Milliken Landfill in California and a pilot study funded by the California Energy Commission. PVN uses specially designed self-ballasted racking systems that minimize landfill cap penetration and accommodate waste settlement.
Case Study :: Small Wind Turbines in the Built Environment Decommissioning GuideKimberly L. King
This case study covers the history of decommissioning an Aero Power SL1500 small wind turbine in Berkeley, CA, USA. The aim of this framework document is that it can serve as guidance, as far as it is practical, to those seeking to navigate and obtain approval for decommissioning wind turbines in the built environment or in urban settings.
Analysis of Community Microgrids: The path to resilient and sustainable commu...Clean Coalition
This document discusses community microgrids and their benefits. It begins by introducing Greg Thomson and the Clean Coalition's Community Microgrid Initiative. It then provides an overview of community microgrids, explaining that they can deliver lower costs, cleaner energy, resilience and security, and a replicable solution. The document outlines the design process for community microgrids and provides examples of existing and planned projects in various locations like New York, Long Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, Connecticut, and Minnesota.
PV Navigator develops utility-scale solar installations on closed landfills and brownfield sites. It has developed approximately 50 MW of capacity across various sites on the east and west coasts of the United States. The company focuses on smaller 1-10 MW distributed projects that can rapidly deliver power to meet renewable energy standards. Key challenges for landfill solar projects are obtaining permits and power purchase agreements that make the economics work.
Here are the key customer requirements for the project:
- Generate electricity from wave motion in Lake Michigan
- Transfer the generated electricity to an on-shore location
- Power a single home using the electricity generated
- Design a mechanical system to harness wave energy
- Consider cost, safety, efficiency, performance, reliability, and environmental impact
ii) Design Selection
After researching various hydrokinetic concepts, Group 15 selected a point absorber design as the optimal solution. A point absorber uses the vertical motion of a floating buoy connected to a generator via a tether system. Key advantages of this design include its simplicity and ability to effectively capture wave energy over a wide area.
The design selection process involved defining technical requirements
Retro-Commissioning is like Mining for GoldMurray Guy
Retro-Cx is one of the best investments in the Building Industry TODAY with paybacks of less than 1 year. WHY then isn't everyone doing it? This presentation explores WHY, HOW and WHAT we need to do to fix take advantage of this OPPORTUNITY.
Dramatic energy use in the Middle East continues to create problems. This presentation goes through real world solutions that can be cost effectively implemented and contribute to a sustainable world view.
Caddo Wind Virtual Public Meeting PresentationHeritage Wind
Apex Clean Energy is developing a large portfolio of wind energy projects across the US with over 12,000 MW of capacity. They have assembled the largest wind development pipeline in the country. Apex carefully selects project locations based on wind resource, transmission access, and permitting constraints. Their team of over 230 professionals manages projects from site selection through construction. Apex was formed in 2009 and has experience developing over $10 billion of renewable energy facilities. They currently have several operating wind projects in Texas, Illinois, Oklahoma, and other states.
Pressure buffering hydropower introduction, Bogorodsky Power Co.Andrew Bogorodsky
The document describes a new type of hydropower plant called pressure buffering hydropower. It utilizes buoys in the ocean that are pushed up and down by wave motion, which pumps water through pipes to a storage reservoir located above the buoys. The pressurized water is then released through turbines to generate electricity. This design aims to provide stable renewable energy production while being scalable and able to operate without electricity in seawater. The document outlines the market opportunity and competitive advantages of this technology over other renewable energy sources.
This document provides an overview of Solar Wind Energy, Inc. and its solar/wind hybrid energy technology. It describes how the Solar Wind Energy Tower works by using water mist and solar heating to create cooler, denser air that falls through the tower, powering turbines. It notes forward-looking statements are involved and discusses environmental benefits. It also outlines the company's global energy generation calculator, details of a planned Arizona tower project, and business model involving licensing and partnership with developers.
This document provides an overview of the Archimedean screw as a low head hydropower generator. It discusses the basic design and operation of Archimedean screws, including their rotating helical shape supported by bearings. Archimedean screws can operate at heads as low as 1 meter and flows up to 15 cubic meters per second. They typically have an efficiency around 80% and can tolerate debris well due to their large dimensions. The document also notes some advantages of Archimedean screws for hydropower such as their fish friendliness and simpler civil works compared to other turbine types.
The document summarizes how wind turbines work to generate electrical energy from kinetic wind energy. It explains that the spinning blades transform wind's kinetic energy into mechanical rotation of the turbine shaft. Inside the turbine, gears increase the shaft's rotation speed to power an electrical generator, which transforms this mechanical energy into electrical energy. The document also lists factors that affect a wind turbine's energy production and discusses efficiency issues as well as social and environmental disadvantages of wind power.
This document provides an overview of wind energy and wind turbines. It discusses the advantages of wind energy such as being clean and having an abundant domestic source. It also discusses disadvantages like intermittency and land use impacts. The document describes different types of wind turbines including horizontal and vertical axis designs. It provides information on wind resources and wind power potential in the United States. Key concepts in wind turbine operation and aerodynamics are explained like Betz's law. Cost trends for wind power and the future outlook of the industry are also summarized.
Alta Devices is developing thin-film gallium arsenide (GaAs) solar technology to increase the endurance of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). GaAs solar cells can be made into flexible thin films and integrated onto UAV wings, providing more power than rigid solar options. For the Cyclopes-C UAV, adding a 41 watt GaAs solar array was estimated to increase flight time from 2 hours to over 8 hours without battery power. The presentation outlined the benefits of GaAs solar and considerations for optimally designing solar systems for UAV applications.
Alta Devices is developing thin-film gallium arsenide (GaAs) solar technology to increase the endurance of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). GaAs solar cells can be made into flexible thin films and integrated into UAV wings, providing more power than rigid solar options while maintaining lightweight construction. Case studies show GaAs solar can double the flight time of hand-launched military UAVs from 2-3 hours to 8 hours, and increase the endurance of anti-poaching UAVs from 6 to 10 hours. Alta Devices works with UAV manufacturers to optimize solar panel layout and design to maximize power generation given each aircraft's configuration and power requirements.
The document discusses the potential for sub-surface hydrokinetic turbines to harness ocean currents for renewable energy generation. It notes that while water covers most of the Earth's surface, underwater power is rarely utilized. It then proposes researching and developing a vertical axis sub-surface turbine that could generate electricity from ocean currents in a scalable and cost-effective way. The summary highlights the large untapped potential of tidal energy along continental shelves to power many homes.
Similar to Community Wind—It’s needed in the SF Bay Area (20)
Baltimore’s Harlem Park Agrihood
where
INNOVATION MEETS URBAN ‘GOLD’...
...repurposing found materials for building urban farm infrastructure to improve fresh food access and food security.
SOLUTION
Provide access to empower the locals to obtain transferable skills e.g. learn how to grow food, compost, and build low-cost/no-cost structures (raised beds, mini-greenhouses) for self-supporting farm infrastructure.
THE OFFERING
Self-determined community-based micro-farming collaborative bringing the outdoors to the backyard or front stoops.
A home that is inSTEAD of homelessness, takes stress off the municipality infrastructure by implementing RESTs (renewable energy systems technologies), atmospheric water generators, and eco-sanitary/thermophilic compost dry toilet systems to support hyper-intense urban farms, and urban agriculture. This provides a STEADfast alternative to the streets, giving people someplace STEADy in the middle of disaster, or Everyday Brilliance for Disaster Resilience. PREPARE. RESPOND. ADAPT.
2012 UH-HNEI Smart Grid Inverter Project System ArchitectureKimberly L. King
First systems architecture draft for the UH-HNEI | US DoE EERE SunShot Initiative Grid, Photovoltaic & Battery Smart Grid Inverter Project - A nascent smart grid communications protocol standard for embedding a high-penetration of residential PV inverters on existing electrical distribution networks.
Ethane | A Green(er) Clean(er) Transportation Fuel OpportunityKimberly L. King
Converting the existing CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) fleet to utilize ethane (a waste gas) may be a practical near-term choice with low capital investment. Over the long-term, if the supply of ethane is sustainable, the ethane fleet may be expanded accordingly. An ethane transportation program in the United States may lead the way for wider adoption of ethane as a green(er), clean(er) transportation fuel while the electrical vehicle infrastructure, where appropriate, becomes more fully realized.
The Kailash Ecovillage project converting human excreta into organic foodstuf...Kimberly L. King
Since March 2014, a sustainably focused community located on a 0.7 hectares site in Portland, Oregon, USA, has
been undertaking an experimental composting toilet system modeled after the Water Efficiency and Sanitation
Standard (WE-Stand) set out by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO).
This system collects urine and hot composts human excreta in a dry-composting toilet system for eventual
use on the community’s organic gardens. The system design reduces the need to access municipal water,
sewer, and electrical infrastructure, enhancing emergency preparedness. It conserves an otherwise wasted
nutrient flow, and safely produces a valuable compost. The system consists of urine collection vessels, multiple
portable collection containers for excreta, toilet paper, and additive, and a compost processor. Urine diversion
has allowed the community to reclaim nitrogen and other nutrients otherwise lost in conventional sewage systems,
resulting in large savings of potable water and significant carbon sequestration via topsoil creation. Logs
showed thermophilic compost temperatures. Compost and urine pathogen testing met American National Standards
Institute and National Sanitation Foundation Standard 41 requirements.
[ABSTRACT] Community CompostToilet and Urine Diversion System Using IAPMO WE...Kimberly L. King
Safely reducing the volume of municipal sewage sludge typically sent for processing by sewer avoidance via separation at the source/on-site remediation of humanure using compost toilets with urine diversion AKA humus (top soil factories). This sanitary compost schema uses the 2018 IAPMO WE-Stand Guidance rubric. Ultimately, a rich resource is generated that can be used as a soil amendment to grow food by tiny house stewards managing hyper-intense farming on tax-defaulted, urban lots.
Conducted over four years, performance of a humanure batch compost processor, clearly demonstrates that high temperatures were reliably achieved with subsequent pathogen elimination to acceptable levels prior to distribution of high quality humus to the local garden environment. Additionally, urine diversion has also allowed the community to reclaim nitrogen and other nutrients otherwise lost in conventional sewage systems. The system has resulted in large savings of potable water, and significant carbon sequestration.
Ethane―a green(er), clean(er) transportation fuel opportunityKimberly L. King
This is the formal paper included in the PLEA 2017 Transportation Forum Proceedings. Until there is full realization of the EV (Electrical Vehicle) infrastructure in the USA, there is lo-emissions ethane (C2H6) transportation fuel offering that can act as a bridge.
[PRESENTATION] PLEA 2017 | Ethane--a green(er) clean(er) transportation fuel ...Kimberly L. King
This is a presentation prepared for the Transpo Forum of PLEA (Passive Low Energy Architecture) 'Design To Thrive' Conference. Edinburgh, Scotland. 3-5 July 2017
Everyday brilliance for disaster resilience. Affordable, agile, adaptable, resilient, sustainable, greener, cleaner quality of life offering that will reduce stress on municipal services and reduce homelessness.
Double Dutchin'--Hybrid Hip Hop is HELLA [10^27] FUN! [Mock-up]Kimberly L. King
Double Dutch Jump Roping & Dutch DJs MEETS Planet BBoy/Bgerly + Skateboarding + Rollerblading + Scooter Tricksters
Sat, 22 August 2015
TOWN PARK SKATE PARK, OAKLAND, CA, USA
Raising the bar in Oakland, adding a new dimension to HipHop that cross-pollinates with everything Dutch, Double Dutchin'--DJs, music, jumprope, breakdancing, wooden shoes, food, fitness, FUN! Healthy-Hybrid HIPHOP is HELLA [10^27]-FUN!
[Sept 2014] KALX_Operators_Manual_portfolio_extractedKimberly L. King
The document is the operator's manual for KALX 90.7 FM radio station. It contains information about station rules and procedures, including details on the Emergency Alert System (EAS), transmitter controls, and guidelines for phone-in segments. The manual instructs operators to never remove it from the air studio and provides contact information for the station, located at 26 Barrows Hall at the University of California, Berkeley.
Since the world does not need more plastics, ethane (C2H6) instead of methane (CH4), can be the greener fuel transportation opportunity. There is a real savings, both financially and environmentally by choosing ethane as a transportation fuel.
This document summarizes a case study of a small wind turbine installed at a residential property in Berkeley, CA in 1982. The turbine cost $3,000 to install but ultimately had to be decommissioned after 3 months due to lack of performance and resulting customer dissatisfaction. The turbine remained derelict on the property for around 30 years, posing a potential safety hazard. The document recommends carefully considering site characteristics, local ordinances, and turbine specifications to avoid similar poor outcomes when installing small wind turbines.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
1. out think the box
Community Wind—It’s needed
in the SF Bay Area
Oakland, CA, USA
1 October 2013 Kimberly King
Renewable Energy Engineer
Email: kimgerly@outthinkthebox.net
Mobile: +1 415 832 9084
Skype: kimgerly
Recommended Citation
Kimberly King,
“Comunity Wind—It’s needed in the SF Bay Area” (2013).
http://www.kimgerly.com/projects/sfba_cmtywind.pdf
3. 1
Out think the box.
Prepare. Respond. Adapt.
introduction
“If Boston, MA can do it, why can’t ‘green(er)’
California? And if we can do it, then why can’t
we own it...”
–Paul Gipe
4. 2
Out think the box.
Prepare. Respond. Adapt.
defintions & concepts
• Built environment
• HAWT vs VAWT
• Swept area
• Small vs Large WTG
• Roughness length
• Turbulence vs Smooth/Laminar wind
• Concentrator effect in the built environment
• Capacity factor
• Wind power
3defintions & concepts
• Built environment Human-made surroundings
that includes buildings, parks,
green spaces, neighborhoods,
cities.
5. 4 5defintions & concepts
• HAWT vs VAWT
defintions & concepts
• Swept area (wind
turbine ‘collector surface’)
• Power coefficient, Cp, max
Cp,max
= P / [½ρuo
3
At
]
• Lift-driven (HAWT) - 0.59
• Drag-driven (VAWT) - 0.11
• Hybrid-driven (Savonius) - 0.22
The larger the swept area (the
longer the blade length), the
more energy a wind turbine
can capture from the wind.
Linear relationship:
• the greater the swept area,
greater the electrical output
• double swept area, double
electrical output
Citations: Mertens, Sander. "Wind Energy in the Built Environment"; http://machinede-
sign.com/technologies/new-guidelines-promise-reliable-wind-turbine-gearboxes
Citations: Mertens, Sander. “Wind Energy in the Built Environment”; http://machinedesign.
com/technologies/new-guidelines-promise-reliable-wind-turbine-gearboxes
6. 6defintions & concepts
• Small vs Large WTG (Wind Turbine Generator),
according to NREL:
Large
> 1MW - 8MW
Vestas Offshore V164-8.0 MW
rotor diameter 164 m (538 ft.),
swept area 21,000m2
~= 3 futbol/soccer pitches
Small
≤ 100 kilowatts (kW)
Distributed wind includes
small and and midsized
100kW - 1MW turbines
Citation: http://www.nrel.gov/wind/smallwind/
7defintions & concepts
• Small vs Large WTG (Wind Turbine Generator) cont’d
7. 8 9defintions & concepts
• Roughness length Roughness length, zo
, is a
parameter used in vertical
wind profile equations to
model the horizontal mean
wind speed near the ground;
surfaces are more rough if
they have more protrusions:
• open sea, zo
= 0.0002m
• grassland, zo
= 0.03m
• city w/high-rise buildings,
zo
=≥ 2m
defintions & concepts
• Turbulence vs Smooth/
Laminar Wind Flow (for a
fixed point in space)
Turbulence - an unsteady
flow that can be random; no
repeatable sequence/regular
variation to the unsteadiness
e.g. water splashing from a
faucet into a sink
Smooth/Laminar - a steady
flow, velocity at a given time
and space that does not vary
with timeCitation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rough-
ness_length
8. 11defintions & concepts
• Capacity factor Ratio of the actual power
output (kWh,MWh) over time
to the output of a
power plant if operating
indefinitely at
nameplate/rated capacity
• small wind systems: 10-28%
• wind farms: 20-40%
10defintions & concepts
• Concentrator effect in the built environment
9. 13
Out think the box.
Prepare. Respond. Adapt.
12defintions & concepts
• Wind power P = 0.5dAV3
d, air density
A, swept area
V, wind speed
NB: Air density is the least important.
wind turbines in the built
environment
• Generating proximity
• Six R’s
• Other benefits
10. 14
• Generating proximity Generating electricity closer
to where it will be used make
sense. Adding generation
closer to load centers
minimizes transmission line
losses. Typical losses ~5% of
energy transmitted.
wind turbines in the built
environment
15
• Six R’s • Resiliency
• Robustness
• Reliability
• Redundancy
• Response
• Repair
wind turbines in the built
environment
11. 17
Out think the box.
Prepare. Respond. Adapt.
16
• Other benefits Provides:
• local job opportunities
• improved local quality of
life
• local reduction in
negative environmetal
impacts e.g. Greenhouse
Gas (GHG) emissions
reduction
wind turbines in the built
environment
• Assess electrical demand
• Assess wind resource
• Economics
• Size matters [revisit]
• Examples of Green Gone
Wrong
wind site assessment
12. 18
• Assess electrical demand • Typically only
requires annual electrical
consumption for grid-tied
systems.
• Perform a load analysis.
• Consider energy
efficiency measures and
practicing conservation
first!
wind site assessment 19
• Assess wind resource
• Direct measurement
• Local airport and
weather service data
• Wind maps
• Online resources
NB: Historically, people don’t build homes in
locations where the wind resource is richest.
wind site assessment
13. 20
• Size matters
• Visualize the Washinton Monument [~170m]
wind site assessment 21
• Examples of Green
Gone Wrong AKA ‘Kinetic
Architecture’
• Warwick Wind Trials
(WWT), UK
• 12W Bldg Portland, OR
• Idaho St, Berkeley, CA
• Greenway Self-Park,
Chicago, IL
• Lexington Farms,
Jerseyville, IL
wind site assessment
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wind_turbine_size_increase_1980-2010.png
14. 22
• Green Gone Wrong -
WWT, UK, Eden Ct 2
• Ampair 600 230 WTG
• Ave. wind speed: 6.22 m/s
• Total energy output: 51.64
kWh/yr
• 141 Wh/day
• Study capacity factor (avg):
0.85%-4.15% (anticipated: 10%-
15%)
• Study generation mean: 214
Wh/day (enough to power 5
low-energy light bulbs)
wind site assessment
Citation: “Wind Speed and Energy Yield
Analysis of Small Wind Turbines on a 45m
High-rise Building in the Built Environment
[INTERIM REPORT]”, Kimberly King,
Loughborough University, Loughborough,
Leices, UK
23wind site assessment
• Green Gone Wrong -
12W Bldg, Portland, OR
• 4 Southwest Windpower
Skystream 3.7
• Masts installed on rooftop, not
vertical support structures
• Commissioned: Nov2009
• Energy output (predicted):
10,000 - 12,000 kWh/annum
• Actual in-use capacity factor:
~1.0%-2.0%
• LEED Platinum 2x - so what,
if science is undermined Citation: http://www.zgf.com/portfolio/
15. 24
• Green Gone Wrong
- Idaho St, Berkeley, CA -
Developer oversold:
• Aeropower SL1500 HAWT
[1981/1982]
• Generate 400 kW/month
• Cover 90% of the family’s
PG&E electricity bill
• CEC 55% tax credit incentive
• PG&E purchase excess
power generated at $0.072/
kWh over 10 years
wind site assessment 25
• Green Gone Wrong
- Greenway Self-Park,
Chicago, IL:
• ?? Helix Wind VAWTs
• Orginal company -
Aerotecture w/drew from
project due to ‘low wind’, low
power output predictions
• Orginal intent - rooftop install
wind site assessment
Citation: http://www.kimgerly.com/projects/
wtg_decom.pdf
Citation: Conversation w/Helix Wind
mechanical engineer, 20Sept2010,
http://www.kimgerly.com/wpress/?p=371
16. 27
Out think the box.
Prepare. Respond. Adapt.
26
• Green Gone Wrong
- Lexington Farms,
Jerseyville, IL:
• 32 eddyGT Urban Green
Energy VAWTs
• ‘First LEED Platinum commu-
nity of its kind in the USA’—so
what if science is undermined
• “...the solar panels were the
‘workhorses’ of ths installation”
wind site assessment
• Green Gone Wrong -
Lessons learned:
• As a consumer, caveat
emptor; know...
• your wind resource
• your local ordinances
• how to site your wind turbine
generators [WTGs]
• the WTG(s) specs as per your
individual requirements
wind site assessment
Citations: http://www.urbangreenenergy.com/case-studies, http://www.urbangreenenergy.
com/case-studies; Gipe, Paul, “Questionable Turbines and Siting Give Architects, LEED,
Green Builders, and Wind Bad Name”, http://tinyurl.com/k9b692v
17. 2928
Out think the box.
Prepare. Respond. Adapt.
• Definition
Offshore wind turbine - Fixed
bottomed traditional wind
turbines or floating structures
[deep water areas] installed
in bodies of water i.e. ocean,
lakes, fjords, sheltered coastal
areas.
Citation: RenewableUK ‘A Community
Commitment’ report
onshore vs offshore
• Onshore wind turbine
• Pros
• cost, cheaper than offshore
• proximity to electrical
infrastructure
• reduced environmental
impacts
• less costly logistics for
installation and O&M required
• mature as an industry
onshore vs offshore
• Cons
• aesthetics/visual and noise
impacts—minimal if sited
mindfully
• avian impacts—minimized if
sited mindfully
• not as efficient as offshore
due to terrain roughness
18. 31
Out think the box.
Prepare. Respond. Adapt.
30
• Offshore wind turbine
• Pros
• less visual impact, less noise
issues
• higher wind speeds
• bigger projects
• more predictable, persistent
wind patterns
• scalability to very large size
plants
• oil companies’ experience,
knowledge-base transfer
onshore vs offshore
• Cons
• higher cost—turbine only ~1/3
cost
• high levels of policy supported
needed (FIT premiums)
• more O&M, costly logistics
required
• special rules grid connection
• focus away from locally
owned-controlled onshore wind
installations
• Zoning
• Permits
• Covenants
• Utility Companies
• Insurance
• Buying a system
other considerations
19. 32 33
Out think the box.
Prepare. Respond. Adapt.
Out think the box.
Prepare. Respond. Adapt.
community wind examples
• Green Going Right
• USA
• Hull, MA
• Crow Lake, SD
• Canada
• Port Elgin, Ontario
• The Netherlands
• Windcentrale
• UK
• Cumbria
• Oxforshire
• Stirling
community wind examples
(more)
• USA Community Wind
Accounting
• Where are the SF Bay
Area Wind Turbines?
• The Other Bay Area
• SF Bay Area
• Urban Wind FITs
20. 34
• Green Going Right - Hull,
MA, USA [as of 8Jun2013]:
• Hull 1: Vestas 0.66 MW
• Commissioned: 27 Dec 2001
• Total generation:
17,210,661kWh
• Days commissioned: 4,181
• Hours generating: ~60%
• Capacity factor: 26.0%
community wind examples 35
• Green Going Right -
Crow Lake, SD, USA:
• Prairie Winds SD1
• 162 MW installed
• Owned by 600+ local farmers
• Crowdfunding kickstart
• Shares sold in increments of
$15,000
• $6.7 mil grant via 1603
Program
• Commissioned: Feb 2011
community wind examples
Citation: http://www.hullwind.org
Citations: http://tinyurl.com/ld6nku7; http://energy.gov/eere/articles/want-finance-wind-farm-
project-your-community-try-crowdfunding
21. 36
• Green Going Right - Port
Elgin, Ontario, Canada:
• 500kW WTG
• Canadian Auto Workers union
• Timeline: 10+ yrs
• Commissioned: 25Mar2013
• Net metering and FIT
accepted
• Pays up to 14.5 cents/kWh
• Projected payback: 15-18 yrs
community wind examples 37
• Green Going Right
- Culemborg, NL (SE of
Utrecht, NL):
• de Windcentrale Co-op wind
turbine company [2010]
• Vestas V80-2MW wind turbine
• €1.3 mil raised in 13 hours
• 6,648 shares @ €200/share
• ~500 kWh/share/yr output
• €23/yr for maintenance
• 1700 residential households
community wind examples
Citation: http://www.caw.ca/en/10744.htm Citation: https://www.windcentrale.nl/
22. 38
• Green Going Right -
Cumbria, UK:
• Harlock Hill-5 WTGs, 2.5 MW
• Haverigg II-1 WTG, 600kW
• Capacity factor (YTD): 22.35%
• Commissioned: Jan1997
• 1,300 investors; £2 mil raised
thru shares (£300-£20K)
• Interest payment avg 7%
gross/annum to investors
• Service ~1,000 homes
community wind examples 39
• Green Going Right -
Oxfordshire, UK:
• Westmill Wind Farm Co-op
• Five 1.3 MW wind turbines
• 6.5 MW installed
• Permission gained: Jul 2005
• Construction start: Fall 2006
• Commissioned: Mar 2007
• 100% community-owned
• £4.6 mil raised + loan
• ~2,500 homes powered
community wind examples
Citation: RenewableUK ‘A Community Commitment’ report, http://tinyurl.com/kbvt3ec
Citations: RenewableUK ‘A Community
Commitment’ report, http://www.westmill.
coop/westmill_home.asp
23. 40
• Total USA Community Wind Accounting
• 2011 - 50
• 2012 - 27
• 2013 - ??
• Are their any community wind projects in California?
Citation: Community Wind Project Database prepared by Paul Gipe 5Sept2012
community wind examples 41
• CA Community Wind
Example:
• Foundation Wind Power
• Anheuser-Busch, Fairfield,
Solano County, CA
• GE SLE 1.5 MW
• Commissioned: Nov 2011
• 3.5 million kWh/annum ==
~10% electrical needs
Citation: http://www.foundationwindpower.
com/projects/AnheuserBusch.php
community wind examples
27. 48community wind examples
• Point Pinole Regional
Park (Hypothetical ONLY!)
• 3 Vestas V80 wind turbines
• Rotor diameter: 80m (262 ft)
• Tip height: 125m (410 ft)
• Ave. annual wind speed @
80m AGL
• 5.3 m/s - 7.3 m/s (11.9 mph
-16.3 mph)
• Capacity factor: 27%
• Economics
• Installed cost: $2,528/kW
• Operating cost: $80/kW-yr
• Discount rate: 7%
• Project lifetime & financing:
20 years
• 30% ITC; PTC expired
• LCOE calculation:
Annual total energy: 13.1 GWh/yr
Annual project costs: $1.33 mil
LCOE
= $1,330,000/yr ÷ 13,100,000 kWh/yr
= $0.10/kWh
Citation: Heaslip, Meldan, “Toward Community Wind in the City of Richmond, California”
49community wind examples
Urban Wind Feed-in Tariffs?
Paul Gipe, wind-works.org
$/kWh MW Cap
NIPSCO 0.100 2
Vermont 0.110 1.5
Ontario 0.135 n/a
28. 51
Out think the box.
Prepare. Respond. Adapt.
50a parting thought
“Turn farms, homes, and businesses into
entreprenueurs.”
–Terry Tamminen, Former Chief Policy Advisor
to Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger
another parting thought
“If Boston, MA can do it, why can’t ‘green(er)’
California? And if we can do it, then why can’t
we own it...”
–Paul Gipe
For more info go to...
Wind Works News & Articles on Community Power
http://www.wind-works.org/cms/index.php?id=37