This document discusses factors to consider when collecting data, including the object and scope of inquiry, sources of information, and unit of collection. It describes primary and secondary data, as well as methods for collecting each type. Primary data collection methods include direct personal investigation, indirect oral investigation, and questionnaires. Secondary data can come from published sources like reports and unpublished sources. The document contrasts primary and secondary data and outlines important data collection agencies and methods like census and sampling. It concludes with qualities of an ideal questionnaire and factors to consider when deciding between census and sampling methods.

1. COLLECTION OF DATA
S.Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

2. S.Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

3. Factors to be considered
before the collection of
data
 Object and scope of the enquiry
 Sources of information
 Quantitative expression
 Techniques of data collection
 Unit of collection
S.Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

4. Sources of Data
 Internal sources
 External sources
Primary data
Secondary data
S.Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

5. S.Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

6. Methods of collecting the
primary Data
 Direct personal investigation
 Indirect oral investigation
 Investigation through mailed questionnaire
 Investigation through local questionnaire
S.Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

7. S.Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

8. Methods of collecting
Secondary Data
 Published sources –international publication
,government publications ,reports of
commissions and committees, semi-
government
publication,commercial,research, educational
institution, unions, originations….
 Unpublished sources
S.Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

9. Precautions
 Motive of enquiry
 The investigator
 Methods of collection
 The time of enquiry
 Causes of sampling method
 Comparisons and examination
S.Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

10. Points of difference Primary Data Secondary Data
originality original These are collected by
original investigator but it
used by others become
secondary
Accuracy Accurate These may not be
accurate as may be
required
Need for modification No Need YES
precaution No precaution Precaution is necessary as
this has been collected by
some one else.
Cost Costlier Less costlier
S.Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

11. Important Data collection
Agencies
 Census of india
 National Sample Survey Organization
 Central Statistical organization
 Registrar General of India
 DirectorateGeneral of Commercial
Intelligence and Statistics
 Labour Bureau …
S.Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

12. Methods of collecting Data
 Census method
 Sample method
S.Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

13. Errors of census
 Measurement error
 Mishandling of questionnaire
 Non response error
 Arithmetic error
 Recording error
S.Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

14. Sampling methods
 Random sampling- lottery method,Tippet’s
methods, arrangement of units in certain
order
 Deliberate sampling methods
 Stratified sampling methods
 Quota sampling
 Systematic sampling methods
S.Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

15. points Census method Sampling method
Period old new
Methods of collection Whole universe Representative
Labour more Less
Organisational skill More Less
Usefulness In heterogeneous -can
be easily used
Less
Number of investigator More Less
Accuracy Accurate Not so high degree
Reliability Greater Lesser
Cost More Less
Scientific Less Scientific
Follow-up difficult It is easy
time less
S.Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

16. S.Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

17. Qualities of an ideal
questionnaire
 Simple and clear explanation
 Questions should be properly sequenced
 Questions should be directly related
 ‘yes’ or ‘no’ questions
 Personal questions should be brief
S.Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

18. Which method ?
 The size of universe
 The purpose of enquiry
 The cost
 The usefulness of the data so collected
 The nature of enquiry
 The accuracy required.
S.Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

19. Any questions ?
S.Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,