To improve productivity and lower the capital cost, a single gas chromatograph has been configured to perform two standard methods: CAN/CGSB-3.0 and ASTM D-5580.
Detailed hydrocarbon (DHA) analysis of automotive gasoline has become a routine gas chromatographic method. The Canadian standard CAN/CGSB-3.0 requires cryogenic temperature programing to provide better separation of early-eluting components than conventional non-cryogenic DHA measurements. Determination of aromatics in the presence of methanol and ethanol is also an important requirement for bio-ethanol; method ASTM D-5580 is the standard method for this analysis.
PerkinElmer: The Determination of Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene, Xylenes an...PerkinElmer, Inc.
Levels of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes and styrene (BTEXS) find their way into olive trees and hence into the olives and olive oil mainly as a result of the presence of vehicle exhaust in ambient air. Although there is widespread concern about the presence of these carcinogenic compounds in olive oil, no definitive methods or limits have yet been prescribed.
Various methods have been developed to detect and quantify these compounds down to levels of 5ng/g (5 ppb w/w). In this work, we have developed a simple method to determine these components in olive oil using headspace (HS) extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).
Sample preparation simply comprises dispensing and sealing 10g of olive into a standard 22-mL headspace vial and sampling the headspace vapor after being equilibrated at 90°C. The vapor is introduced into a Carbowax capillary column for chromatographic separation. Detection, identification and quantification is performed using a quadrupole MS system with a novel ionizer and detection system that enables detection limits, in single ion monitoring (SIM) mode, down to below 0.5ng/g without the need for headspace vapor preconcentration. The analysis is fully automated and takes just 10.5 minutes for the chromatography and an additional 3.5 minutes for cool-down and equilibration between analyses.
Excellent quantitative performance has been demonstrated and the system is easily able to see concentrations of these compounds in the range 0.9ng/g to 126.1ng/g in olive oil bought from a local supermarket.
Examples of the chromatography and quantitative performance will be presented.
The document discusses using ozone disinfection to sanitize recycled waste material. It describes how ozone is produced through corona discharge and its properties. Pilot testing showed treating recycled waste material with ozone for 4-12 minutes achieved 76-89% reduction in bacteria. A proposed 40,000 ton per year facility would use ozone treatment to produce high quality refuse derived fuel from dry recycled waste fractions. The facility would be powered using electricity and heat from an on-site landfill gas generator, making it carbon neutral.
The document is a technical project report that proposes establishing a 60,000 KL/year plant named SANKALP BIO-TECH to produce bio-fuels and other products through trans-esterification of feedstocks like oils, animal fats and greases. The plant would be located in Maharashtra, India. Raw materials would include distillates from various oil and fat processing waste streams. Main products would be bio-diesel, fatty acid methyl esters, glycerin and other specialty products that meet standards like ASTM D6751 and IS 1560.
This document summarizes a study on the combustion of blends of palm olein and distillate oil as an alternative fuel for industrial gas turbines. The study examined the physical and chemical properties of blended palm olein/diesel fuels. A combustion test rig was used to analyze combustion characteristics, emissions, temperature profiles and smoke for different blended fuel compositions. Results showed that blends with up to 40% palm olein performed similarly to diesel fuel alone in terms of emissions and combustion, but higher palm olein content led to increased NOx emissions and poorer combustion. The document recommends a maximum of 40% palm olein blending for use in gas turbines.
This document summarizes Belgian contributions to the IEA Energy Conservation and Emissions Reduction in Combustion Annex 1 activities. It describes combustion and heat transfer studies conducted at three Belgian universities - UCL, UMons, and ULg - focusing on industrial furnaces, flames, and soot formation. At UMons, experiments are conducted on laboratory and semi-industrial scale furnaces firing natural gas and alternative fuels to study diluted combustion conditions and validate combustion models. The objective is to reduce NOx emissions while maintaining efficiency. Studies at UCL involve experimental flames and kinetic modeling to understand pollutant formation and effects of additives. Studies at ULg examine oil burner flames. The mechanisms developed will be useful for industrial applications like
This document discusses Belgian contributions to the IEA Energy Conservation and Emissions Reduction in Combustion Annex 1 program. It outlines three Belgian institutions conducting research: Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Université de Mons (UMons), and Université de Liège (ULg).
UCL studies chemical kinetics of flames and soot formation through experimental flames analysis and kinetic modeling. The goal is to understand pollutant formation and effects of additives. UMons studies combustion and heat transfer in industrial furnaces fired with preheated air, through experiments on laboratory and semi-industrial furnaces and numerical modeling. The goal is reducing NOx emissions. ULg studies combustion in oil
Instructions for the collection of plant specimens and endophytes studiesPrograma TF Innova
Ponencia: Instructions for the collection of plant specimens and endophytes studies
Autor: Dr. Gary Strobel
Evento TF Innova:
Workshop Biotechnology "Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from vascular plants"
A Comparison of Liquid Biofuels in Home Heating FurnacesXZ3
A study tested various biofuel blends in home heating furnaces and found that a 20% blend of waste vegetable oil (WVO) performed well and was the first biofuel to be cheaper than petroleum heating oil. Field tests of 20% WVO and soybean oil (SVO) blends found no issues after several months of use. Using less refined plant oils and waste oils reduces biofuel production costs and brings the prices below the petroleum barrier. Future studies are needed on long-term storage stability and delivery issues for biofuel heating to help establish local production in Connecticut.
PerkinElmer: The Determination of Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene, Xylenes an...PerkinElmer, Inc.
Levels of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes and styrene (BTEXS) find their way into olive trees and hence into the olives and olive oil mainly as a result of the presence of vehicle exhaust in ambient air. Although there is widespread concern about the presence of these carcinogenic compounds in olive oil, no definitive methods or limits have yet been prescribed.
Various methods have been developed to detect and quantify these compounds down to levels of 5ng/g (5 ppb w/w). In this work, we have developed a simple method to determine these components in olive oil using headspace (HS) extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).
Sample preparation simply comprises dispensing and sealing 10g of olive into a standard 22-mL headspace vial and sampling the headspace vapor after being equilibrated at 90°C. The vapor is introduced into a Carbowax capillary column for chromatographic separation. Detection, identification and quantification is performed using a quadrupole MS system with a novel ionizer and detection system that enables detection limits, in single ion monitoring (SIM) mode, down to below 0.5ng/g without the need for headspace vapor preconcentration. The analysis is fully automated and takes just 10.5 minutes for the chromatography and an additional 3.5 minutes for cool-down and equilibration between analyses.
Excellent quantitative performance has been demonstrated and the system is easily able to see concentrations of these compounds in the range 0.9ng/g to 126.1ng/g in olive oil bought from a local supermarket.
Examples of the chromatography and quantitative performance will be presented.
The document discusses using ozone disinfection to sanitize recycled waste material. It describes how ozone is produced through corona discharge and its properties. Pilot testing showed treating recycled waste material with ozone for 4-12 minutes achieved 76-89% reduction in bacteria. A proposed 40,000 ton per year facility would use ozone treatment to produce high quality refuse derived fuel from dry recycled waste fractions. The facility would be powered using electricity and heat from an on-site landfill gas generator, making it carbon neutral.
The document is a technical project report that proposes establishing a 60,000 KL/year plant named SANKALP BIO-TECH to produce bio-fuels and other products through trans-esterification of feedstocks like oils, animal fats and greases. The plant would be located in Maharashtra, India. Raw materials would include distillates from various oil and fat processing waste streams. Main products would be bio-diesel, fatty acid methyl esters, glycerin and other specialty products that meet standards like ASTM D6751 and IS 1560.
This document summarizes a study on the combustion of blends of palm olein and distillate oil as an alternative fuel for industrial gas turbines. The study examined the physical and chemical properties of blended palm olein/diesel fuels. A combustion test rig was used to analyze combustion characteristics, emissions, temperature profiles and smoke for different blended fuel compositions. Results showed that blends with up to 40% palm olein performed similarly to diesel fuel alone in terms of emissions and combustion, but higher palm olein content led to increased NOx emissions and poorer combustion. The document recommends a maximum of 40% palm olein blending for use in gas turbines.
This document summarizes Belgian contributions to the IEA Energy Conservation and Emissions Reduction in Combustion Annex 1 activities. It describes combustion and heat transfer studies conducted at three Belgian universities - UCL, UMons, and ULg - focusing on industrial furnaces, flames, and soot formation. At UMons, experiments are conducted on laboratory and semi-industrial scale furnaces firing natural gas and alternative fuels to study diluted combustion conditions and validate combustion models. The objective is to reduce NOx emissions while maintaining efficiency. Studies at UCL involve experimental flames and kinetic modeling to understand pollutant formation and effects of additives. Studies at ULg examine oil burner flames. The mechanisms developed will be useful for industrial applications like
This document discusses Belgian contributions to the IEA Energy Conservation and Emissions Reduction in Combustion Annex 1 program. It outlines three Belgian institutions conducting research: Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Université de Mons (UMons), and Université de Liège (ULg).
UCL studies chemical kinetics of flames and soot formation through experimental flames analysis and kinetic modeling. The goal is to understand pollutant formation and effects of additives. UMons studies combustion and heat transfer in industrial furnaces fired with preheated air, through experiments on laboratory and semi-industrial furnaces and numerical modeling. The goal is reducing NOx emissions. ULg studies combustion in oil
Instructions for the collection of plant specimens and endophytes studiesPrograma TF Innova
Ponencia: Instructions for the collection of plant specimens and endophytes studies
Autor: Dr. Gary Strobel
Evento TF Innova:
Workshop Biotechnology "Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from vascular plants"
A Comparison of Liquid Biofuels in Home Heating FurnacesXZ3
A study tested various biofuel blends in home heating furnaces and found that a 20% blend of waste vegetable oil (WVO) performed well and was the first biofuel to be cheaper than petroleum heating oil. Field tests of 20% WVO and soybean oil (SVO) blends found no issues after several months of use. Using less refined plant oils and waste oils reduces biofuel production costs and brings the prices below the petroleum barrier. Future studies are needed on long-term storage stability and delivery issues for biofuel heating to help establish local production in Connecticut.
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacyiosrphr_editor
The document summarizes a study on the kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of propranolol by sodium-N-chloro-p-toluenesulphonamide (Chloramine-T or CAT) in sodium hydroxide medium. The key findings are:
1) The rate of reaction was first order with respect to CAT concentration, fractional order with respect to propranolol concentration, and zero order with respect to hydroxide ion concentration.
2) Addition of p-toluenesulphonamide, NaCl, and NaBr did not affect the reaction rate. Variation in ionic strength also did not affect the rate, indicating non-ionic species are involved in the rate-
This document summarizes a presentation given on criticality benchmarks for various annular core configurations of Japan's High Temperature Engineering Test Reactor (HTTR). It describes the objectives of benchmarking the HTTR, including developing models to support validation of very high temperature reactor designs. It provides details on the HTTR design specifications, fuel loading patterns for different core configurations, and results of uncertainty and sensitivity analyses. Calculated eigenvalues for different core designs were found to be within 1% of experimental values.
LC/MS has become the fastest growing analytical technique due to its advantages over other methods like its ability to provide molecular weight information through soft ionization, high sensitivity, robustness, wide range of applications across industries, and ability to handle various flow rates. It has evolved greatly from early interfaces like moving belt and dynamic FAB to widely used techniques like atmospheric pressure ionization. The technique is used across various markets like pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, environmental testing, and forensics due to its high sample throughput, short method development time, sensitivity, and ability to unambiguously identify compounds. The LC/MS market is predicted to continue growing rapidly through 2020.
Using DynoChem to Inform Experimental Design of Batch Crystallization. Rahn M...Scale-up Systems
The document discusses using modeling software to inform experimental design of batch crystallization processes. It presents two models - Model A acts as a "nucleation detector" to predict peak supersaturation without considering nucleation, while Model B solves the cooling or antisolvent addition curve. Case studies demonstrate how the models were used for optimization, robustness analysis, and scoping of new compounds. The models provide a simple tool to aid experimental design for scientists unfamiliar with crystallization kinetics.
This document provides information on a trial plot for planting kenaf using soil amendment fertilizer. It details the dates the plot was planted and fertilized. It also notes that using soil amendment fertilization methods and Taaveekun products can increase farmer incomes. The document recommends increasing the number of kenaf plants per hectare based on stem rather than tassel needs. It identifies weaknesses in the current planting approach such as fewer plants than recommended and areas lost to cattle grazing.
This document provides information on a trial plot for planting kenaf using soil amendment fertilizer. It details the dates the plot was established and fertilized. It also notes that using soil amendment fertilization methods and Taaveekun products can increase farmer incomes. The document recommends increasing the number of kenaf plants per hectare based on stem rather than grain needs. It identifies weaknesses in the current planting approach such as fewer plants than recommended and areas lost to cattle grazing.
This document describes the isolation, purification, and assay of wheat germ acid phosphatase. The objectives were to purify acid phosphatase from wheat germ and determine its protein concentration. Wheat germ was homogenized and centrifuged to obtain 6 fractions. A BCA assay was used to measure the protein concentration of each fraction at different dilutions. SDS-PAGE was also performed to analyze the purified samples. The highest protein concentrations were found in Fractions I, II and V.
The SRM suite software tools can be used to model a variety of combustion applications and fuels. It uses detailed chemical kinetics and can simulate processes like mixture preparation, combustion, and emissions formation. It has been validated against experimental data for fuels like gasoline, diesel, natural gas and more. The software coupling capabilities allow linking with 3D CFD codes to study effects like injection strategies. It has provided insights into advanced combustion modes and ways to reduce emissions from spark ignition and compression ignition engines.
The classic way to increase rate in LLDPE blown films is to add 10-25% LDPE. It works, but it compromises toughness. Now there is a new option. Blend less than 5% of TOPAS COC to achieve high rates and bubble stability, with very little impact on properties.
This document discusses the improved properties and cost efficiencies of cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) enhanced forming films. It finds that adding COC to forming film structures improves thermoformability and several key properties. Films with 15% or more COC showed significantly less gauge variation during forming, almost no shrinkage or "snapback" of formed cavities, and increased crush resistance compared to films without COC. The addition of COC allows for downgauging of films while maintaining performance, enabling cost savings through reduced material usage. Overall, incorporating COC delivers robust forming performance, dimensional stability, and potential cost reductions for thermoformed packaging applications.
The document provides nutritional information for 12-inch medium pizzas from a single pizza chain. It lists 14 different pizza varieties and provides values for calories, fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, carbohydrates and other metrics for a single slice of each type of pizza, which constitutes 1/8 of the whole pizza. The pizzas are grouped into three categories: pan, thin 'n crispy and hand-tossed style.
Polyamides, also known as nylons, were the first commercial synthetic polymers. Nylon 66 was the first synthetic fiber invented in 1935. This document discusses modifying polyamide 6 (PA6) through solid-state polymerization or solution polymerization to improve properties while retaining good mechanical properties. It examines two approaches - synthesizing multiblock polyesteramide copolymers from short PA and polyester blocks to enhance biodegradability, and incorporating a semi-aromatic nylon salt into the PA6 backbone to modify properties. The results of these studies on synthesis, properties, degradation and morphology are presented.
The document discusses biomarkers for assessing tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy. It begins by listing some of the thousands of chemicals found in tobacco smoke and electronic databases containing this information. It then discusses selecting smoke components for analysis based on their chemical, toxicological and pharmacological profiles. The document specifically examines NNAL, a metabolite of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine NNK. It describes NNAL's structure and metabolism, as well as analytical methods for quantifying NNAL and its glucuronide conjugates in urine using LC-MS/MS. The goals are to develop sensitive and rapid assays to measure smoke exposure from different sources during pregnancy and its effects on mothers and newborns.
The document reports on the standardization of a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution using potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) as the primary standard. It provides the results of three titrations that were used to calculate the concentration of NaOH, which averaged to 0.0971M. It also describes the calibration of a pH meter using buffer solutions and includes a table showing how the pH of a solution changed with increasing volumes of NaOH added during a potentiometric titration of a mixed acid.
Tests show that olefin plants (steam crackers) can diversify to biorenewable feeds without modifying their facilities or operations. And by doing this, they will help "sequester" CO2 into plastics.
This document discusses fundamentals of dermal exposure. It describes the structure of the skin, including the stratum corneum barrier layer. It explains three principles of dermal exposure: like dissolves like based on octanol-water partition coefficients; concentration gradients based on Fick's Law; and molecular size affecting diffusion rates. The process of dermal exposure is outlined as initial uptake into the skin depending on solubility, followed by potential systemic uptake related to water solubility and molecular weight. Skin serves as a temporary depot for lipophilic chemicals, and washing can increase later absorption through hydration.
Partnered with fellow classmate Nathalia Barbosa to complete "Natural Gas Processing Plant Purification of Propane Proposal" using TK Solver & Matlab
Project Grade: A- which was the 2nd highest project grade in the entire Chem E class. Very proud!
(Note: Table 1 is missing & calculation sheets involving TK Solver is a separate file)
The document describes experiments to isolate and characterize acid phosphatase from wheat germ. It outlines the objectives, introduction, materials and methods used which included fractionating the wheat germ extract through ammonium sulfate precipitation and measuring protein concentration via BCA assay. The results showed the highest protein concentrations in Fractions II and V but SDS-PAGE analysis did not show clear bands, suggesting acid phosphatase was not successfully isolated. Possible sources of error are acknowledged.
The effect of S in diesel fuel on PM2.5 in medellínEnrique Posada
This presentation was given in Athens during the Air Pollution Conference in 2012. It deals with research made during the Sulfur change in the diesel fuel used in the Aburra Valley in Colombia
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
This document summarizes an experiment measuring the vapor-liquid equilibrium of a system containing acetone, methanol, and calcium bromide at different salt concentrations. The experiment used a modified Smith and Bonner still to collect vapor-liquid equilibrium and temperature data. Adding calcium bromide increased the acetone concentration in the vapor phase, indicating a preferential association between the salt and less volatile methanol. Activity coefficients were calculated from the experimental data.
Challenges of Analyzing Petrochemicals and Organic SolventsRyan Brennan
This document discusses optimizing an ICP system for analyzing organic solvents and oils. It recommends using a low uptake nebulizer, inline particle filter, and spray chamber designed for solvents. A temperature controlled nebulizer can maintain samples from -10 to -25°C, improving volatility. A demountable torch reduces costs and a dilution probe automates oil dilution and injection into the ICP for precise analysis of wear metals.
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacyiosrphr_editor
The document summarizes a study on the kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of propranolol by sodium-N-chloro-p-toluenesulphonamide (Chloramine-T or CAT) in sodium hydroxide medium. The key findings are:
1) The rate of reaction was first order with respect to CAT concentration, fractional order with respect to propranolol concentration, and zero order with respect to hydroxide ion concentration.
2) Addition of p-toluenesulphonamide, NaCl, and NaBr did not affect the reaction rate. Variation in ionic strength also did not affect the rate, indicating non-ionic species are involved in the rate-
This document summarizes a presentation given on criticality benchmarks for various annular core configurations of Japan's High Temperature Engineering Test Reactor (HTTR). It describes the objectives of benchmarking the HTTR, including developing models to support validation of very high temperature reactor designs. It provides details on the HTTR design specifications, fuel loading patterns for different core configurations, and results of uncertainty and sensitivity analyses. Calculated eigenvalues for different core designs were found to be within 1% of experimental values.
LC/MS has become the fastest growing analytical technique due to its advantages over other methods like its ability to provide molecular weight information through soft ionization, high sensitivity, robustness, wide range of applications across industries, and ability to handle various flow rates. It has evolved greatly from early interfaces like moving belt and dynamic FAB to widely used techniques like atmospheric pressure ionization. The technique is used across various markets like pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, environmental testing, and forensics due to its high sample throughput, short method development time, sensitivity, and ability to unambiguously identify compounds. The LC/MS market is predicted to continue growing rapidly through 2020.
Using DynoChem to Inform Experimental Design of Batch Crystallization. Rahn M...Scale-up Systems
The document discusses using modeling software to inform experimental design of batch crystallization processes. It presents two models - Model A acts as a "nucleation detector" to predict peak supersaturation without considering nucleation, while Model B solves the cooling or antisolvent addition curve. Case studies demonstrate how the models were used for optimization, robustness analysis, and scoping of new compounds. The models provide a simple tool to aid experimental design for scientists unfamiliar with crystallization kinetics.
This document provides information on a trial plot for planting kenaf using soil amendment fertilizer. It details the dates the plot was planted and fertilized. It also notes that using soil amendment fertilization methods and Taaveekun products can increase farmer incomes. The document recommends increasing the number of kenaf plants per hectare based on stem rather than tassel needs. It identifies weaknesses in the current planting approach such as fewer plants than recommended and areas lost to cattle grazing.
This document provides information on a trial plot for planting kenaf using soil amendment fertilizer. It details the dates the plot was established and fertilized. It also notes that using soil amendment fertilization methods and Taaveekun products can increase farmer incomes. The document recommends increasing the number of kenaf plants per hectare based on stem rather than grain needs. It identifies weaknesses in the current planting approach such as fewer plants than recommended and areas lost to cattle grazing.
This document describes the isolation, purification, and assay of wheat germ acid phosphatase. The objectives were to purify acid phosphatase from wheat germ and determine its protein concentration. Wheat germ was homogenized and centrifuged to obtain 6 fractions. A BCA assay was used to measure the protein concentration of each fraction at different dilutions. SDS-PAGE was also performed to analyze the purified samples. The highest protein concentrations were found in Fractions I, II and V.
The SRM suite software tools can be used to model a variety of combustion applications and fuels. It uses detailed chemical kinetics and can simulate processes like mixture preparation, combustion, and emissions formation. It has been validated against experimental data for fuels like gasoline, diesel, natural gas and more. The software coupling capabilities allow linking with 3D CFD codes to study effects like injection strategies. It has provided insights into advanced combustion modes and ways to reduce emissions from spark ignition and compression ignition engines.
The classic way to increase rate in LLDPE blown films is to add 10-25% LDPE. It works, but it compromises toughness. Now there is a new option. Blend less than 5% of TOPAS COC to achieve high rates and bubble stability, with very little impact on properties.
This document discusses the improved properties and cost efficiencies of cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) enhanced forming films. It finds that adding COC to forming film structures improves thermoformability and several key properties. Films with 15% or more COC showed significantly less gauge variation during forming, almost no shrinkage or "snapback" of formed cavities, and increased crush resistance compared to films without COC. The addition of COC allows for downgauging of films while maintaining performance, enabling cost savings through reduced material usage. Overall, incorporating COC delivers robust forming performance, dimensional stability, and potential cost reductions for thermoformed packaging applications.
The document provides nutritional information for 12-inch medium pizzas from a single pizza chain. It lists 14 different pizza varieties and provides values for calories, fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, carbohydrates and other metrics for a single slice of each type of pizza, which constitutes 1/8 of the whole pizza. The pizzas are grouped into three categories: pan, thin 'n crispy and hand-tossed style.
Polyamides, also known as nylons, were the first commercial synthetic polymers. Nylon 66 was the first synthetic fiber invented in 1935. This document discusses modifying polyamide 6 (PA6) through solid-state polymerization or solution polymerization to improve properties while retaining good mechanical properties. It examines two approaches - synthesizing multiblock polyesteramide copolymers from short PA and polyester blocks to enhance biodegradability, and incorporating a semi-aromatic nylon salt into the PA6 backbone to modify properties. The results of these studies on synthesis, properties, degradation and morphology are presented.
The document discusses biomarkers for assessing tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy. It begins by listing some of the thousands of chemicals found in tobacco smoke and electronic databases containing this information. It then discusses selecting smoke components for analysis based on their chemical, toxicological and pharmacological profiles. The document specifically examines NNAL, a metabolite of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine NNK. It describes NNAL's structure and metabolism, as well as analytical methods for quantifying NNAL and its glucuronide conjugates in urine using LC-MS/MS. The goals are to develop sensitive and rapid assays to measure smoke exposure from different sources during pregnancy and its effects on mothers and newborns.
The document reports on the standardization of a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution using potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) as the primary standard. It provides the results of three titrations that were used to calculate the concentration of NaOH, which averaged to 0.0971M. It also describes the calibration of a pH meter using buffer solutions and includes a table showing how the pH of a solution changed with increasing volumes of NaOH added during a potentiometric titration of a mixed acid.
Tests show that olefin plants (steam crackers) can diversify to biorenewable feeds without modifying their facilities or operations. And by doing this, they will help "sequester" CO2 into plastics.
This document discusses fundamentals of dermal exposure. It describes the structure of the skin, including the stratum corneum barrier layer. It explains three principles of dermal exposure: like dissolves like based on octanol-water partition coefficients; concentration gradients based on Fick's Law; and molecular size affecting diffusion rates. The process of dermal exposure is outlined as initial uptake into the skin depending on solubility, followed by potential systemic uptake related to water solubility and molecular weight. Skin serves as a temporary depot for lipophilic chemicals, and washing can increase later absorption through hydration.
Partnered with fellow classmate Nathalia Barbosa to complete "Natural Gas Processing Plant Purification of Propane Proposal" using TK Solver & Matlab
Project Grade: A- which was the 2nd highest project grade in the entire Chem E class. Very proud!
(Note: Table 1 is missing & calculation sheets involving TK Solver is a separate file)
The document describes experiments to isolate and characterize acid phosphatase from wheat germ. It outlines the objectives, introduction, materials and methods used which included fractionating the wheat germ extract through ammonium sulfate precipitation and measuring protein concentration via BCA assay. The results showed the highest protein concentrations in Fractions II and V but SDS-PAGE analysis did not show clear bands, suggesting acid phosphatase was not successfully isolated. Possible sources of error are acknowledged.
The effect of S in diesel fuel on PM2.5 in medellínEnrique Posada
This presentation was given in Athens during the Air Pollution Conference in 2012. It deals with research made during the Sulfur change in the diesel fuel used in the Aburra Valley in Colombia
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
This document summarizes an experiment measuring the vapor-liquid equilibrium of a system containing acetone, methanol, and calcium bromide at different salt concentrations. The experiment used a modified Smith and Bonner still to collect vapor-liquid equilibrium and temperature data. Adding calcium bromide increased the acetone concentration in the vapor phase, indicating a preferential association between the salt and less volatile methanol. Activity coefficients were calculated from the experimental data.
Challenges of Analyzing Petrochemicals and Organic SolventsRyan Brennan
This document discusses optimizing an ICP system for analyzing organic solvents and oils. It recommends using a low uptake nebulizer, inline particle filter, and spray chamber designed for solvents. A temperature controlled nebulizer can maintain samples from -10 to -25°C, improving volatility. A demountable torch reduces costs and a dilution probe automates oil dilution and injection into the ICP for precise analysis of wear metals.
1) The document reports analysis results from various plants and parameters including sweet gas, feed gas, lean gas, C2+, ethylene product, propylene product, quench oil, extruder pellets, drum waters, cooling waters, and ETP discharge.
2) Measurement parameters include composition percentages, flow rates, pH, conductivity, hardness, alkalinity, chlorides, silica, phosphates, and more.
3) Results are within specified ranges for all samples and parameters measured on July 31st, 2022.
This document outlines an experiment studying the ozonolysis of two alkenes: 2-methyl 2-butene and 2,3-dimethyl 2-butene. The experiment uses a flow reactor and cavity ring-down spectroscopy to measure reaction products. Initial results show peaks corresponding to expected products like carbonyls and Criegee intermediates. Further analysis and kinetic modeling is needed to constrain parameters and optimize agreement between experimental and simulated product yields. Future work includes improving ozone measurement and analyzing reactions of ozone and acetone byproducts.
Natural gas processing: Production of LPG Asma-ul Husna
This is a presentation on a process designed for a natural gas processing plant that can use NGL and condensate to produce LPG. The designed process yields a product with 50 percent of propane and 20 percent of butane, which meets the specification for a high quality LPG.
This document provides specifications for base oil SN 150-500, including typical physical characteristics and advantages. SN 150-500 has a light color with good solubility and oxidation stability. It has a high viscosity index and low volatility and odor. The kinematic viscosity and viscosity index are provided for each grade, along with other details like flash point, pour point, and sulfur content.
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacyiosrphr_editor
The document summarizes a study on the kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of propranolol by sodium-N-chloro-p-toluenesulphonamide (Chloramine-T or CAT) in sodium hydroxide medium. The key findings are:
1) The rate of reaction was first order with respect to CAT concentration, fractional order with respect to propranolol concentration, and zero order with respect to hydroxide ion concentration.
2) Addition of p-toluenesulphonamide, NaCl, and NaBr did not affect the reaction rate. Variation in ionic strength also did not affect the rate, indicating non-ionic species are involved in the rate-
Tsvaygboym, J Phys Chem C 2008 v112 pp 695-700nanotech2masses
This document summarizes research on the reaction of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with organic peroxides. The main findings are:
1) SWNTs induce the decomposition of benzoyl peroxide, p-methoxybenzoyl peroxide, phthaloyl peroxide, and trifluoroacetyl peroxide through single electron transfer, accelerating their decomposition rates.
2) Phthaloyl peroxide showed the greatest functionalization of SWNTs of the four peroxides tested.
3) t-Butoxy radicals were found to add to SWNTs, but SWNTs did not inhibit the autoxidation of cumene by alkylper
The document evaluates a new water soluble catalyst, Reaxis® C333, in two-component waterborne polyurethane coatings. Testing showed that C333 provided faster dry times and hardness compared to other catalysts. It also demonstrated good storage stability, selectivity for the NCO/OH reaction over NCO/water, and ability to cure under high humidity. The catalyst is soluble in both water and organic media, and provides advantages for 2K WB PU coatings in meeting VOC regulations while maintaining performance.
Similar to Combining Methods CAN/CGSB-3.0 and ASTM D-5580 in a Single GC Platform (16)
This poster shows an HPLC method which builds on the well-established potency method using the Shimadzu Cannabis Analyzer for Potency™, a comprehensive and fast determination of 21 cannabinoids in only 15 minutes (including the wash-step). Cannabinoid profiles for commercially available dry hemp and finished tinctures are presented.
It is widely known that toxic metals can be found in some foods because they are naturally present in the Earth’s crust and can be released as pollutants into the water and soil used to grow food and through the food manufacturing and packaging processes. Exposure to these metals at an early age has been linked to developmental problems, behavior issues, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The levels of toxic metals in baby foods are therefore more of a concern and require strict safety controls from raw materials to finished products. In this work, we explore and discuss the applicability of the Shimadzu inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (Shimadzu ICPMS-2030) to the quantification of As, Cd, Hg and Pb in selected baby foods at this very low limit ranges.
Many people pursue ideas of “efficiency” as an ideal for daily life; the same can be true in the HPLC laboratory. In this work, we demonstrate the efficiency, throughput, and reliability of a dual injection system for finished pharmaceutical products and in-process active pharmaceutical ingredients
In this study, analysis of DRO and ORO (C10-C40) were performed using a Shimadzu GC-FID equipped with fast temperature programmable (FTP) column that aim to significantly reduce the run time for this analysis.
Current sample preparation techniques for PFAS analysis are laborious and not easily automated. In this study, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was evaluated as an alternative sample preparation technique for the extraction of eighteen PFAS compounds from fish tissue, as a preconcentration step prior to their analysis by LC-MS/MS.
Infrared microscopy, also referred to as FTIR microscopy, is ideal for identification of trace evidence in forensics and characterizing small particles in wide varieties of other fields. Combining the accurate material and chemical identification of FTIR spectroscopy with the ability to focus directly on micro-sized particles, makes this an indispensable technique. This presentation provides a couple of examples related to drug analysis and identification of explosives.
This presentation reports on the development of a GC FID method to accurately quantify ethanol and IPA concentrations in two hand sanitizer samples. By using nitrogen as the carrier gas, this method is cost-effective and ensures the product compliance with CDC and USP guidelines and regulations.
The presence of Per- and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFAS) in drinking water is being thoroughly studied due to the persistence of these compounds in the environment and their potential health effects. However, there is limited knowledge about the occurrence of these chemicals in bottled water, despite the increasing concerns about PFAS in the food supply. This poster shows results from a fast and simple direct injection method similar to draft EPA method 8237, using the Shimadzu triple quad LCMS-8050 to analyze seven commercially available samples of bottled water for 24 PFAS.
This document summarizes the use of ion chromatography with electrolytically regenerated suppression for water analysis according to EPA Methods 300.0 and 300.1. It describes how a Shimadzu ion chromatography system was used to separate common anions like fluoride, chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate, as well as inorganic disinfection byproducts like chlorite, bromate, and chlorate. The system achieved excellent reproducibility and detection limits in the low ppb range using suppression to reduce background conductivity. Three methods were evaluated to determine the regulated anions.
Multi-layered materials are commonly used in various industries and may alter the mechanical, acoustic and optical properties of materials. Identifying the chemical composition of different layers by studying the cross section of a multi-layered film is important in research and development of composite materials. This presentation showcases the use of an FTIR microscope to acquire high-resolution data of the cross section of composite films. Analysis of the FTIR spectra helps to understand the formulation of different layers of polymer film.
Regardless of the source, assessing a crude oil or a fuel for unwanted or intentionally added elemental constituents is a critical part of a quality control protocol. This poster showcases the effectiveness of the ICPE-9820 for the analysis of three petrochemical samples according to ASTM D7111.
This document describes the development of a method to analyze 10 common seized drugs using a single quadrupole mass spectrometer. A LC-MS method was optimized to separate and detect the drugs simultaneously using selected ion monitoring and in-source collision-induced dissociation for identification. Linear calibration curves were obtained for each drug from 0.1-1 μg/mL. The method demonstrated reproducibility and accuracy for rapid screening of multiple drugs.
The growth of, and the confidence in, hemp products will require applicable testing to ensure product quality and safety. Chromatography technology will play a large role in this as the technique is used for potency testing. This study optimizes a quantitative chromatographic determination of 15 cannabinoids using the Shimadzu Hemp Analyzer.
This document evaluates the use of hydrogen (H2) carrier gas as an alternative to helium for the analysis of haloacetic acids (HAAs) according to EPA Method 552.3. Chromatograms of HAA standards using H2 were nearly identical to those using helium. Calibration curves for HAAs using H2 had coefficients of determination over 0.995. Accuracy and repeatability results using H2 met EPA requirements. Using H2 instead of helium reduces analysis costs by 2.69 to 6.15 times depending on gas purity, making H2 a suitable alternative carrier gas.
This document describes two UHPLC-PDA methods for analyzing vitamin E (tocopherol) isomers in e-liquid samples. A 10-minute gradient method separates e-liquid matrix, nicotine, cannabinoids, and three vitamin E isomers. A faster 5-minute isocratic method resolves only the vitamin E isomers. Calibration curves for the vitamin E isomers show good linearity (R2 > 0.999) over concentrations of 1-100 ppm. The methods were applied to analyze six e-liquid samples but did not detect any vitamin E. Coconut oil used in one sample was found to contain interfering compounds at lower detection wavelengths.
The hazardous impact of microplastics in aquatic environments calls for more scientific research to understand their occurrence, effects and mitigation strategies. This work describes the analysis of primary and secondary microplastics using FTIR and FTIR microscopy techniques.
Analysis for and quantification of sulfur in crude oil, natural gas, petrochemicals, and industrial chemicals is critical to ensuring quality, process control, and safety for refinery, processors, and users. Understanding the speciation and concentration of sulfur compounds is vital in the hydrocarbon processing industry. Gas chromatography with sulfur chemiluminescence detection (GC-SCD) is one of the most powerful tools for sulfur analysis of hydrocarbons. This poster showcases the use of a new SCD for analysis according to various ASTM methods.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed extractables and leachables from common food storage products using liquid chromatography high-accuracy mass spectrometry. Plastic bags, plastic cups, and aluminum foil were extracted using various solvents. A quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer identified potential extractable and leachable ions. Nineteen ions were tentatively identified based on accurate mass. Some compounds like docosanamide and erucamide were detected in plastic bags, while others like Irganox 1010/1310 were only in plastic cups or Octadecyl-m-t-butyl-p-hydroxyphenylpropionate only in aluminum foil. The identities were investigated using formula prediction and comparison
Multiple Federal and State Agencies (e.g. EPA, DOD, DEQs and DEPs) in the United States as well as international organizations (e.g. ASTM) are quickly publishing new analytical methodologies for PFAS monitoring and establishing more stringent limits. Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry-based detection is established as the most suitable technology for meeting the requirements from official methods released up to date for monitoring PFAS. A comparison of instruments’ performance was conducted in this work.
Using a custom script and robotic autosampler with syringe swap capability, a protocol was developed to automatically prepare calibration and check standards, perform internal standard addition, and perform headspace (HS) injections into a GCMS. This study presents the quantitative accuracy and reproducibility results of four analytes tested using GCMS in combination with the AOC-6000 multifunction robotic autosampler.
What is an RPA CoE? Session 1 – CoE VisionDianaGray10
In the first session, we will review the organization's vision and how this has an impact on the COE Structure.
Topics covered:
• The role of a steering committee
• How do the organization’s priorities determine CoE Structure?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
AppSec PNW: Android and iOS Application Security with MobSFAjin Abraham
Mobile Security Framework - MobSF is a free and open source automated mobile application security testing environment designed to help security engineers, researchers, developers, and penetration testers to identify security vulnerabilities, malicious behaviours and privacy concerns in mobile applications using static and dynamic analysis. It supports all the popular mobile application binaries and source code formats built for Android and iOS devices. In addition to automated security assessment, it also offers an interactive testing environment to build and execute scenario based test/fuzz cases against the application.
This talk covers:
Using MobSF for static analysis of mobile applications.
Interactive dynamic security assessment of Android and iOS applications.
Solving Mobile app CTF challenges.
Reverse engineering and runtime analysis of Mobile malware.
How to shift left and integrate MobSF/mobsfscan SAST and DAST in your build pipeline.
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024Northern Engraving
Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as “no strategy”. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If you’re wrong, it forces a correction. If you’re right, it helps create focus. I’ll share how I’ve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didn’t work so well.
"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor IvaniukFwdays
At this talk we will discuss DDoS protection tools and best practices, discuss network architectures and what AWS has to offer. Also, we will look into one of the largest DDoS attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure that happened in February 2022. We'll see, what techniques helped to keep the web resources available for Ukrainians and how AWS improved DDoS protection for all customers based on Ukraine experience
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/temporal-event-neural-networks-a-more-efficient-alternative-to-the-transformer-a-presentation-from-brainchip/
Chris Jones, Director of Product Management at BrainChip , presents the “Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transformer” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
The expansion of AI services necessitates enhanced computational capabilities on edge devices. Temporal Event Neural Networks (TENNs), developed by BrainChip, represent a novel and highly efficient state-space network. TENNs demonstrate exceptional proficiency in handling multi-dimensional streaming data, facilitating advancements in object detection, action recognition, speech enhancement and language model/sequence generation. Through the utilization of polynomial-based continuous convolutions, TENNs streamline models, expedite training processes and significantly diminish memory requirements, achieving notable reductions of up to 50x in parameters and 5,000x in energy consumption compared to prevailing methodologies like transformers.
Integration with BrainChip’s Akida neuromorphic hardware IP further enhances TENNs’ capabilities, enabling the realization of highly capable, portable and passively cooled edge devices. This presentation delves into the technical innovations underlying TENNs, presents real-world benchmarks, and elucidates how this cutting-edge approach is positioned to revolutionize edge AI across diverse applications.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/how-axelera-ai-uses-digital-compute-in-memory-to-deliver-fast-and-energy-efficient-computer-vision-a-presentation-from-axelera-ai/
Bram Verhoef, Head of Machine Learning at Axelera AI, presents the “How Axelera AI Uses Digital Compute-in-memory to Deliver Fast and Energy-efficient Computer Vision” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
As artificial intelligence inference transitions from cloud environments to edge locations, computer vision applications achieve heightened responsiveness, reliability and privacy. This migration, however, introduces the challenge of operating within the stringent confines of resource constraints typical at the edge, including small form factors, low energy budgets and diminished memory and computational capacities. Axelera AI addresses these challenges through an innovative approach of performing digital computations within memory itself. This technique facilitates the realization of high-performance, energy-efficient and cost-effective computer vision capabilities at the thin and thick edge, extending the frontier of what is achievable with current technologies.
In this presentation, Verhoef unveils his company’s pioneering chip technology and demonstrates its capacity to deliver exceptional frames-per-second performance across a range of standard computer vision networks typical of applications in security, surveillance and the industrial sector. This shows that advanced computer vision can be accessible and efficient, even at the very edge of our technological ecosystem.
“How Axelera AI Uses Digital Compute-in-memory to Deliver Fast and Energy-eff...
Combining Methods CAN/CGSB-3.0 and ASTM D-5580 in a Single GC Platform
1. Combining Methods CAN/CGSB-3.0 and
ASTM D-5580 in a Single GC Platform
Zhuangzhi ‘Max’ Wang, PhD, Richard Whitney, PhD, Clifford M.
Taylor, Nicole Lock, Laura Chambers, GCMS Product Manager,
Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Columbia, MD, USA, 800-477-
1227, www.ssi.shimadzu.com
2. Introduction
To improve productivity and lower the capital cost, a single gas chromatograph has
been configured to perform two standard methods: CAN/CGSB-3.0 and ASTM D-5580.
Detailed hydrocarbon (DHA) analysis of automotive gasoline has become a routine gas
chromatographic method. The Canadian standard CAN/CGSB-3.0 requires cryogenic
temperature programing to provide better separation of early-eluting components than
conventional non-cryogenic DHA measurements. Determination of aromatics in the
presence of methanol and ethanol is also an important requirement for bio-ethanol;
method ASTM D-5580 is the standard method for this analysis.
In this work, the two applications have been successfully integrated into one GC. The
methods of three tests – one for CAN/CGSB-3.0 and two for ASTM D-5580, can be
switched smoothly with minimum effort. Automated software control provides
separation of hydrocarbons in groups and reporting of the results for method
CAN/CGSB-3.0. Repeatability (%RSD) of ASTM D-5580 was less than 1.2% for
analysis No. 1, and less than 1.8% for analysis No. 2.
This configuration is not limited to motor gasoline analysis though; it can be applied to
other finished products such as blend alcohol and other new green energy products.
4. Canadian PONA Method CAN/CGSB-3.0
Objective
Separation of hydrocarbons into types
Paraffins, Olefins, Naphthene,
Aromatics
Separation of each type according to
carbon number
Method
Single capillary column separation of all
components, followed by grouping with
a post-run program - PONA Solution
5. Canadian PONA Experimental
Column: Rtx-1 PONA 100mX0.25mmX0.5µm
Sample: Premium Gas
Carrier Gas: He, Linear velocity: 25.6cm/sec
Split ratio: 270, Gas Saver: On (split ratio 270 to 5
after 5min)
Injector temperature: SPL 275˚C
Oven Temperature: 0˚C hold 15min, 1˚C/min to
50˚C, 2˚C/min to 130˚C, 4˚C/min to 270˚C
Detector: FID 300 ˚C
Injection volume: 0.5 µL
8. Canadian PONA Report
Hydrocarbon Retention
Sample name Premium Gas
Peak Name Type Time % by Mass % by Mole % by Volume
Sample ID Premium Gas
Isobutane P 8.66 0.09 0.091 0.121
Operater Admin
1-Butene X 9.44 0.019 0.018 0.023
ID table CanadianPONA
Isobutene O 9.48 0.013 0.013 0.016
Comments Premium Gas
n-Butane A 9.83 0.88 0.889 1.132
Sampling date 2/21/2012
trans-2-Butene X 10.3 0.054 0.053 0.064
Analysis date 4/6/2011
cis-2-Butene O 11.02 0.062 0.06 0.072
Identified peaks [323/367]
3-Methyl-1-butene O 13.15 0.087 0.085 0.1
Total area 19776176
Isopentane O 14.71 5.616 5.636 6.72
1-Pentene P 16.34 0.262 0.256 0.295
Hydrocarbon Type % by Mass % by Mole % by Volume
2-Methyl-1-butene O 17.17 0.451 0.44 0.5
Paraffins 3.81 3.80 4.46
n-Pentane P 17.68 1.337 1.342 1.585
Isoparaffins 39.31 39.49 42.53
trans-2-Pentene P 18.78 1.042 1.017 1.161
Olefins 11.37 11.66 12.14
cis-2-Pentene O 19.79 0.495 0.483 0.544
Naphthenes 4.97 5.09 4.79
2-Methyl-2-butene N 20.44 1.267 1.236 1.379
Aromatics 29.53 31.95 25.11
"2,2-Dimethylbutane" O 22.51 0.406 0.405 0.461
Oxygenates 11.02 8.01 10.99
Cyclopentene O 25.07 0.205 0.195 0.186
4-Methyl-1-pentene O 26.24 0.038 0.038 0.042
Density(15deg) 0.75 g/cm3
3-Methyl-1-pentene O 26.32 0.069 0.067 0.074
Average molecular
Cyclopentane P 26.85 0.254 0.248 0.247
weight 99.34
"2,3-Dimethylbutane" O 27.58 1.397 1.395 1.561
Reseach Octane Number 89.79
Vapor Methyl-tert-butylether O 27.98 7.979 10.963 10.937
pressure(37.78deg) 41.56 kPa "2,3-Dimethyl-1-butene" P 28.45 0.031 0.03 0.033
2-Methylpentane P 28.63 2.516 2.513 2.846
trans-4-Methyl-2-pentene P 29.08 0.133 0.13 0.144
3-Methylpentane X 31.17 1.546 1.543 1.719
2-Methyl-1-pentene A 32.33 0.194 0.19 0.206
1-Hexene X 32.55 0.087 0.085 0.094
9. ASTM D5580-02
Scope:
Determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene,
xylenes, C9 and heavier aromatics, and total
aromatics
Sample:
Finished motor gasoline
10. Two Step Analysis
No.1
Determination of benzene and toluene, with 2-
Hexanone as internal standard; backflush C8+
aromatics and hydrocarbons
No.2
Determination of ethylbenzene, xylenes, and C9+
aromatics, with 2-Hexanone as internal standard
11. ASTM D-5580 Experimental
INJ Temp: 200 °C, Carrier Gas: He, Flow Control Mode:
Pressure, INJ Pressure: 160KPa, TCEP Column Flow: 10
mL/min, Rtx-1 column flow: 10 mL/min, Split vent flow: 100
mL/min, Purge Flow: 1mL/min, Split Ratio: 11:1
Valve Box Temp: 80.0°C
Oven1 Temp: 40.0 °C hold 6 min, 2 °C /min to 80 °C, 3
°C/min to 115 °C hold 2.33 min
FID Temp: 250 °C, Makeup Gas: He, Makeup Flow:
20.0mL/min, H2 Flow: 40.0mL/min, Air Flow: 400.0mL/min.
TCD Temp: 200 °C, Makeup Gas: He, Makeup Flow: 8
mL/min, Current: 60 mA
T1: 1.8 min, T2: 6.2 min, T3: 21.0 min, T4: 30.0 min
19. Conclusions
Mechanical valve-based multidimensional GC-2010 Plus has
successfully achieved ASTM D5580 requirements.
Excellent retention time stability allows for the ease of
determining backflush times.
Excellent qualitative and quantitative results.
In addition to ASTM D-5580 method, a separate analytical
line has been incorporated to be able to run Canadian PONA
analysis on the same GC, which has lowered instrumentation
cost and improved productivity.
20. Acknowledgements
Mr. Mohamed Salem and Mr. Patrick Armstrong
(Shimadzu R&D group) developed Canadian
PONA software.
Mr. Inoye Tataaki and Mr. Ryosuke Kamae
(Shimadzu Japan) developed and supported
PONASolution software.