This document defines communication and outlines its key elements and types. It describes the communication process, which involves a sender, message, channel, receiver, feedback, context, and environment. It also lists several potential barriers to effective communication, including physical conditions, use of jargon, lack of attention, perceptual differences, physical and emotional barriers, language and cultural differences, and information overload. The document aims to help students understand communication and potential issues that can interfere with the transmission of intended meanings.

1. BY
RAJAH AMINA SULEIMAN (RN, RM, RNE, BNSc., MSc)

2. At the end of this lesson, the student should be able to:
 Define Communication
 Explain the six elements of communication
 Enumerate the types of communication
 Describe the communication process
 List the barriers to effective communication

3.  Communication can be defined as “purposefully and actively exchanging
information between two or more people to convey or receive the intended
meanings through a shared system of signs and (symbols).

4.  Communication is a process;
 Communication is not linear, but circular;
 Communication is complex;
 Communication is irreversible; and
 Communication involves the total personality

5.  Verbal
 Non-verbal
 Written
 Visual

7.  Sender
 Message
 Channel
 Receiver
 Feedback
 Context
 Environment
 Interferences

8.  Physical Conditions
 The use of jargon. Over-complicated, unfamiliar and/or technical terms.
 Lack of attention, interest, distractions, or irrelevance to the receiver.
 Differences in perception and viewpoint.
 Physical barriers to non-verbal communication
 Physical disabilities such as hearing problems or speech difficulties.

9.  Emotional barriers and taboos.
 Language differences and the difficulty in understanding unfamiliar accents.
 Cultural differences.
 Information Overload

10. Q4a. In a tabular form distinguish between a leader and a manager (5 marks)
4b. Explain the elements of communication (5 marks)
4c. Enumerate four (4) barriers to effective communication (2 marks)
4d. Briefly explain the following management functions
 Planning
 Organizing
 Staffing
 Controlling (2 marks each)

11. ANY QUESTIONS?