Codes are rules that must be followed in filmmaking, such as establishing shots, production logos, and narrative content. Conventions do not have to be followed strictly, such as flashbacks, narration, action scenes, chase scenes, compilation of photographs, and enigma. Some examples of codes in films include establishing shots at the beginning of scenes to set the context, and production logos used by studios to brand their content. Examples of conventions include flashback scenes that interrupt the present narrative to show the past, and narration that can be used to tell the story.

1. Codes and Conventions
Code : are the rules to follow
Where as
Conventions : Do not have to be followed

2. Opening Sequence
 What is an opening sequence in films ?
A title sequence also called an opening sequence or intro is the method by
which films or television programs present their title, key production and cast
members, utilizing conceptual visuals and sound.
Movies like:
1. Guardians of the galaxy
2. Raiders of the lost Art
3. Touch of Evil
4. Munna Bhai M.B.B.S
5. Rang De Basanti
6. Andaz Apna Apna
7. Sanju

3. Flashback
 What are Flashbacks in films ?
A flashback in a book or film is when the current plot is interrupted so that a scene which previously
occurred can be shared with the reader. ... Examples of Flashback: In a story about a girl who is
afraid of heights, there is a flashback to a time when she fell off of the top of a playground as a young
child.
Flashbacks are conventions meaning they do not have to be followed
Examples of flashbacks in some movies:
1.Sanju
2.3 idiots
3. Titanic
4.Rapunzel
5.Ratatouile
6.Okja
7.Wormwood
8.Jagga jasoos
9.Wild at Heart
10.The Grand Budapest Hotel
11. Life of Pi

4. Planning of Establishing shot (code)
What does planning of establishing shot mean ?
It is generally a long or extreme-long shot at the beginning of a scene indicating where, and
sometimes when, the remainder of the scene takes place. Establishing shots were more
common during the classical era of filmmaking than they are now.
An establishing shot in filmmaking and television production sets up, or establishes the
context for a scene by showing the relationship between its important figures and objects. ...
Establishing shots were more common during the classical era of filmmaking than they are
now.
Establishing shot is a code because before making a film u have to first decide the
establishing shot where the place in example in a farm house river etc when the time
morning day and where the character is such as :

5. Narration (convention)
 What is Narration in films?
Narration in Films. Narrative is generally accepted as possessing two components: (1) the
story presented and (2) the process of its telling, or narration, often referred to as
narrative discourse.
Narrative film, fictional film or fiction film is a film that tells a fictional or fictionalized
story, event or narrative. In this style of film, believable narratives and characters help
convince the audience that the unfolding fiction is real.
1. Black panther
2. Aqua man
3. Alpha
4. Parwaaz Hai Junoon

6. List of Narrative Movies
 Hum tum
 Dangal
 Dil Dhadakne do
 Barfi
 Sanju
 Tamasha
 Yeh jawaani Hai Deewani
 Raees
 Sultan
 Race 2
 Titanic

7. Action scene in films (conventions)
 What do we mean by action scenes in films
An action movie is a film in which a lot of dangerous and exciting things happen. An
action hero is the main character in one of these films.
Examples of movies with action scenes:
1. The Matrix Reloaded—Neo vs
2. Atomic Blonde—Apartment Fight
3 .The Bourne Ultimatum—Bathroom Fight
4. Anchorman—The New steam Brawl
5. Captain America: The Winter Soldier—That Elevator Fight
6. The Protector—Endless Staircase Fight
7. Race 3
8. Simmba

8. CHASE SCENE (conventions)
 What is a chase scene in movies
The fast-moving scenes of the car chase, typically found in action films, very often
feature high-speed maneuvering, crashes, and point-of-view perspectives to
enhance the action.
Examples of movies which have chase scenes are :
“The French Connection” (1971) 20th Century Fox.
“Bullitt” (1968) Warner Bros.
“Ronin” (1998) MGM.
“To Live and Die in L.A.” (1985) MGM.
“The Blues Brothers” (1980) Universal.
“Vanishing Point” (1971)
“Mad Max 2: The Road Warrior” (1981)
“Terminator 2: Judgment Day” (1991)

9. Production logos (code)
 Why is a production logo important in movies
A production logo, vanity card, vanity plate, or vanity logo is a logo used by
movie studios and television production companies to brand what they produce
and to determine the production company and the distributor of a television
show or film.

10. Animation (code)
 What is Animation in movies
Animated Films are ones in which individual drawings, paintings, or illustrations are
photographed frame by frame (stop-frame cinematography). Usually, each frame
differs slightly from the one preceding it, giving the illusion of movement when
frames are projected in rapid succession at 24 frames per second.
Examples of Animated fims are:
Pinocchio" (1940)
"Finding Nemo" (2003)
"Up" (2009)
"Toy Story 2" (1999)
. "Toy Story 3" (2010) Pixar.
. "Zootopia" (2016) Disney.
. "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" (1937)
"Inside Out" (2015) Pixar.
Enchanted (2007)

11. Compilation of Photographs(convention)
 What do we understand by compilation of photographs
A compilation is an arrangement of existing material and doesn't have to be your
own work. You can copyright a compilation of someone else's public domain
photographs or music, for instance. ... Using copyrighted material without
permission is still illegal, even in a compilation.
Examples of compilation of photographs
Movies :
1.Blue Valentine
2.Hop
3.Teens

12. Narrative content(code)
 Narrative structure is about two things: the content of a story and the form
used to tell the story. Two common ways to describe these two parts of
narrative structure are story and plot. Story refers to the raw materials of
dramatic action as they might be described in chronological order.
1. Before Sunrise
2. The rocket
3. My Father My Lord
4. Tape
5. Boyhood
6. Kapoor And Sons
7. Pink

13. Sound Track (Code)Develops the themes
of the film )
 What is a soundtrack?
A recording of the musical accompaniment of a film.
EXAMPLES in films:
A Star Is Born
Cold War
Black Panther
Suspiria
You Were Never Really Here

14. Engima(convention)
 What is enigma in films ?
The Imitation Game (2014)
Valkyrie (2008)
U-571 (2000)
Enigma (2001)
The Oxford Murders (2008)
All the Queen's Men (2001)
In Enemy Hands (2004)
Enigma (1982)