The document discusses cognitive theory and its application in education. It defines cognitive theory as how humans generate knowledge through developing cognitive abilities like analysis, reflection, and evaluation. It describes key figures in cognitive development theory like Piaget and Vygotsky and how they viewed cognitive stages and scaffolding. It provides guidance for teachers and students in applying cognitive theory, such as engaging students in varied activities and allowing time for peer tutoring. The author's philosophy emphasizes letting students seek their own answers and exploring strengths and weaknesses.

2. Table of Contents
0 Definition
0 Important Figures
0 Cognitive Theory in Action
0 Author’s Education Philosophy

3. Definition of Cognitive Theory
0 Humans generate
knowledge & meaning from
development of cognitive
abilities
0 Cognition is
0 Recognition
0 Recollection
0 Analysis
0 Reflection
0 Application
0 Creation
0 Evaluation
0 Understanding

4. Definition of Cognitive Theory
0 Learner requires assistance
in learning
0 Purpose of education is to
develop cognitive abilities
0 Learner requires
scaffolding to develop
schema
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5. Important Figures
0 Jean Piaget
0 Cognitive Development
Theory
0 Focus on sequential
development
0 No skipping steps
0 Ability to learn is at level
with child’s stage in
development
0 Characteristics lead to
different types of
thinking

6. Important Figures
0 Lev Vygotsky
0 Thought development is
sequential & dependent on
language
0 Theory known as schema
formation
0 Zone of Proximal
Development
0 Scaffolding + sequence =
cognitive learning
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7. Cognitive Theory in Action
0 For Teachers
0 Have students engage in
activities associated with
the lesson
0 Provide peer tutoring time
0 Devise different ways to
present a lesson if students
are having trouble
understanding
0 Make effort not to
overwhelm or underwhelm
students with information
they are not at a stage to
process yet

8. Cognitive Theory in Action
0 For Students
0 Learn lessons and
information from a variety
of factors
0 Engage in metacognitive
activities in relation to the
material
0 Ask for help if they do not
understand a topic
0 Develop cognitive ability
through education
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9. Author’s Philosophy
0 Children should be
allowed to seek their
own answers.
0 Students can learn in a
variety of ways.
0 Lectures are not always
the best for everyone
0 The purpose of education
is to develop the minds
of children

10. Author’s Philosophy
0 Students should be allowed to
explore their strengths and
weaknesses in the classroom.
0 A teacher is a moderator and a
ladder to success for his or her
students.
0 If students are excited about
the subject matter, they will
more readily be able to retain
information and discover
relativity to their lives.
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