This document discusses effective communication. It states that communication is not just what is said, but what is heard and understood by the receiver. Communication is a joint effort to resolve issues and smooth operations. True communication requires hearing and registering a message, as well as feedback between both parties to ensure understanding. Barriers to effective communication can occur at the personal level, such as biases and stereotypes, or at the situational level due to differences in backgrounds or environments. Effective listening requires concentrating fully without judging and ensuring the message was understood by restating and summarizing.

1. COMMUNICATION
Dr Mukul Mukherjee
MSc, PhD

2. COMMUNICATION AXIOMS
• COMMUNICATION IS NOT WHAT IS SAID BUT
WHAT IS HEARD BY THE RECIEVER
• COMMUNICATION IS A JOINT EFFORT AT
REMOVING SNAGS AND SMOOTHENING
OPERATIONS
• HEARING BUT NOT REGISTERING IS NOT
COMMUNICATION

3. COMMUNICATION- TWO WAY
PROCESS
• HELPS IN CLARIFICATIONS OF DOUBTS, CONFUSIONS
AND MISCONCEPTIONS
• BOTH PARTIES UNDERSTAND EACH OTHER
• RECEIVING AND GIVING OF ‘FEEDBACK’
• INDICATING THE DEGREE OF RESPECT BETWEEN
THE TWO PARTIES

4. COMMUNICATION TAKES PLACE WHEN A
sender SELECTS A CERTAIN message AND
GIVES IT A SPECIAL treatment FOR
TRANSMISSION OVER A SELECTED channel TO
A reciever WHO INTERPRETS THE MESSAGE
BEFORE desired action IS TAKEN UP.

5. NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
• Using Our Bodies-gestures, Posture, Nod, Facial
Expression & Eye Movement
• Using Sounds- Laugh, Yawn, Scream Groan, Whisper
• Touch- Pat, Push, Caress
• Silence- Shock, Disapproval, Hurt, Joy, Togetherness
• Distance- Close Sitting, Standing Far Apart, Sitting On
Higher Seat
• Dress

6. BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
• AT PERSONAL LEVEL
1. Our Values, Opinions, Prejudices And
Attitudes
2. Tendency To Speak Before Thinking
3. Stereotyping /Generalisation
4. Preconceptions
5. Lack Of Trust

7. BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION- NOISE
• SITUATIONAL
1. Physical Well-being Of The Sender
2. Differences In Backgrounds & Context
Between The Parties
3. Differences In Languages
4. Physical Factors- Atmosphere And Environs

8. EFFECTIVE LISTENING
• Concentrate On Hearing
• Listen With Open Mind
• Pay Attention-go Beyond Words
• Do Not Predict, Don’t Jump To Conclusions
• Do Not Pretend To Understand
• Do Not Interfere, Argue, Or Become Defensive
• To Ensure Listening, From Time To Time Must
Restate, Repeat, And Summarise