This document discusses sewage collection and treatment. It defines sewage as wastewater produced from domestic and industrial sources. Sewage is collected through sewer pipe networks and transported to treatment plants. The main functions of sewerage systems are to protect water quality and public health by conveying sewage away from homes and businesses to be treated before being returned to the environment. Proper sewage collection and treatment is necessary to prevent water pollution and public health issues.

1. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING II
CE (PC) 505
NAME: AYANDEEP KUMAR
ROLL NO: 25701322081
SEMESTER: 5TH
DEPARTMENT: CIVIL ENGINEERING
CAMELIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT

2. WHAT IS SEWAGE
Sewage is a type of wastewater that is produced from a
community of people. Nowadays commonly termed as domestic
wastewater or municipal wastewater which is characterized by
volume or rate of flow, physical condition, chemical and toxic
constituents, and its bacteriologic status (which organisms it
contains and in what quantities). It consists mostly of
greywater (from sinks, tubs, showers, dishwashers, and clothes
washers), blackwater (the water used to flush toilets, combined
with the human waste that it flushes away); soaps and
detergents; and toilet paper (less so in regions where bidets are
widely used instead of paper).

3. CONTEXT OF SEWAGE
Sewage usually travels from a building's plumbing either into a
sewer, which will carry it elsewhere, or into an onsite sewage
facility (of which there are many kinds). Whether it is
combined with surface runoff in the sewer depends on the
sewer design (sanitary sewer or combined sewer). The reality
is, however, that most wastewater produced globally remains
untreated causing widespread water pollution, especially in
low-income countries: A global estimate by UNDP and UN-
Habitat is that 90% of all wastewater generated is released into
the environment untreated. In many developing countries the
bulk of domestic and industrial wastewater is discharged
without any treatment or after primary treatment only.

4. SEWAGE FLOW NETWORK

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF SEWAGE
 Physical characteristics of sewage
 Chemical characteristics of sewage
 Biological characteristics of sewage

6. DISCUSSION ON CHARACTERISTICS OF SEWAGE
 Physical characteristics of sewage
i. Temperature
ii. Colour
iii. Odour
iv. Turbidity
 Chemical characteristics of sewage
i. Organic matter
ii. Chloride
iii. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)
iv. Dissolved oxygen (DO)
v. pH
vi. Nitrogen

7. DISCUSSION ON CHARACTERISTICS OF SEWAGE
 Biological characteristics of sewage
i. Bacteria
Intestinal bacteria
Real sewage bacteria
ii. Algae
iii. Fungi
iv. Virus
v. Protozoa

8. TYPICAL TYPES OF SEWAGE

9. COLLECTION OF SEWAGE
Collection of sewage prevents surface environmental
contamination as well as seepage into groundwater and
contamination of local water sources. Sewage contains
bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and other pathogens that can
cause serious disease; treatment entails killing the
pathogenic organisms present in the sewage.
A system of sewer pipes collects sewage and takes it for
treatment or disposal. This system of sewers is called
sewerage or sewerage system.
Where a main sewerage system has not been provided,
sewage may be collected from homes by pipes into
septic tanks where it may be treated or collected in
vehicles and taken for treatment or disposal

10. METHODS OF COLLECTION OF SEWAGE
A sewage system is typically designed by various underground channels to carry
wastewater discharged by localities. The collection system is configured with
pipes, manhole drains, holding basins, catch basins, inlets, and pimp stations
that can move sewage from the collection point to discharge.
Combined System
A combined collection system carries both storm and domestic wastewater.
This collection system is typically constructed with pipelines or tunnels of
wide diameter. However, in rainy seasons, this system sometimes fails as
water treatment plants cannot treat a heavy volume of storm sewage.
Separate System
In relatively newer cities, separate wastewater systems that carry domestic
and storm wastewater separately are found. The surface runoff sewage or
stormwater is disposed of in open water streams like a river. Smallholding
basins or catch basins can be installed for heavy water flow during wet
seasons. However, domestic wastewater is directed to a treatment plant.

11. WHAT IS A SEWARAGE SYSTEM

12. WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE SEWERAGE SYSTEM
The main function of a sanitary sewer system is to protect water
quality and public health. A series of underground pipes and
manholes, pumping stations, and other appurtenances convey
sewage from homes, businesses and industries to wastewater
treatment plants where it is cleaned and returned to the
environment.
The storm sewer system collects rain and melting snow, referred
to as runoff. The water flows through pipes and manholes,
ditches, swales, and other conveyance methods. Most
stormwater is diverted directly to local streams and waterways
without treatment

13. NECESSITY OF SEWAGE COLLECTION & TREATMENT
One of the fundamental principles of sanitation of the community is
to remove all decomposable matter, solid waste, liquid or gaseous
away from the premises of dwellings as fast as possible after it is
produced, to a safe place , without causing any nuisance and dispose
it in a suitable manner so as to make it permanently harmless.
Sanitation though motivated primarily for meeting the ends of
preventive health has come to be recognized as a way of life. While
provision of potable drinking water takes precedence in the order of
provision of Environmental Engineering Services, the importance of
sewerage system cannot be last sight and cannot be allowed to lag
behind, as all the water used by the community has to flow back as
the sewage loaded with the wastes of community living , unless
properly collected , treated and disposed off , this would create a
serious water pollution problems.

14. CONCLUSION
In conclusion & going through this presentation we have
discussed the detailed study on Collection of Sewage along
with it’s application and suitability.
Hope this may help you all to enlarge the knowledge
about the topic.

15. REFERENCES
Wikipedia
britannica.com
netsolwater.com
testbook.com