Cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant derived from the coca plant. It has been used for centuries in South America but became widely popular in the late 19th century. Cocaine can be consumed in several ways including snorting, rubbing on gums, injecting, and smoking crack cocaine. Cocaine is highly addictive and use can lead to numerous negative health effects such as increased heart rate, seizures, strokes, and overdose. Long term use changes the brain's reward system and makes it very difficult to stop using cocaine.
Cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant drug derived from the coca plant native to South America. It exists in both a water-soluble hydrochloride salt form, which is usually snorted or injected, and a water-insoluble cocaine base form known as crack cocaine, which is smoked. Cocaine provides short-term euphoric effects by increasing dopamine levels in the brain, but long-term use can lead to severe health issues and addiction. There are currently no FDA-approved medications to treat cocaine addiction, though behavioral therapies and therapeutic communities are utilized. Cocaine use has significant societal costs, with billions spent annually and thousands of deaths each year in the United States.
Cocaine is derived from the coca plant and is a highly addictive stimulant. It is commonly snorted, smoked, or injected. Cocaine causes a short-term "high" by flooding the brain with dopamine but is followed by feelings of depression. Long-term cocaine use can lead to cardiovascular issues, strokes, seizures and cognitive impairment. While small possession can lead to jail time, large-scale drug trafficking often faces only fines, highlighting the need for reform of anti-drug policies.
Cocaine is a highly addictive stimulant drug derived from the coca plant. It is classified as a Schedule II drug due to its high potential for abuse and ability to produce short-term effects like euphoria and increased energy. Long-term cocaine use can lead to increased tolerance, severe medical complications involving the heart and brain, and psychological issues like paranoia and psychosis. While millions of Americans use cocaine each year, trafficking remains a serious problem, with cocaine as the second most trafficked drug worldwide according to the document.
This document discusses cocaine addiction, its effects, and treatment options. It defines addiction and describes the short-term and long-term physical and psychological effects of cocaine use. Short-term effects include increased heart rate and blood pressure, while long-term effects involve permanent damage to organs and increased risk of health problems. The document also outlines pharmacological and behavioral treatment approaches. Pharmacological treatments aim to reduce cocaine cravings and use with medications, though none are FDA-approved. Behavioral therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy and contingency management have shown effectiveness in reducing cocaine abuse.
The document discusses the short-term and long-term effects of cocaine use. The short-term effects include increased heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. The long-term effects include health issues like infections, malnutrition, and dependence. It provides statistics on cocaine use in America and lists some common street names for cocaine, warning that cocaine can seriously damage the body and advising people not to use it.
MD. Adil completed an investigatory project on drug addiction under the guidance of Mrs. Shipra. The project acknowledges those who provided assistance and includes an index of topics covered. It discusses various types of drug abuse like heroin, cocaine, crack, hallucinogens, cannabinoids, and alcohol. The causes of addiction are explored as well as the effects on organs like the lungs and brain. Diagnosis methods and case studies of five patients are presented. The treatment of addiction includes options like counseling and detoxification. Lastly, the conclusion emphasizes that drug use causes disease and disability worldwide.
Cocaine vs. Caffeine: What's the Buzz About?Feba Joseph
This presentation, "Cocaine vs. Caffeine: What's the Buzz About?", compares two stimulants within an Australian context. It discusses cocaine as an illegal substance with severe health risks and societal impacts, and contrasts it with caffeine—a legally consumed stimulant integral to Australian coffee culture. The effects, health implications, and societal views of each are explored to highlight their differences in legality, acceptance, and health outcomes. The presentation concludes by encouraging informed choices and awareness of how these substances affect individual and community health.
This document summarizes the history and health effects of cocaine use. It discusses how cocaine was originally used by indigenous South Americans and was later promoted in the late 1800s before becoming illegal. It was a key ingredient in Coca-Cola until 1906. The document outlines the main methods of cocaine use and associated short and long-term health risks. It also notes the racial disparities in crack cocaine convictions and addresses some of the psychological factors that can contribute to cocaine addiction.
Cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant drug derived from the coca plant native to South America. It exists in both a water-soluble hydrochloride salt form, which is usually snorted or injected, and a water-insoluble cocaine base form known as crack cocaine, which is smoked. Cocaine provides short-term euphoric effects by increasing dopamine levels in the brain, but long-term use can lead to severe health issues and addiction. There are currently no FDA-approved medications to treat cocaine addiction, though behavioral therapies and therapeutic communities are utilized. Cocaine use has significant societal costs, with billions spent annually and thousands of deaths each year in the United States.
Cocaine is derived from the coca plant and is a highly addictive stimulant. It is commonly snorted, smoked, or injected. Cocaine causes a short-term "high" by flooding the brain with dopamine but is followed by feelings of depression. Long-term cocaine use can lead to cardiovascular issues, strokes, seizures and cognitive impairment. While small possession can lead to jail time, large-scale drug trafficking often faces only fines, highlighting the need for reform of anti-drug policies.
Cocaine is a highly addictive stimulant drug derived from the coca plant. It is classified as a Schedule II drug due to its high potential for abuse and ability to produce short-term effects like euphoria and increased energy. Long-term cocaine use can lead to increased tolerance, severe medical complications involving the heart and brain, and psychological issues like paranoia and psychosis. While millions of Americans use cocaine each year, trafficking remains a serious problem, with cocaine as the second most trafficked drug worldwide according to the document.
This document discusses cocaine addiction, its effects, and treatment options. It defines addiction and describes the short-term and long-term physical and psychological effects of cocaine use. Short-term effects include increased heart rate and blood pressure, while long-term effects involve permanent damage to organs and increased risk of health problems. The document also outlines pharmacological and behavioral treatment approaches. Pharmacological treatments aim to reduce cocaine cravings and use with medications, though none are FDA-approved. Behavioral therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy and contingency management have shown effectiveness in reducing cocaine abuse.
The document discusses the short-term and long-term effects of cocaine use. The short-term effects include increased heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. The long-term effects include health issues like infections, malnutrition, and dependence. It provides statistics on cocaine use in America and lists some common street names for cocaine, warning that cocaine can seriously damage the body and advising people not to use it.
MD. Adil completed an investigatory project on drug addiction under the guidance of Mrs. Shipra. The project acknowledges those who provided assistance and includes an index of topics covered. It discusses various types of drug abuse like heroin, cocaine, crack, hallucinogens, cannabinoids, and alcohol. The causes of addiction are explored as well as the effects on organs like the lungs and brain. Diagnosis methods and case studies of five patients are presented. The treatment of addiction includes options like counseling and detoxification. Lastly, the conclusion emphasizes that drug use causes disease and disability worldwide.
Cocaine vs. Caffeine: What's the Buzz About?Feba Joseph
This presentation, "Cocaine vs. Caffeine: What's the Buzz About?", compares two stimulants within an Australian context. It discusses cocaine as an illegal substance with severe health risks and societal impacts, and contrasts it with caffeine—a legally consumed stimulant integral to Australian coffee culture. The effects, health implications, and societal views of each are explored to highlight their differences in legality, acceptance, and health outcomes. The presentation concludes by encouraging informed choices and awareness of how these substances affect individual and community health.
This document summarizes the history and health effects of cocaine use. It discusses how cocaine was originally used by indigenous South Americans and was later promoted in the late 1800s before becoming illegal. It was a key ingredient in Coca-Cola until 1906. The document outlines the main methods of cocaine use and associated short and long-term health risks. It also notes the racial disparities in crack cocaine convictions and addresses some of the psychological factors that can contribute to cocaine addiction.
This document provides information about cocaine. It begins by describing cocaine as a crystalline alkaloid prepared from coca leaves that is odorless, white and bitter. It then discusses cocaine's classification as a schedule II drug and its most harmful forms. The document outlines cocaine's mechanisms of action, routes of administration, effects on the body including the central nervous system, respiratory system and cardiovascular system. It also covers cocaine addiction, treatment including psychosocial and behavioral therapies as well as medications.
The document is a report on drug addiction submitted by Komal Prasad Pandey. It discusses various topics related to drug addiction including an acknowledgement, certificate, index, aim and objectives, classification of drugs, effects of commonly used drugs like heroin, cannabis and cocaine. It also discusses how drug addiction begins and the short-term and long-term effects of drug use. The report separately discusses smoking, drinking and use of drugs and their social and health impacts. It provides details on tobacco, its sources, modes of use and effects. Similarly, it discusses alcohol, its reasons for drinking, impact on health, and sources and modes of use. The report concludes by always advising people to say no to drugs.
Sanya Verma, a class 12 student at Ahlcon International School, completed an investigatory biology project on drug addiction. The project included a certificate of completion signed by her teacher, Mrs. Navleen Chopra, acknowledging her successful completion. It also included an acknowledgment thanking various people who helped her, including her lab assistant and parents. The project contained sections on the causes, effects, diagnosis and treatment of drug addiction and included case studies of 5 patients with addiction. It concluded that drug use causes significant disease and disability worldwide and emphasized the importance of workplace safety and productivity in examining issues related to substance use.
Cocaine comes from the coca plant in South America. It was once used as an ingredient in Coca-Cola and as a painkiller. Today, cocaine is illegal but can be prescribed after surgery. Cocaine is commonly snorted, rubbed on gums, or injected and can lead to both short term effects like increased heart rate and breathing as well as long term effects like heart and lung damage. Mixing cocaine with other substances like alcohol or heroin increases health risks.
The document summarizes the dangers of cocaine use. It provides statistics on cocaine use in the US, such as over 2 million regular users and 400,000 babies born addicted each year. The history of cocaine is discussed, from its traditional use by South Americans to its popularity in the late 19th century. Both short-term effects like increased heart rate and long-term health risks including addiction, brain damage and death are outlined. While cocaine use has declined since the 1990s, it remains a highly addictive and dangerous drug.
Manish Verma, a class 12 student, completed an investigatory biology project on drug addiction. The project included an introduction on addiction as a major global issue, especially among adolescents. It defined addiction and described various types of commonly abused drugs like heroin, cocaine, crack, hallucinogens, cannabis, and alcohol. It discussed causes of addiction like peer pressure and effects on health including fatigue, organ damage, and increased disease risk. The project profiled five case studies of patients and described diagnosis, treatment options like counseling and detoxification, and prevention strategies. It concluded by emphasizing the large disease burden caused by drug use and need for improved addiction policies and workplace programs.
This document discusses the dangers of drug use and provides information about various drugs. It states that drugs alter the mind and people use them to change something about their lives, though drugs eventually become the problem. It then provides details on the short-term and long-term effects of various drugs like marijuana, cocaine, crack, ecstasy, and methamphetamine. It notes that drugs can cause health issues, addiction, risky behaviors, and in some cases death. The document aims to educate people on the truths and dangers of drug use.
Cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant drug derived from the coca plant. It can be snorted, smoked, injected, or drank. Crack cocaine is cocaine that has been processed with baking soda to be smoked, which produces a very intense but short-lived high. Cocaine use is widespread in the United States and is associated with clubs, colleges, and weight loss. However, cocaine can be highly destructive due to its addictive potential and health risks like heart attacks and strokes. While the initial euphoric high may seem appealing, the physical, psychological, and social costs of cocaine use often outweigh any perceived benefits.
bio investigatory project on addiction class xiignanendrareddy13
This document discusses addiction, specifically drug abuse. It begins with an introduction to addiction and what it is. It then discusses the types of drug abuse, causes of addiction, and effects of addiction. The document provides a history of addiction and drug abuse throughout time. It describes the diagnosis of addiction and includes a study questionnaire. It profiles 5 patients and their experiences with addiction. The document concludes with sections on the treatment of addiction and a scenario example of addiction.
This document provides information about commonly used drugs among youth. It discusses marijuana, noting that 29 million Americans have used it in the past year and over 2.5 million are registered medical marijuana users. It also discusses the risks of marijuana use, including increased likelihood of violence, theft, and problems with alcohol. Signs of marijuana abuse and the legal consequences of use are outlined. The document then provides similar information about heroin, methamphetamines, prescription drugs, alcohol, and cocaine.
This document discusses drug addiction, defining it as a chronic relapsing disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking. It lists common types of drug addiction such as alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, opiates, heroin, and steroids. For each drug, it provides brief details about the addictive properties and health risks. Causes of drug addiction include health problems, accidents, suicide, and financial/legal issues. Consequences are physical like organ damage, neurological/emotional effects like depression, and social impacts like relationship changes and legal consequences.
This document discusses sources of caffeine, including beverages like coffee and tea and foods like chocolate. It provides estimates of caffeine consumption worldwide and in different countries. It then discusses the pharmacology of caffeine, including how it works in the body, its effects, tolerance, and dependence. The document outlines both acute and chronic effects of caffeine use and concludes with discussing therapeutic uses of caffeine.
This document provides information about various drugs and their effects. It defines drugs as chemicals that affect the mind and body, and can lead to physical or psychological dependence. It then lists common reasons why teens try drugs, such as peer pressure or lack of other activities. The document describes different types of drugs including stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, and discusses specific drugs like alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, heroin, cocaine, prescription drugs. It outlines the short-term and long-term effects of each drug type on the body and brain. The document emphasizes that drug use can seriously harm health and lead to addiction, overdose, death, or legal and social consequences.
People use drugs for several reasons, including peer pressure, thrill-seeking, and to self-medicate emotional needs. Addiction is now recognized as a chronic relapsing brain disease, characterized by compulsive drug use despite negative consequences. It progresses through stages as tolerance increases and brain changes persist for years after drug use. While drugs can have medical benefits when properly used, drug abuse has significant health and social costs, including increased crime and family problems. Education and treatment aim to prevent misuse and support recovery from addiction.
Chapter 6 Cocaine, Amphetamines, And Related StimulantsJustin Gatewood
Cocaine and amphetamines work by blocking the reuptake of neurotransmitters like dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine in the brain. This causes a surge of pleasure and arousal but can also lead to stimulant psychosis, paranoia, and violence with prolonged use. While initially seen as performance enhancers, these drugs are now recognized as highly addictive and dangerous due to health effects like "meth mouth" and long-term brain damage. Treatment of ADHD with stimulant drugs is common but also carries risks like insomnia, appetite loss, and potential growth delays.
This document provides information about drugs and their effects. It defines drugs as substances that affect the body and brain, and notes that not all drugs are illegal. It then discusses different types of drugs like depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens, providing examples of each and their effects. The document also addresses why people use drugs, signs of drug use, and what can be done to help someone with a drug problem.
This document provides information about various drugs and their effects. It discusses how drugs act on the body and brain, noting they can have both helpful and harmful impacts depending on factors like dosage. Common drugs are categorized as depressants, stimulants and hallucinogens. Specific drugs like alcohol, cocaine, heroin and inhalants are examined in more detail regarding how they are used, their short-term effects, and health and addiction risks with ongoing use.
Dr. Lidetu Afework Anjulo, Drug abuse, Addiction and Alcoholism, child and yo...LIDETU AFEWORK
This presentation is dedicated to MEQUAMIA, Working in drug addiction and counseling at MU. For people getting addicted especially young and elders also, I got it helpful in counseling people from Holy Bible that is the master Guide for every soul. May God bless you! KEEP ON POSTING IT. ABUSE=ABNORMAL USE
Cocaine is a highly addictive stimulant drug that can have serious negative health effects. It is typically a white powder that is snorted, smoked, or injected. Long term cocaine use often leads to addiction and life-threatening consequences for physical and mental health. It affects the brain and heart and can cause issues like increased blood pressure, sweating, and paranoia during use. Cocaine addiction has social consequences like relationship problems and financial costs due to the expense of the drug. Rehab programs are important to seek help for cocaine addiction and recovery.
Senior Seminar in Business Administration BUS 499Coope.docxWilheminaRossi174
Senior Seminar in Business Administration
BUS 499
Cooperative Strategy
Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D., & Hoskisson, R.E. (2009). BUS499: Strategic management: Competitiveness and globalization, concepts and cases: 2009 custom edition (8th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.
Welcome to Senior Seminar in Business Administration.
In this lesson we will discuss Cooperative Strategy.
Please go to the next slide.
ObjectivesUpon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:Identify various levels and types of strategy in a firm
Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
Identify various levels and types of strategy in a firm.
Please go to the next slide.
Supporting TopicsStrategic alliancesCooperative strategiesCompetitive risks
In order to achieve this objective, the following supporting topics will be covered:
Strategic alliances;
Cooperative strategies; and
Competitive risks.
Please go to the next slide.
Strategic AlliancesCooperative strategyStrategic allianceCombination of resources and capabilitiesExchange and sharing of resourcesFirms leverage existing resourcesCornerstone of many firms’ competitive strategy
Recognized as a viable engine of firm growth, cooperative strategy is a strategy in which firms work together to achieve a shared objective. Thus, cooperating with other firms is another strategy firms use to create value for a customer that exceeds the cost of providing that value and to establish a favorable position relative to competition.
A strategic alliance is a cooperative strategy in which firms combine some of their resources and capabilities to create a competitive advantage. Thus, strategic alliances involve firms with some degree of exchange and sharing of resources and capabilities to co-develop, sell, and service goods or services. Strategic alliances allow firms to leverage their existing resources and capabilities while working with partners to develop additional resources and capabilities as the foundation for new competitive advantages. To be certain, the reality today is that strategic alliances have become a cornerstone of many firms’ competitive strategy.
Please go to the next slide.
Strategic Alliances, continuedJoint ventureEquity strategic allianceNonequity strategic alliance
The three major types of strategic alliances include joint venture, equity strategic alliance, and nonequity strategic alliance.
A joint venture is a strategic alliance in which two or more firms create a legally independent company to share some of their resources and capabilities to develop a competitive advantage. Joint ventures, which are often formed to improve firms’ abilities to compete in uncertain competitive environments, are effective in establishing long-term relationships and in transferring tacit knowledge. Because it can’t be codified, tacit, or implied, knowledge is learned through experiences such as those taking place when people from partner firms work together in a join.
Select two countries that have been or currently are in confli.docxWilheminaRossi174
Select two countries that have been or currently are in conflict.
Compare the two countries using the cultural dimensions interactive index.
Briefly describe the two countries that you selected and the conflict in which they are engaged. Explain why you selected them.
Compare the two countries on the following dimensions: collectivism-individualism, masculinity-femininity, power distance, long-term orientation, and uncertainty avoidance.
Explain what insights you had or conclusions that you might now draw about the countries and/or the conflict between them based on your comparison.
Explain the role that culture plays in this conflict and how dimensions of culture might influence the resolution of the conflict.
"Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions: Understanding Workplace Values Around the World." Notice the differences between each dimension of culture.
.
More Related Content
Similar to CocaineA powerfully addictive psychoactive chemica
This document provides information about cocaine. It begins by describing cocaine as a crystalline alkaloid prepared from coca leaves that is odorless, white and bitter. It then discusses cocaine's classification as a schedule II drug and its most harmful forms. The document outlines cocaine's mechanisms of action, routes of administration, effects on the body including the central nervous system, respiratory system and cardiovascular system. It also covers cocaine addiction, treatment including psychosocial and behavioral therapies as well as medications.
The document is a report on drug addiction submitted by Komal Prasad Pandey. It discusses various topics related to drug addiction including an acknowledgement, certificate, index, aim and objectives, classification of drugs, effects of commonly used drugs like heroin, cannabis and cocaine. It also discusses how drug addiction begins and the short-term and long-term effects of drug use. The report separately discusses smoking, drinking and use of drugs and their social and health impacts. It provides details on tobacco, its sources, modes of use and effects. Similarly, it discusses alcohol, its reasons for drinking, impact on health, and sources and modes of use. The report concludes by always advising people to say no to drugs.
Sanya Verma, a class 12 student at Ahlcon International School, completed an investigatory biology project on drug addiction. The project included a certificate of completion signed by her teacher, Mrs. Navleen Chopra, acknowledging her successful completion. It also included an acknowledgment thanking various people who helped her, including her lab assistant and parents. The project contained sections on the causes, effects, diagnosis and treatment of drug addiction and included case studies of 5 patients with addiction. It concluded that drug use causes significant disease and disability worldwide and emphasized the importance of workplace safety and productivity in examining issues related to substance use.
Cocaine comes from the coca plant in South America. It was once used as an ingredient in Coca-Cola and as a painkiller. Today, cocaine is illegal but can be prescribed after surgery. Cocaine is commonly snorted, rubbed on gums, or injected and can lead to both short term effects like increased heart rate and breathing as well as long term effects like heart and lung damage. Mixing cocaine with other substances like alcohol or heroin increases health risks.
The document summarizes the dangers of cocaine use. It provides statistics on cocaine use in the US, such as over 2 million regular users and 400,000 babies born addicted each year. The history of cocaine is discussed, from its traditional use by South Americans to its popularity in the late 19th century. Both short-term effects like increased heart rate and long-term health risks including addiction, brain damage and death are outlined. While cocaine use has declined since the 1990s, it remains a highly addictive and dangerous drug.
Manish Verma, a class 12 student, completed an investigatory biology project on drug addiction. The project included an introduction on addiction as a major global issue, especially among adolescents. It defined addiction and described various types of commonly abused drugs like heroin, cocaine, crack, hallucinogens, cannabis, and alcohol. It discussed causes of addiction like peer pressure and effects on health including fatigue, organ damage, and increased disease risk. The project profiled five case studies of patients and described diagnosis, treatment options like counseling and detoxification, and prevention strategies. It concluded by emphasizing the large disease burden caused by drug use and need for improved addiction policies and workplace programs.
This document discusses the dangers of drug use and provides information about various drugs. It states that drugs alter the mind and people use them to change something about their lives, though drugs eventually become the problem. It then provides details on the short-term and long-term effects of various drugs like marijuana, cocaine, crack, ecstasy, and methamphetamine. It notes that drugs can cause health issues, addiction, risky behaviors, and in some cases death. The document aims to educate people on the truths and dangers of drug use.
Cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant drug derived from the coca plant. It can be snorted, smoked, injected, or drank. Crack cocaine is cocaine that has been processed with baking soda to be smoked, which produces a very intense but short-lived high. Cocaine use is widespread in the United States and is associated with clubs, colleges, and weight loss. However, cocaine can be highly destructive due to its addictive potential and health risks like heart attacks and strokes. While the initial euphoric high may seem appealing, the physical, psychological, and social costs of cocaine use often outweigh any perceived benefits.
bio investigatory project on addiction class xiignanendrareddy13
This document discusses addiction, specifically drug abuse. It begins with an introduction to addiction and what it is. It then discusses the types of drug abuse, causes of addiction, and effects of addiction. The document provides a history of addiction and drug abuse throughout time. It describes the diagnosis of addiction and includes a study questionnaire. It profiles 5 patients and their experiences with addiction. The document concludes with sections on the treatment of addiction and a scenario example of addiction.
This document provides information about commonly used drugs among youth. It discusses marijuana, noting that 29 million Americans have used it in the past year and over 2.5 million are registered medical marijuana users. It also discusses the risks of marijuana use, including increased likelihood of violence, theft, and problems with alcohol. Signs of marijuana abuse and the legal consequences of use are outlined. The document then provides similar information about heroin, methamphetamines, prescription drugs, alcohol, and cocaine.
This document discusses drug addiction, defining it as a chronic relapsing disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking. It lists common types of drug addiction such as alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, opiates, heroin, and steroids. For each drug, it provides brief details about the addictive properties and health risks. Causes of drug addiction include health problems, accidents, suicide, and financial/legal issues. Consequences are physical like organ damage, neurological/emotional effects like depression, and social impacts like relationship changes and legal consequences.
This document discusses sources of caffeine, including beverages like coffee and tea and foods like chocolate. It provides estimates of caffeine consumption worldwide and in different countries. It then discusses the pharmacology of caffeine, including how it works in the body, its effects, tolerance, and dependence. The document outlines both acute and chronic effects of caffeine use and concludes with discussing therapeutic uses of caffeine.
This document provides information about various drugs and their effects. It defines drugs as chemicals that affect the mind and body, and can lead to physical or psychological dependence. It then lists common reasons why teens try drugs, such as peer pressure or lack of other activities. The document describes different types of drugs including stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, and discusses specific drugs like alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, heroin, cocaine, prescription drugs. It outlines the short-term and long-term effects of each drug type on the body and brain. The document emphasizes that drug use can seriously harm health and lead to addiction, overdose, death, or legal and social consequences.
People use drugs for several reasons, including peer pressure, thrill-seeking, and to self-medicate emotional needs. Addiction is now recognized as a chronic relapsing brain disease, characterized by compulsive drug use despite negative consequences. It progresses through stages as tolerance increases and brain changes persist for years after drug use. While drugs can have medical benefits when properly used, drug abuse has significant health and social costs, including increased crime and family problems. Education and treatment aim to prevent misuse and support recovery from addiction.
Chapter 6 Cocaine, Amphetamines, And Related StimulantsJustin Gatewood
Cocaine and amphetamines work by blocking the reuptake of neurotransmitters like dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine in the brain. This causes a surge of pleasure and arousal but can also lead to stimulant psychosis, paranoia, and violence with prolonged use. While initially seen as performance enhancers, these drugs are now recognized as highly addictive and dangerous due to health effects like "meth mouth" and long-term brain damage. Treatment of ADHD with stimulant drugs is common but also carries risks like insomnia, appetite loss, and potential growth delays.
This document provides information about drugs and their effects. It defines drugs as substances that affect the body and brain, and notes that not all drugs are illegal. It then discusses different types of drugs like depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens, providing examples of each and their effects. The document also addresses why people use drugs, signs of drug use, and what can be done to help someone with a drug problem.
This document provides information about various drugs and their effects. It discusses how drugs act on the body and brain, noting they can have both helpful and harmful impacts depending on factors like dosage. Common drugs are categorized as depressants, stimulants and hallucinogens. Specific drugs like alcohol, cocaine, heroin and inhalants are examined in more detail regarding how they are used, their short-term effects, and health and addiction risks with ongoing use.
Dr. Lidetu Afework Anjulo, Drug abuse, Addiction and Alcoholism, child and yo...LIDETU AFEWORK
This presentation is dedicated to MEQUAMIA, Working in drug addiction and counseling at MU. For people getting addicted especially young and elders also, I got it helpful in counseling people from Holy Bible that is the master Guide for every soul. May God bless you! KEEP ON POSTING IT. ABUSE=ABNORMAL USE
Cocaine is a highly addictive stimulant drug that can have serious negative health effects. It is typically a white powder that is snorted, smoked, or injected. Long term cocaine use often leads to addiction and life-threatening consequences for physical and mental health. It affects the brain and heart and can cause issues like increased blood pressure, sweating, and paranoia during use. Cocaine addiction has social consequences like relationship problems and financial costs due to the expense of the drug. Rehab programs are important to seek help for cocaine addiction and recovery.
Similar to CocaineA powerfully addictive psychoactive chemica (20)
Senior Seminar in Business Administration BUS 499Coope.docxWilheminaRossi174
Senior Seminar in Business Administration
BUS 499
Cooperative Strategy
Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D., & Hoskisson, R.E. (2009). BUS499: Strategic management: Competitiveness and globalization, concepts and cases: 2009 custom edition (8th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.
Welcome to Senior Seminar in Business Administration.
In this lesson we will discuss Cooperative Strategy.
Please go to the next slide.
ObjectivesUpon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:Identify various levels and types of strategy in a firm
Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
Identify various levels and types of strategy in a firm.
Please go to the next slide.
Supporting TopicsStrategic alliancesCooperative strategiesCompetitive risks
In order to achieve this objective, the following supporting topics will be covered:
Strategic alliances;
Cooperative strategies; and
Competitive risks.
Please go to the next slide.
Strategic AlliancesCooperative strategyStrategic allianceCombination of resources and capabilitiesExchange and sharing of resourcesFirms leverage existing resourcesCornerstone of many firms’ competitive strategy
Recognized as a viable engine of firm growth, cooperative strategy is a strategy in which firms work together to achieve a shared objective. Thus, cooperating with other firms is another strategy firms use to create value for a customer that exceeds the cost of providing that value and to establish a favorable position relative to competition.
A strategic alliance is a cooperative strategy in which firms combine some of their resources and capabilities to create a competitive advantage. Thus, strategic alliances involve firms with some degree of exchange and sharing of resources and capabilities to co-develop, sell, and service goods or services. Strategic alliances allow firms to leverage their existing resources and capabilities while working with partners to develop additional resources and capabilities as the foundation for new competitive advantages. To be certain, the reality today is that strategic alliances have become a cornerstone of many firms’ competitive strategy.
Please go to the next slide.
Strategic Alliances, continuedJoint ventureEquity strategic allianceNonequity strategic alliance
The three major types of strategic alliances include joint venture, equity strategic alliance, and nonequity strategic alliance.
A joint venture is a strategic alliance in which two or more firms create a legally independent company to share some of their resources and capabilities to develop a competitive advantage. Joint ventures, which are often formed to improve firms’ abilities to compete in uncertain competitive environments, are effective in establishing long-term relationships and in transferring tacit knowledge. Because it can’t be codified, tacit, or implied, knowledge is learned through experiences such as those taking place when people from partner firms work together in a join.
Select two countries that have been or currently are in confli.docxWilheminaRossi174
Select two countries that have been or currently are in conflict.
Compare the two countries using the cultural dimensions interactive index.
Briefly describe the two countries that you selected and the conflict in which they are engaged. Explain why you selected them.
Compare the two countries on the following dimensions: collectivism-individualism, masculinity-femininity, power distance, long-term orientation, and uncertainty avoidance.
Explain what insights you had or conclusions that you might now draw about the countries and/or the conflict between them based on your comparison.
Explain the role that culture plays in this conflict and how dimensions of culture might influence the resolution of the conflict.
"Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions: Understanding Workplace Values Around the World." Notice the differences between each dimension of culture.
.
Serial KillersFor this assignment you will review a serial kille.docxWilheminaRossi174
Serial Killers
For this assignment you will review a serial killer's case in depth. The killer you choose to review will also be the subject of your Week 5 final assignment, so keep your research material handy.
First, choose
one
of the following serial killers:
David Berkowitz ("Son of Sam") taunted police over a year and shot 15 people (6 died) in New York City. The movie "Summer of Sam" was about this time.
Gary Ridgway (the "Green River Killer") holds the American record for most victims. He confessed to killing 48 over a 16-year period but is suspected of having killed many more!
Wayne B. Williams is believed to be the killer of 24 children and young men in Atlanta, though there is still some doubt.
John Allen Muhammad and Lee Boyd Malvo were the "DC snipers" who shot 13 people (ten died) over three weeks in the Washington DC area in 2002.
Ted Bundy: Confessed to almost 30 murders (there may have been more). He was known for being smart and good-looking, and acted as his own lawyer.
Jeffrey Dahmer: His case captured worldwide attention after his capture, mostly due to his habit of keeping parts of his victims long after their deaths, as well as cannibalism and necrophilia.
Kristen Gilbert: An example of a female serial killer, she was a nurse who killed hospital patients in her care.
For this assignment, create a report in Microsoft Word that covers the following points:
Summarize the case: time period, location, number of victims, etc.
Describe the killer's background, methods, and area of operation.
How did the killer select his or her victims? Was there anything that the victims did to provoke the killer?
By analyzing all of the above information, you should now be able to propose a
three-part typology
and explain your analysis. Your typology should describe the killer's
motivation, location, and organized or disorganized factors. For instance, John Wayne Gacy might be described as a
Power/Control, local, organized killer.
.
SESSION 1Michael Delarosa, Department ManagerWhat sugg.docxWilheminaRossi174
SESSION 1
Michael Delarosa, Department Manager
What suggestions do you have for improvement in regards to training new supervisors?
Make sure there are opportunities for hands on problem solving. Too much of our training is theory
and supervisors need to be focused on the real-world problems that come up.
What challenges do supervisors in our plants encounter that training would help them resolve?
I'd say that a lot of the challenges we see relate to the diversity on the line. There are a lot of different
types of people working at CapraTek and they don't always play well together.
What are the most important abilities for supervisors in our plants?
Well… the first thing that comes to mind is the ability to find information. Whether it's technical
information or answers for the people who report to you. Another key ability though is the ability to
acquire technical expertise. No one comes in knowing it all, but the ability to gain necessary
knowledge is very important.
What knowledge does a new supervisor need?
A solid understanding of the job itself. Supervisors provide a lot of training to new employees, so they
need to know our systems and processes inside and out.
Should training be conducted face to face, online, or a combination of both?
I'd say a combination. There are some topics that don't really need a classroom experience, but
others where the face-to-face interaction provides as much as the actual training materials. If it had to
be one or the other, I'd definitely say face to face.
Leland Butler, Shift Supervisor
What suggestions do you have for improvement in regards to training new supervisors?
Don't think you can cover this stuff once and be done with it. I went through supervisor training when I
was promoted, but I've gotta admit, I don't remember much of it. That kind of stuff doesn't always
stick unless you're doing it. Having an opportunity to be in the job and then get training on what you're
actually dealing with is better than sitting in a training room listening to someone talk about theories
and policies.
What challenges do supervisors in our plants encounter that training would help them resolve?
Well… like I said, being able to apply the leadership and supervisory ideas in realistic situations. I'm a
hands-on kind of person and it's always better if I can do something, so maybe like getting training on
performance reviews or some of the paperwork we're all dealing with. That would be helpful.
What are the most important abilities for supervisors in our plants?
Communication and flexibility. Hands down. You need to be able to shift gears decisively and
communicate with your team.
What knowledge does a new supervisor need?
He or she needs to know what the role of their team is to the division. How it all fits together. A good
supervisor needs to be able to communicate to the people who report to him what's going on and why
things are the way they are. So, he's got to be in .
Selecting & Implementing Interventions – Assignment #4
image1.png
image2.png
image3.png
Behavioral Interventions
Behav. Intervent. 19: 205–228 (2004)
Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/bin.161
MODIFICATIONS TOBASIC FUNCTIONAL
ANALYSIS PROCEDURES IN SCHOOL
SETTINGS: A SELECTIVE REVIEW
Janet Ellis* and Sandy Magee
University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
This review describes applied behavioral research involving functional analyses conducted in public
school settings. Functional analyses in public school settings often require added conditions. The
modified conditions described herein include changes to experimental designs, antecedent changes that
include task variation, tasks included, idiosyncratic variables, physiological conditions, and modified
escape conditions. Finally, consequent modifications cover peer attention, tangibles, varied attention,
and altered escape. Copyright # 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
INTRODUCTION
The primary body of functional analysis (FA) literature has historically focused on
persons with developmental disabilities in institutional/residential settings who
engaged in severe self-injurious behavior (SIB). Mace and Lalli (1991) noted that
interventions based on FAs conducted in experimental settings under highly
controlled analog conditions may be effective only to the extent that those analog
conditions match the subject’s natural environment. Johnston (1993) recommended
that, once a procedure has been experimentally developed, its value and applicability
should be assessed under practical/natural conditions. Further, passage of Public Law
105-17, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), in 1997 mandated that a
‘functional behavioral assessment’ be conducted on students who exhibit significant
behavior and adjustment problems. For at least these reasons, FA research has moved
beyond the tightly controlled laboratory setting and into more natural environments
involving more diverse populations. Development of behavioral assessments of
problem behavior in school settings had empirical roots—for example, 36 years ago
Thomas, Becker, and Armstrong (1968) noted that classroom teacher’s disapproval
increased rates of student’s disruptive behavior. These assessments allowed effective
Copyright # 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
*Correspondence to: Janet Ellis, Department of Behavior Analysis, University of North Texas, P.O. Box 310919,
Denton, TX 76203-0919, USA. E-mail: [email protected]
1099078x, 2004, 3, D
ow
nloaded from
https://onlinelibrary.w
iley.com
/doi/10.1002/bin.161 by B
ehavior A
nalyst C
ertification, W
iley O
nline L
ibrary on [14/11/2022]. See the T
erm
s and C
onditions (https://onlinelibrary.w
iley.com
/term
s-and-conditions) on W
iley O
nline L
ibrary for rules of use; O
A
articles are governed by the applicable C
reative C
om
m
ons L
icense
behavior change procedures to be implemented in t.
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299831446
A Case Study of Global Leadership Development
Best Practice
Article · April 2016
CITATIONS
0
READS
1,059
4 authors, including:
Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
Refreshing leadership development for the 21st century View project
Sebastian Salicru
University of Technology Sydney
13 PUBLICATIONS 4 CITATIONS
SEE PROFILE
All content following this page was uploaded by Sebastian Salicru on 07 April 2016.
The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299831446_A_Case_Study_of_Global_Leadership_Development_Best_Practice?enrichId=rgreq-605d143faf7dd6b0822af2ad7df3fbfc-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI5OTgzMTQ0NjtBUzozNDgxMzIzODc5MDE0NDFAMTQ2MDAxMjYzNzU4Nw%3D%3D&el=1_x_2&_esc=publicationCoverPdf
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299831446_A_Case_Study_of_Global_Leadership_Development_Best_Practice?enrichId=rgreq-605d143faf7dd6b0822af2ad7df3fbfc-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI5OTgzMTQ0NjtBUzozNDgxMzIzODc5MDE0NDFAMTQ2MDAxMjYzNzU4Nw%3D%3D&el=1_x_3&_esc=publicationCoverPdf
https://www.researchgate.net/project/Refreshing-leadership-development-for-the-21st-century?enrichId=rgreq-605d143faf7dd6b0822af2ad7df3fbfc-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI5OTgzMTQ0NjtBUzozNDgxMzIzODc5MDE0NDFAMTQ2MDAxMjYzNzU4Nw%3D%3D&el=1_x_9&_esc=publicationCoverPdf
https://www.researchgate.net/?enrichId=rgreq-605d143faf7dd6b0822af2ad7df3fbfc-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI5OTgzMTQ0NjtBUzozNDgxMzIzODc5MDE0NDFAMTQ2MDAxMjYzNzU4Nw%3D%3D&el=1_x_1&_esc=publicationCoverPdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sebastian_Salicru2?enrichId=rgreq-605d143faf7dd6b0822af2ad7df3fbfc-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI5OTgzMTQ0NjtBUzozNDgxMzIzODc5MDE0NDFAMTQ2MDAxMjYzNzU4Nw%3D%3D&el=1_x_4&_esc=publicationCoverPdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sebastian_Salicru2?enrichId=rgreq-605d143faf7dd6b0822af2ad7df3fbfc-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI5OTgzMTQ0NjtBUzozNDgxMzIzODc5MDE0NDFAMTQ2MDAxMjYzNzU4Nw%3D%3D&el=1_x_5&_esc=publicationCoverPdf
https://www.researchgate.net/institution/University_of_Technology_Sydney2?enrichId=rgreq-605d143faf7dd6b0822af2ad7df3fbfc-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI5OTgzMTQ0NjtBUzozNDgxMzIzODc5MDE0NDFAMTQ2MDAxMjYzNzU4Nw%3D%3D&el=1_x_6&_esc=publicationCoverPdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sebastian_Salicru2?enrichId=rgreq-605d143faf7dd6b0822af2ad7df3fbfc-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI5OTgzMTQ0NjtBUzozNDgxMzIzODc5MDE0NDFAMTQ2MDAxMjYzNzU4Nw%3D%3D&el=1_x_7&_esc=publicationCoverPdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sebastian_Salicru2?enrichId=rgreq-605d143faf7dd6b0822af2ad7df3fbfc-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI5OTgzMTQ0NjtBUzozNDgxMzIzODc5MDE0NDFAMTQ2MDAxMjYzNzU4Nw%3D%3D&el=1_x_10&_esc=publicationCoverPdf
A Case Study of Global
Leadership Development
Best Practice
“GLD is a challenging task that has become more imp.
Shared Reading FrameworkFollow this framework when viewing the v.docxWilheminaRossi174
Shared Reading Framework
Follow this framework when viewing the video lessons for Days 1,2, & 3 from Ms. Chan’s class. Compare and contrast Ms. Chan’s teaching to what is listed on this page.
(Whole)
Read aloud a shared or big book to the students. Label each step and clearly state how you will accomplish this.
·
Introduce the book: Explain what you will say to the students to introduce the book to them, if you choose to point out concepts of book, concepts of print, predicting, etc.
·
Picture Walk: Explain what you will do to provide a Picture Walk for the students, telling all that you will say to the students.
·
Read the book aloud: Explain how you will read the book aloud to the students, will you stop, on what pages, what will you say.
·
Students’ Responses: Develop a set of both literal and higher-order thinking questions to elicit student responses, use Bloom’s or Webb’s as a guide to questions.
(PART)
Direct Instruction (Name the reading skill and explain what it means)
· Explain:
(I do) Explain to the students what they will be learning and why they should learn it. Explain the skill they will be learning and explain “how it works” Summarize the skill in your own words. Teacher tells students everything you want them to learn
(objectives).
· Demonstrate
: (I do) Show the students what you would like them to do. Demonstrate to them what they will be doing to help them learn the skill. You must explain what you will do to demonstrate the skill you will be teaching. PROVIDE EXAMPLES and link to your explain step.
· Guide:
(We do, more teacher responsibility, some student responsibility) Guide the students to discuss and/or attempt the skill you just demonstrated. Explain how you will guide the students to allow them opportunities to try to apply the skill. Give support and feedback. Teacher brings students into discussion about objective and gives guidance and feedback
. (Feedback must be accurate, positive and encouraging, but also firm.)
· Practice:
(We do, more student responsibility) Explain specifically how you will guide the students to practice applying the skill by allowing them to work together with less teacher support but still feedback.
(WHOLE)
· Application:
(You do) (Read the book again and this time ask the students to apply what they learned about the reading skill to the book you are rereading.) Explain what you will have the students do to apply the skill to the text. The students should demonstrate that they can meet objective in this step.
· Students Reflect:
(You do) Develop a set of 6 – 8 questions you would ask the students to reflect on what they learned about the reading skill and what they learned from the book you read to them. This is a good time to ask questions that would meet.
Self-disclosureDepth of reflectionResponse demonstrates an in.docxWilheminaRossi174
Self-disclosure/Depth of reflection
Response demonstrates an in-depth reflection on, and personalization of, the theories, concepts, and/or strategies presented in the course materials to date. Viewpoints and interpretations are insightful and well supported. Clear, detailed examples are provided, as applicable. Demonstrates an open, non-defensive ability to self-appraise, discussing both growth and frustrations as they related to learning in class, as well as implications for future learning.
Analysis/Connection to reading and outside experiences
In-depth synthesis of thoughtfully selected aspects of experiences related to the course topics. Makes clear connections between what is learned from readings, outside experiences and the topics. The reflection is an in-depth analysis of the learning experience, the value of the derived learning to self or others, and the enhancement of the student’s appreciation for the discipline. Demonstrate further analysis and insight resulting from what you have learned from readings, includes reference to at least two readings other than those assigned for class.
Connection to course objectives and BSN outcomes
Synthesize, analyze and evaluate thoughtfully selected aspects of ideas or issues from the class discussion as they relate to the course learning outcomes and the BSN program outcome. (Review your syllabus and students handbook to help make connections)
Structure, organization and grammar
Writing is clear, concise, and well organized with excellent sentence/paragraph construction. Thoughts are expressed in a coherent and logical manner. There are no more than three spelling, grammar, or syntax errors per page of writing.
APA format, page limitations and spelling
Follows APA professional writing style of using 12 point Times New Roman
font, 1inch margins all around, correct
APA headings, and correct format of title page.
.
Seemingly riding on the coattails of SARS-CoV-2, the alarming sp.docxWilheminaRossi174
Seemingly riding on the coattails of SARS-CoV-2, the alarming spread of monkeypox across western Europe and the United States has filled the news cycle through the summer of 2022. Monkeypox is an orthopoxvirus, similar in presentation to smallpox and chickenpox (Varicella zoster). In contrast to the related poxviruses, monkeypox has been reported to spread by sexual contact and direct skin-to-skin contact, as well as through the traditional respiratory droplet route. While there is currently no effective treatment for infected individuals, two vaccines with good efficacy are available to help stem the spread of the disease. Likewise, individuals that have been vaccinated against smallpox with vaccinia virus have some protection against contracting monkeypox. While changes in sexual behavior among vulnerable populations has so far limited the outbreak, the disease is still spreading throughout the country and has caused a handful of deaths.
What is the life cycle of monkeypox, and how exactly is it spread? What does the fact that vaccination against smallpox provides some protection against monkeypox indicate about this virus? Also, what does the spread of monkeypox reveal about the susceptibility of the population to smallpox, a disease that has been considered eradicated worldwide since the late 1980s?
In addition to your original response, you will need to respond to at least two other students’ original posts. Responses should be substantive in nature instead of just reiterating what the original poster stated, or a “good job explaining” or “me too” type of post.
Please note that in your response, plagiarism is not allowed. Please do NOT simply cut and paste information from books, journals, websites, or other sources. In addition, direct quotation of sources, regardless of whether or not the source is cited, is not allowed. Please summarize the material and what you have learned in your own words.
.
See the attachment of 1 Article belowPlease answer all the que.docxWilheminaRossi174
See the attachment of 1 Article below
Please answer all the questions below in 1-2 pages (in MLA)
1) the important concepts and terms of the readings
2) the most important arguments of the readings
3) the parts of the readings they found confusing or unclear
4) how this reading relates to previous class readings, lectures, and discussions
You do not need to have a work cited page unless you have outside materials. Please let me know if you have questions.
.
SHAPING SCHOOL CULTURE BY LIVING THE VISION AND MISSIONNameI.docxWilheminaRossi174
SHAPING SCHOOL CULTURE BY LIVING THE VISION AND MISSION
Name
Institution
Date
School
Hello everyone and welcome to today’s presentation. The school in focus is Highland High School which has 9 to 12th grade.
2
Name
Highland High School
Grade levels
9 to 12
Mission
The mssion of the school is to “Empower students to use knowledge, skills, and strategies to become productive members of society who use higher level thinking”. The vision of the school is Students will “Own Their learning”
3
Mission statement
“Empower students to use knowledge, skills, and strategies to become productive members of society who use higher level thinking”
Vision statement
Students will “Own Their learning”
Strategies that embed the mission and vision
It is possible for a school to convey its ethos, mission, goals, and values to its students, staff, and parents in a variety of different methods. A school's prospectus or handbook should present information in a way that is clear and easy to comprehend, taking into account the diverse ethnic group in the area and maybe translating the text into many languages. The website of the school is the spot that makes the most sense to transmit any sort of information regarding the institution as a whole, including its ethos and so on. The internet is the first place that people search for information in this day and age since it can be accessed from anywhere in the world and every school now has its own personal website. Again, in order to experience the true environment of the school, it is necessary to combine this mode of communication with a trip to the location itself.
4
Strategy 1
Communication
Repetitive communication of the mission and vision ensures it is embedded (Jensen et al., 2018)
Communications will target all stakeholders
Technology tools will be used to facilitate communication to all stakeholders
Strategies that embed the mission and vision cont…
A well-defined statement that provides an explanation of the line of work that an individual plans to pursue over the entirety of his career is an example of a career objective. It is essential for each and every student to articulate their aspirations for their future careers. They are able to devise more efficient action plans as a result of this.
5
Strategy 2
Helping students establish career goals
Students will be encouraged to work hard to actualize the goals
Successful careers enable students to become productive members of the society (Şenol & Lesinger, 2018)
Strategies that embed the mission and vision cont…
Finding and employing the appropriate faculty members is possibly the single most significant factor that will determine the institution's long-term success. Even though conducting interviews and making hires is seen by many as an art form, there are tried-and-true strategies that the school may employ to boost its chances of finding the proper people to work there. These approaches are suppo.
Select a healthcare legislature of interest. Discuss the historica.docxWilheminaRossi174
Select a healthcare legislature of interest. Discuss the historical background of the legislation. For example, the person(s) who presented the bill. The committees the bill went through, and revision of the bill until it was passed into law. For example, health insurance is a problem within the USA. The ACA bill was created and pass into law.
.
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publicati.docxWilheminaRossi174
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/13998136
Self-management within a token economy for students with
learning disabilities
Article in Research in Developmental Disabilities · May 1997
DOI: 10.1016/S0891-4222(96)00045-5 · Source: PubMed
CITATIONS
17
READS
1,084
3 authors, including:
Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
Self-regulation View project
Animal Assisted Physical Activity View project
Al Cavalier
University of Delaware
29 PUBLICATIONS 491 CITATIONS
SEE PROFILE
Ralph P Ferretti
University of Delaware
46 PUBLICATIONS 1,276 CITATIONS
SEE PROFILE
All content following this page was uploaded by Al Cavalier on 30 June 2018.
The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/13998136_Self-management_within_a_token_economy_for_students_with_learning_disabilities?enrichId=rgreq-db53aece611d16c3ef6017901d8bec29-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzEzOTk4MTM2O0FTOjY0MzI5NDUxNDEyNjg0OEAxNTMwMzg0NzcyNTky&el=1_x_2&_esc=publicationCoverPdf
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/13998136_Self-management_within_a_token_economy_for_students_with_learning_disabilities?enrichId=rgreq-db53aece611d16c3ef6017901d8bec29-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzEzOTk4MTM2O0FTOjY0MzI5NDUxNDEyNjg0OEAxNTMwMzg0NzcyNTky&el=1_x_3&_esc=publicationCoverPdf
https://www.researchgate.net/project/Self-regulation-5?enrichId=rgreq-db53aece611d16c3ef6017901d8bec29-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzEzOTk4MTM2O0FTOjY0MzI5NDUxNDEyNjg0OEAxNTMwMzg0NzcyNTky&el=1_x_9&_esc=publicationCoverPdf
https://www.researchgate.net/project/Animal-Assisted-Physical-Activity?enrichId=rgreq-db53aece611d16c3ef6017901d8bec29-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzEzOTk4MTM2O0FTOjY0MzI5NDUxNDEyNjg0OEAxNTMwMzg0NzcyNTky&el=1_x_9&_esc=publicationCoverPdf
https://www.researchgate.net/?enrichId=rgreq-db53aece611d16c3ef6017901d8bec29-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzEzOTk4MTM2O0FTOjY0MzI5NDUxNDEyNjg0OEAxNTMwMzg0NzcyNTky&el=1_x_1&_esc=publicationCoverPdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Al_Cavalier?enrichId=rgreq-db53aece611d16c3ef6017901d8bec29-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzEzOTk4MTM2O0FTOjY0MzI5NDUxNDEyNjg0OEAxNTMwMzg0NzcyNTky&el=1_x_4&_esc=publicationCoverPdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Al_Cavalier?enrichId=rgreq-db53aece611d16c3ef6017901d8bec29-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzEzOTk4MTM2O0FTOjY0MzI5NDUxNDEyNjg0OEAxNTMwMzg0NzcyNTky&el=1_x_5&_esc=publicationCoverPdf
https://www.researchgate.net/institution/University_of_Delaware?enrichId=rgreq-db53aece611d16c3ef6017901d8bec29-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzEzOTk4MTM2O0FTOjY0MzI5NDUxNDEyNjg0OEAxNTMwMzg0NzcyNTky&el=1_x_6&_esc=publicationCoverPdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Al_Cavalier?enrichId=rgreq-db53aece611d16c3ef6017901d8bec29-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzEzOTk4MTM2O0FTOjY0MzI5NDUxNDEyNjg0OEAxNTMwMzg0NzcyNTky&el=1_x_7&_esc=publicationCoverPdf
https://ww.
Segmented Assimilation Theory and theLife Model An Integrat.docxWilheminaRossi174
Segmented Assimilation Theory and the
Life Model: An Integrated Approach to
Understanding Immigrants and Their Children
Lissette M. Piedra and David W Engstrom
The life model offers social workers a promising framework to use in assisting immigrant
families. However, the complexities of adaptation to a new country may make it difficult
for social workers to operate from a purely ecological approach. The authors use segmented
assimilation theory to better account for the specificities of the immigrant experience. They
argue that by adding concepts from segmented assimilation theory to the life model, social
workers can better understand the environmental Stressors that increase the vulnerabilities
of immigrants to the potentially harsh experience of adapting to a new country. With these
concepts, social workers who work with immigrant families will be better positioned to
achieve their central goal: enhancing person and environment fit.
KEY WORDS: acculturation; assimilation; immigrants; life model; second generation
Nearly a century ago,Jane Addams (1910)
observed that immigrants needed help
integrating their European and American
experiences to give them meaning and a sense of
relation:
Power to see life as a whole is more needed in
the immigrant quarter of the city than anywhere
else Why should the chasm between fathers
and sons, yawning at the feet of each generation,
be made so unnecessarily cruel and impassable
to these bewildered immigrants? (p. 172)
The inability of some immigrant families to
integrate the cultural capital from the world left
behind with the demands of the new society creates
a gulf of experience between immigrants and their
children that can undermine the parental relation-
ship. Today, the issue of family cohesion in the face
of acculturative Stressors remains central to the im-
migrant experience and creates a sense of urgency
because it is so linked with the success of the second
generation. The size of the immigrant population
and the role their children \vill play in future labor
markets (Morales & Bonilla, 1993; Sullivan, 2006)
moves the problem from the realm of the person
to the status of a larger public concern.
Immigrant families are rapidly becoming the
"typical" American family. More than one in seven
families in the United States is headed by a foreign-
born adult. Children of immigrant parents are the
fastest growing segment of the nation's child popula-
tion (Capps, Fix, Ost, Reardon-Anderson, & Passel,
2004).The U.S. Census Bureau (2003) reported that
slightly more than 14 million children (approxi-
mately one in five) live in immigrant families; the
percentage is even higher (22 percent) for children
under the age of six (U.S. Census Bureau, 2001).
At a structural level, these changing demographics
create large-scale and long-range effects that bear
on many social services and many issues of social
pohcy (Sullivan, 2006). Specifically, the population
growth of native-born children in nonwhite.
Select a local, state, or national public policy that is relev.docxWilheminaRossi174
Select a local, state, or national public policy that is relevant today in the local, regional, or national news
Examples:
Local: community or urban growth (examples: results of rezoning, reuse of public structures, closed down school/public buildings that will convert to private business enterprise).
State: Private land converted to public spaces (examples: airports, road, or highway usage).
Federal: Gun policy, drug policy, immigration (examples: effects on jobs, background checks, cultural changes in communities).
Identify how the policy was formulated from a historical standpoint and identify which stakeholders were involved in the process.
Appraise the position whether the policy creates a benefit for one group (or stakeholder) while other groups experience disadvantages or negative challenges because of public policy implementation.
.
School of Community and Environmental HealthMPH Program .docxWilheminaRossi174
School of Community and Environmental Health
MPH Program
Epidemiology: MPH 746
(
Second
Assignment
)
(
Type in you name here as
First Name , Last Name
)
Read the Paper below and answer the following questions. Your answer should be typed in below; and the submitted document should be in Microsoft Word document. The answer for any question should not exceed one paragraph (5-6 lines). The deadline for submission is 11:59 pm EST Nov. 9th, 2022.
(
Ellison LF, Morrison HI:
Low serum cholesterol concentration and risk of suicide
.
Epidemiology
2001,
12
(2):168-172.
)
Question1 (Max. 0.5 point)
What is the purpose of the study?
Question2 (Max. 0.5 point)
What is the study design? What is the exposure? What is the outcome?
Question3 (Max. 2 points)
How the exposure was measured? How the outcome was measured?
Question4 (Max. 1.5 points)
From Table II, calculate the Crude Rate Ratio for serum total cholesterol <4.27 mmol/l compared to >5.77 mmol/l. (must show the details of calculation)
Question5 (Max. 1.5 points)
What is the meaning of this crude Rate Ratio?
Question6 (Max. 1.5 points)
In Table 3, what is the meaning of age and sex adjusted RR of serum total cholesterol <4.27 mmol/l compared to serum total cholesterol >5.77 mmol/l. Was there confounding by age and sex, why or why not? Is the RR statistically significant? What is the meaning of the 95%CI for the RR?
Question7 (Max. 0.5 points)
Was the ascertainment of the outcome as complete as possible? Was there a follow chart?
Question8 (Max. 0.5 points)
The authors stated in the discussion “The possibility of under-ascertainment of suicide deaths is always a concern, although it is probably unlikely that ascertainment varied by serum total cholesterol level”
Explain what the authors meant by their statement.
Question9 (Max. 0.5 points)
Were those who measured the outcome blinded from the exposure status?
Question10 (Max. 0.5 points)
Have the exposures been well measured, or is there any random or systematic misclassification?
Question11 (Max. 5 points)
Do the “exposed” differ from the “unexposed” with respect to other factors? Have these differences taken into account in the design or analysis? i.e. How the authors dealt with confounding?
1
image1.png
Students will synthesize the information they have gathered during the course to formulate a presentation advocating for a practice change in relation to an area of interest to NP practice.
Creating a Professional PowerPoint PresentationDownload Creating a Professional PowerPoint Presentation
In a PowerPoint Presentation, address the following.
1.
Title Slide
2.
Introduction (1 slide): Slide should identify concepts to be addressed and sections of the presentation. Include speaker’s notes that explain, in more detail, what will be covered.
.
School Effects on Psychological Outcomes During Adolescence.docxWilheminaRossi174
School Effects on Psychological Outcomes During Adolescence
Eric M. Anderman
University of Kentucky
Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were used to examine school-level
differences in the relations between school belonging and various outcomes. In Study 1, predictors of
belonging were examined. Results indicated that belonging was lower in urban schools than in suburban
schools, and lower in schools that used busing practices than those that did not. In Study 2, the relations
between belonging and psychological outcomes were examined. The relations varied depending on the
unit of analysis (individual vs. aggregated measures of belonging). Whereas individual students’
perceptions of belonging were inversely related to depression, social rejection, and school problems,
aggregated belonging was related to greater reports of social rejection and school problems and to higher
grade point average.
Research on school-level differences during adolescence often
has focused on nonpsychological outcomes, such as academic
achievement and behavioral issues, instead of on psychological
outcomes (Roeser, 1998). Indeed, research on school-level differ-
ences in nonacademic variables is quite rare. The purpose of the
present research was to examine school-level differences in a
variety of psychological outcomes, using a large nationally repre-
sentative sample of adolescents.
School Effects on Student Outcomes
Although there is an abundant literature on effective schools,
most of the research in this literature has focused on academic
variables, such as achievement, dropping out, and grade point
average (GPA; e.g., Edmonds, 1979; Miller, 1985; Murphy, Weil,
Hallinger, & Mitman, 1985). This literature generally indicates
that schools that are academically effective have certain recogniz-
able characteristics.
Some of these studies have examined differences between pub-
lic schools and other types of schools. For example, some research
indicates that students who attend public schools achieve more
academically than do students who attend other types of schools
(e.g., Coleman & Hoffer, 1987). Other research suggests that there
may be a benefit in terms of academic achievement for students
who attend Catholic schools compared with non-Catholic schools
(Bryk, Lee, & Holland, 1993). Lee and her colleagues (Lee,
Chow-Hoy, Burkam, Geverdt, & Smerdon, 1998) found that stu-
dents who attended private schools took more advanced math
courses than did students who attended public schools. However,
they also found specific benefits for Catholic schools: Specifically,
in Catholic schools, there was greater school influence on the
courses that students took, and the social distribution of course
enrollment was found to be particularly equitable.
In recent years, psychologists have started to become interested
in the effects of schooling on mental health outcomes (e.g., Boe-
kaerts, 1993; Cowen, 1991; Roeser, Eccles, & Strobel, 1998;
Rutter,.
Search the gene belonging to the accession id you selected in week 2.docxWilheminaRossi174
Search the gene belonging to the accession id you selected in week 2. Use both Ensembl
https://useast.ensembl.org/index.html
and UCSC
https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGateway
genomic browsers to get these genomic/sequence features.
For transcript information including UTRs. provide:
Chromosome
Gene location
Coordinates (exons and introns) these are positions in the sequence
Total exon count -> state if this was the same as what you retrieved from NCBI. Note it could be different because it is a different organism.
ORF Strand: some tools present with signs such as -/+, others will state positive/negative or forward/reverse
promoter region
Coding Region
Coordinates (start and end sequence positions)
coding exon count (this may differ from the total count).
positions for coding exons
Compare and contrast the level of information provided by the two genomic browsers against each other and against the information you were able to get from NCBI resources
.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
1. Cocaine
A powerfully addictive psychoactive chemical that stimulates
the central nervous system, cocaine is the subject of songs,
movies, videos, blogs and podcasts.
Cocaine
Debra Hanselman, LMSW, MHA 1500 Winter 2019
Cocaine comes from the coca bush, which grows on the slopes
of the Andes Mountains in South America.
Historically, the Colombian coca chewer carried his coca leaves
in a pouch hung on his shoulder.
He mixes powdered lime (from shells) with his cocaine to
increase absorption.
Native cultures, especially the Incas, have used cocaine for
thousands of years for energy, to ward off cold and hunger.
Image: Fitz Hugh Ludlow Memorial Library
2. Drinking Cocaine Wine
These ads for cocaine wine appeared at the end of the
Nineteenth century.
Each glass of wine contained the equivalent of a half-line of
cocaine.
Cocaine was also widely used in patent medicines.
In 2006, 1 oz. of cocaine, sold legally, cost about $150 to $200.
When manufactured and sold illegally, 1 oz. costs about
$2,000. A kilogram of the cocaine shown on the right costs an
average of $23,000 wholesale.
Image courtesy of DEA
Popularity of Cocaine
Nearly 34 million Americans have used cocaine at some time in
their lives.
About 2 million people in the United States reported current use
of cocaine.
2.5 percent of young people ages 12 to 17 reported that they had
used cocaine at least 1 time.
16 percent of young adults ages 18 to 25 reported using cocaine
at least 1 time
3. Who Uses Cocaine?
Adults 18 to 25 years old have a higher rate of current cocaine
use than those in any other age group.
Overall, men have a higher rate of current cocaine use than do
women.
Just a Few Street Names for Cocaine
Base
Big C
Blow
Candy
Coke
Crack
Flake
Gold Dust
Happy Powder
Rock
Roxanne
Seven-up
Snort
Snow
Snow Cone
White Dust
White Horse
Zip
4. Cocaine can be used in many different ways.
How do people use cocaine? People…
Snort
Snort cocaine powder through the nose
Rub
Rub it into their gums
5. Inject
Dissolve the powder and inject it into the bloodstream
Smoke
Process the powder and smoke it
Crack Cocaine
Debra Hanselman, LMSW, MHA 1500 Winter 2019
Crack is the hard form of cocaine that develops when the drug
is mixed with water and other solvents and then cooked into a
hard, rock form.
The drug is highly potent and extremely addicting despite the
chemical changes that take place when it is cooked.
Crack cocaine is actually more powerful than powder cocai ne,
causes physical dependence to set in more quickly and is far
more dangerous than the powder counterpart.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Crack Cocaine
The name comes from the crackling sound of the rock as it's
heated.
Some people also smoke Crack by sprinkling it on marijuana or
tobacco, and smoke it like a cigarette.
6. COCAINE AFFECTS YOUR BODY. People who use cocaine
often don’t eat or sleep regularly. They can experience
increased heart rate, muscle spasms, and convulsions. Snorting
cocaine also can permanently damage nasal tissue.
COCAINE AFFECTS YOUR EMOTIONS. Using cocaine can
change your mood and make you feel paranoid, angry, and
anxious.
COCAINE IS ADDICTIVE. Repeated cocaine use changes the
brain circuits that process feelings of pleasure, which can cause
a person to lose interest in other areas of their life, like school,
friends, and sports.
It also damages brain circuits that control stress, decision-
making, and impulse control, making it more difficult to stop
using, even when it has negative effects on your life and health.
COCAINE CAN KILL YOU. Cocaine use can cause seizures,
strokes, and comas. Cocaine can change the way the heart beats
and lead to a heart attack.
People who share needles can contract hepatitis, HIV, and other
diseases.
The Dangers of Cocaine Use
*It also is particularly dangerous to consume cocaine and
alcohol at the same time; they combine to produce a third
chemical, cocaethylene, that is far more toxic than either
cocaine or alcohol alone.
Frequent use also can lead to tolerance and withdrawal, so you
need more of the drug just to feel normal.
7. Generally, cocaine is not used on a daily basis, rather it is used
in a binge pattern.
A cocaine binge will usually last several days followed by the
“crash”.
People who use cocaine often take it in binges—taking the drug
repeatedly within a short time, at increasingly higher doses—to
maintain their high.
Immediate Psychological Effects
Increased euphoria
Increased energy
Increased sensitivity to sensations:
Sight
Sound
Touch
Increased talkativeness
Increased mental alertness
Increased confidence
Increased feelings of sexual desire
8. Chronic Psychological Effects
Irritability
Depression
Increasing restlessness
Paranoia
Auditory hallucinations
Bizarre and/or violent behavior
Damaged ability to feel pleasure
HIV or hepatitis C virus exposure
Immediate Physical Effects
Increased
Pupil size
Heart rate
Temperature
Blood pressure
Decreased
Appetite
Sleep
Chronic Physical Effects
Disturbances in heart rhythm
Heart attacks
Chest pain
Pneumonia
Respiratory failure
Strokes
Significant weight loss/malnutrition
Seizures
Headaches
9. Cocaine, HIV, and Hepatitis
Studies have shown that cocaine use speeds up HIV infection.
According to research, cocaine impairs immune cell function
and promotes reproduction of the HIV virus. Research also
suggests that people who use cocaine and are infected with HIV
may be more susceptible to contracting other viruses, such as
hepatitis C, a virus that affects the liver.
Cocaine Research Report.
Can a Person Overdose on Cocaine? Yes!
An overdose occurs when a person uses enough of a drug to
produce serious adverse effects, life-threatening symptoms, or
death.
Death from overdose can occur on the first use of cocaine or
unexpectedly thereafter.
Some of the most frequent and severe health consequences of
overdose are irregular heart rhythm, heart attacks, seizures, and
strokes. Other symptoms of cocaine overdose include difficulty
breathing, high blood pressure, high body temperature,
hallucinations, and extreme agitation or anxiety.
Alcohol and Cocaine don’t Mix Well
Mixing alcohol and cocaine leads to impulsive behavior and
interferes with learning and thinking.
10. Some people experience a more intense “high” when they mix
cocaine and alcohol because the liver metabolizes these
substances into cocaethylene; in addition, an increase heart rate
and blood pressure often occur.
This combination substance also increases the risk for sudden
death. It has been suggested that cocaethylene can increase
violent thoughts and threats, and bad behavior.
Cocaine Withdrawal
The Inability to Feel Pleasure
Emotional Depression
Loss of Energy – Fatigue
Increased Appetite
Slowed Thinking
Loss of Motivation
Insomnia & Unpleasant Dreams
Intense Craving
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-
NC
Most people seek help during the crash
Pregnancy and Cocaine
Increased risk of
Premature birth
Low birth weight
Smaller than normal head size
Shorter than normal length
HIV or hepatitis virus exposure
11. Cocaine–Exposed Children
As cocaine-exposed children grow up, they may
Have trouble paying attention to tasks
Have trouble thinking things through
Have trouble learning new information
Debra Hanselman, LMSW, MHA 1500 Winter 2019
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-
ND
Treatment Research
While no government-approved medicines are currently
available to treat cocaine addiction, researchers are testing some
treatments that have been used to treat other disorders, such as:
alcoholism
narcolepsy
obesity
opioid addiction
Resources
National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health;
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
SAMHSA Latest Statistics
https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/reports-detailed-tables-
2017-NSDUH
12. Creative Commons. Open Source Images.
https://creativecommons.org/
Doweiko, H. (2015). Concepts of Chemical dependency. ninth
edition. Cengage learning.
Inaba, D. (2014). Uppers, downers, and all arounders. 8th
Edition. Drug Education Textbook. CNS Productions.
http://www.cnsproductions.com
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
http://www.samhsa.gov/ The Science of addiction: Drugs, brain,
and behavior.
Debra Hanselman, LMSW, MHA 1500 Winter 2019
Theories of Addiction
Overcoming addiction is simply a matter of willpower
Myth or Reality
Myth: Prolonged exposure to AODs alters the brain in ways that
result in powerful cravings and a compulsion to use. These
brain changes make it extremely difficult to quit by sheer force
of will.
People who are addicted have to hit rock bottom before they can
get better.
Myth: Recovery can begin at any point in the addiction
process—and the earlier, the better.
Addiction is a disease, so there’s nothing that can be done about
it.
Myth: Although the disease model is widely accepted, this
13. doesn’t mean people are helpless. The brain changes associated
with addiction can be treated and reversed
People who are forced (e.g., courts) into treatment are just as
successful as those who volunteer
Reality: People who are pressured into treatment by their
family, employer, or the legal system are just as likely to
benefit as those who choose to enter treatment on their own
Defective spirit and the inner choice of conscious.
THEORIES OF ADDICTION
MORAL MODEL
Moral weakness and character defects lead to addiction
Very little sympathy or empathy for people that have chronic
addictions.
Individual choices are the main theme of this model.
Treatment?
Recovery or abstinence is achieved through the use of
willpower and discipline, and the development of a virtuous
lifestyle
Religion is required in order to be ethical and moral
It wasn’t until the 1930s that other theories were being
introduced academically.
ENLIGHTENMENT MODEL
Addiction is considered a disease that is lifelong and
progressive.
The dominant proponents of this model are twelve step
fellowships such as Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics
Anonymous.
Individuals are held responsible for the problem but not the
solution.
They become enlightened to the nature of their problem and to
the action deemed necessary to
14. overcome the concern.
Problems were caused primarily by their impulse and behavior
Control of these problems are outside their power -
Solution
lies outside of the individual.
“Every addict, including the potential addict, suffers from an
incurable disease of mind, body and spirit”
From this perspective the answer for the “addict” is to desist
from substance use or any other behaviors fueled by the
addiction.
To change the “addict” must become enlightened, by realizing
that change is possible only by relinquishing personal control to
a ‘higher power’.
THEORIES OF ADDICTION
HEREDITY
Traits are passed through generations by genetic make-up.
Genes determine eye color, initial structure and chemistry of
the nervous system etc .
Determine responses to stress, temperament, and internal
reactions.
15. There are over 100 genes associated with alcohol/drug abuse.
DRD2A1 Allele (shortage of dopamine receptors)
MAO-A Monoamine Oxidase (“Warrior Gene”)
Enzymes responsible for breaking down the neurotransmitters —
serotonin, dopamine, and adrenalin
5
THEORIES OF ADDICTION
MEDICAL/DISEASE MODEL
This model defines AOD addiction as a medical disorder
There is something that is uncharacteristic which leads to
behavioral impairment.
The individual is unable to control their craving for AODs.
An individual is not cured even if they are able to stop using
AODs (dormant).
Substance addiction affects both behavior and the brain, thus
neurochemical and behavioral processes are impaired during the
16. development of the disease
Treatment?
This concept places a higher priority on neurotransmitter
regulation as a treatment approach and, originally, it was
believed that medical professionals were the most competent to
effectively treat addiction; however, the model has evolved to
include behavioral therapies and self-help groups as part of the
treatment approach.
Psychological or Character Logical Model
Concentrates on what takes place in order for a person to start
using substances.
Biology does not cause a person to take that first drink or drug -
It must be psychologically motivated - views everyone as being
vulnerable to addiction
An abnormal character or personality trait is what causes a
person to become addicted
Degrees of personal and psychological defects that pre-dispose
an individual to these “addictive personality” traits
Assisting in changing the personality of these individuals
Treatment?
Examples?
Poor impulse control, ineffectual coping mechanism to stress,
being manipulative, portraying a big ego
17. Learning Theory
A series of behaviors, rewards, and experiences that all work in
tandem to reinforce the learned habit of addiction.
There are three different types of learning that
reinforce addiction: classical conditioning, operant
conditioning, and social learning.
*People who find relief in a pleasurable behavior are more
likely to engage in that behavior again.
2 fundamental types of learning that apply to humans and
animals
learning by paired association, called classical conditioning
Examples?
learning from the consequences of a behavioral choice,
called operant conditioning. Examples?
People learn through observation that addictive behaviors can
be used to: Cope with stress, depression, anxiety or anger, feel
more relaxed and sociable, escape from pain.
A third type of learning is called social learning.
*Social learning occurs when we learn something by observi ng
others. Examples?
18. THEORIES OF ADDICTION
DIATHESIS - STRESS MODEL
The result of an interaction between a predispositional
vulnerability (biological and/or genetic) and a stress caused by
life experiences.
Stressful conditions/experiences play a precipitating or
facilitating role.
If the individual is resilient or has low biological vulnerability,
it would take extremely high levels of stress to trigger
symptoms.
If the individual has high biological vulnerability to the
disorder, then it would take lower levels of stress for symptoms
to be exhibited.
Until this critical level of stress is reached, the individual will
function normally, and the biological vulnerability would not
manifest.
Therefore, this model helps to explain why some, but not all ,
people exhibit psychological/behavioral disorders, even though
they may all experience similar environmental stressors.
Protective vs. Risk Factors?
Implications?
19. As the addiction treatment field has evolved, it continues to
move away from punitive dogmatic approaches to more client
centered holistic approaches.
Strengths based models of addiction treatment integrate a
variety of influential components that enhance our
understanding and ability to effectively treat the entire
individual within his or her social, cultural, psychological,
spiritual and biological contexts.
Addiction is recognized as a complex disorder that involves
biological, psychological, social, and spiritual components and
therefore must be conceptualized and treated utilizing the
biopsychosocial-spiritual model.
Biological section – includes information about the client’s
medical history (past and present, including medications),
family history of medical illnesses, substance abuse history,
developmental history, and physical functioning and abilities
Spiritual section – includes information on the client’s spiritual
20. beliefs, participation in faith-based activities, connections to
organized religion, and spiritual practices and resources
Social section – includes information on the client’s social
functioning, living situation, personal and family relationships,
sexuality, family background, history of abuse, educational
background, legal history, employment history, potential risks,
and strengths and resources available to support the client
Psychological section – includes information about any
psychiatric symptoms or illnesses the client is currently
experiencing, or has experienced in the past, mental status,
family history of mental illness, psychiatric medications or
treatments (past and present), and psychosocial stressors or
traumatic events
Cultural section – includes information about the client’s
cultural background, participation in cultural activities and
traditions, cultural norms surrounding health, mental health, and
social roles, worldview, and cultural practices and resources
MORAL MODEL
People who become addicted are seen as morally weak with
poor willpower, and they must will their way through addiction
in order to recover.
21. THE ENLIGHTENMENT MODEL
The enlightenment model is espoused by Alcoholics Anonymous
and other 12-step philosophies and requires people to seek
recovery by turning the problem over to a higher power.
Emerged in response to the moral and enlightenment models
that placed blame on the addict for his or her problem.
In the medical model, the addict is responsible neither for the
development of the problem nor for its resolution.
Biological/genetic predisposition for addiction, an underlying
disease process, and assumes that the disease is progressive.
Only treated through medical intervention and by medical
professionals
THE MEDICAL/DISEASE MODEL
Most illnesses, disorders, and syndromes, including substance
use disorders, are caused by the interaction of numerous factors
– biological, psychological, social, cultural, cognitive,
environmental, and spiritual.
As such . . . ALL must be taken into consideration in prevention
and treatment efforts
BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL-SPIRITUAL MODEL (BPSS)
Timeline
22. How Do Drugs Affect the Brain?
Sara Garofalo
Narration by Addison Anderson
TED-ED Video
References
Creative Commons. Open Source Images.
https://creativecommons.org/
Hanselman, D. & Dudek, D. (2017). Peer Recovery Coach: The
Art of Mentoring. Marygrove College.
Inaba, D. (2014). Uppers, downers, and all arounders. 8th
Edition. Drug Education Textbook. CNS Productions.
http://www.cnsproductions.com
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA).
http://www.nida.nih.gov/index.html
Noble, E. (2000). The DRD2 gene in psychiatric and
neurological disorders and its phenotypes. Alcohol Research
Center, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences
23. and the Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los
Angeles
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
http://www.samhsa.gov/
.MsftOfcThm_Accent1_Fill {
fill:#4472C4;
}
.MsftOfcThm_Accent1_Stroke {
stroke:#4472C4;
}
1
Industry-funded Tufts Center for the Study of Drug
Development, manufacturers have posited that it costs
about $2.6 billion dollars to develop a new drug.
The cost, according to consumer advocacy groups like Public
Citizen, is actually closer to $161 million—an amount
manufacturers can sometimes make back within days of
24. introducing a product.
Federal government funds 84 percent of initial drug research,
and charitable organizations additionally contribute on top of
that.
*A recent study showed that all 210 of the new drugs approved
by the FDA between 2010 and 2016 were funded by the
National Institutes of Health.
Big Pharma’s Big Lie
Reference
Cleary, E. G., Beierlein, J. M., Khanuja, N. S., McNamee, L.
M., & Ledley, F. D. (2018). Contribution of NIH funding to new
drug approvals 2010–2016. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences, 115(10), 2329-2334.
While the drug industry purports to focus on cures
for Alzheimer’s, rare cancers, and other neglected diseases, it
actually prioritizes drugs for non-life-threatening conditions
like male baldness.
78% of patents recently approved by the FDA were for
medications already on the market
1 % of R&D funding was allotted to rare and neglected diseases
2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQZ2UeOTO3I
25. 3
High drug prices reflect the value of a drug; if a drugs cures a
condition, it will allow patients to avoid the costs of future
treatment.
Myth or Reality
Myth: Many high-cost drugs help individuals manage chronic
conditions and are not cures.
Most drugs dispensed are generic, and only the prices of brand-
name blockbuster drugs are increasing dramatically.
Myth: Drug manufacturers have increased the prices even for
older, generic drugs that are widely used.
Myth: Eight out of 10 major drug manufacturers spend more on
advertising than on research and development
Myth: Big Pharma has gamed the system by “evergreening”
patents, colluding to fix prices, and
engaging in “pay-for-delay” schemes
High prices are necessary to fund the development of new drugs
Myth: it took an act of Congress, known as the Orphan Drug
Act, nearly 35 years ago to get drug manufacturers to be
willing to develop drugs for people suffering from rare
diseases
Without special incentives, drug manufacturers would be
26. unable to afford to develop drugs for rare diseases and
conditions.
The pharmaceutical industry is interested public health over
profit
A Brief Introduction to the Science of Pharmacology
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-
ND
4
What is “pharmacology”?
What is Pharmacology - Video
5
“The science concerned with drugs, their sources, appearance,
chemistry, actions and uses.” (Farlex Partner Medical
Dictionary, 2012)
There are two broad divisions of pharmacology:
Pharmacokinetics (PK) refers to the movement of drugs through
the body.
27. Pharmacodynamics (PD) refers to the body’s biological
response to drugs.
6
Efficacy
Safety Profile
Route Of Administration
Route Of Elimination
Dosing Frequency
Cost
What are some considerations when prescribing or taking drugs?
**Risks and benefits of the drug should always be assessed;
every drug poses some risk
(The ability to produce the desired or intended result)
Also, one’s . . .
Age
Sex
Other Medical Problems
Likelihood Of Pregnancy
Other Genetic Determinants
28. Pharmacology and Drugs of Abuse
Drugs of abuse work by changing the biological function of
target cells through chemical action.
They strengthen or weaken a potential that already exists in the
body.
Drugs of abuse target the cells of the central nervous system.
7
Prime Effect and Side Effect
Prime Effect ~ the desired effect the drug is expected to have.
Side Effect ~ the unwanted effects of the drug.
Side effects intensity can vary from mild and to severe – even
life threatening.
?
8
Name a medication you have used. What was the desired effect?
What was the undesired side effect?
Can you name a desired effect and unwanted side effect from an
illicit drug?
29. Method (Route) of Administration (how it is taken)
Influences the intensity of the drug’s primary and side effects.
The method of taking the drug impacts . . .
The speed with which the compound begins to have an effect
(speed of onset)
The way the compound is distributed throughout the body
The intensity of its effects
The speed of onset of the side effects
9
Method of Administration (how it is taken)
Inhalation (Inhaling)
Intravenous Injection (Into the vein)
Intramuscular Injection (Into the muscle)
Subcutaneous Injection (Under the skin)
Intranasal (Snorting)
Ingesting (Oral)
30. Transdermal (Through the skin)
Sublingual (Under the Tongue)
Rectal (In the Rectum)
Debra Hanselman, LMSW, MHA 1500 Fall 2018
10
Do you remember which mode of administration has the fastest
onset? (7 – 10 seconds)
Which mode of administration, other than transdermal, has the
slowest onset? (20 – 30 minutes)
Debra Hanselman, LMSW, MHA 1500 Fall 2018
11
The Process: From Use to Elimination
The chemical must be . . .
Absorbed into the system
Distributed throughout the cells of the body
Transported through the blood system
Water-soluble chemicals intermix with blood plasma (Ex.
31. Alcohol)
Lipid-soluble chemicals bind to molecules in the blood and
become concentrated in the brain (Ex. Marijuana)
*Biotransformation is the body’s process of filtering dangerous
chemicals (Metabolized by kidneys, lungs, sweat glands, liver,
gall bladder and bile ducts)
*Elimination is the process of removing the chemical from the
system.
Drug Half-Life
Elimination half-life – the time the body needs to eliminate 50%
of a single dose of a chemical. Also known as t ½
13
Why is this important?
Drug Dosages
Effective Dose – desired response of the drug in the system
Overdose – too large a dose alters the body’s functions and can
lead to -
Lethal Dose – too large a dose alters the body’s function so
32. much the user dies
14
*LD50 is the dose which causes death in 50% of the
participants.
Therapeutic Threshold and Peak Effects
Therapeutic threshold is the minimal level at which the drug is
effective
Peak Effects is greatest effect the drug will deliver
15
Site of Action
Where the chemical carries out its main effects.
Psychoactive chemicals carry out the action in the central
nervous system (CNS)
Thus psychoactive chemicals can become drugs of abuse and
dependence
33. The CNS has approximately 100 billion neurons
One neuron releases chemical molecules (neurotransmitters) to
transmit the brain chemical across the space (synapse) to the
receiving neuron.
There are over 150 brain chemicals that function as
neurotransmitters
Only some are affected by drugs of abuse.
16
Neurotransmitter Reuptake
The process where the releasing neuron takes back some of the
chemical that did not make it across the synapse to be reused.
Neurons can “fire” (send brain chemicals) up to 200 times per
second.
Reuptake makes it possible for the neuron to use less energy
because it can make less new neurotransmitter chemicals.
17
Tolerance
34. Tolerance to a chemical means a shorter duration and less
intensity of the drug effects after repeated use.
In other words – it take more of the chemical than before to get
the desired effect.
Therefore – one must use more of the chemical to get the
desired effect.
18
Types of Tolerance
Metabolic Tolerance – The proficiency of metabolizing the
chemical
Behavioral Tolerance – Behavior of the individual indicates a
lower dose despite having used much more of the chemical.
Cross Tolerance – When two chemicals target the same neuron
receptor sites the receptors will become less sensitive to one of
the chemicals (so they don’t work as well)
Reverse Tolerance – When lower doses of the chemical
produces the same effect as higher doses taken before …
example?
19
35. Agonists and Antagonists
Agonists – The drug activates a receptor site by mimicking or
enhancing the actions of a natural neurotransmitter
Antagonists – Bind to the receptor site without activating it
(blocking transmission)
20
Blood Brain Barrier
Blood actually touching the neurons of the brain is not good for
it and cause a great deal of harm – even death.
Therefore, blood capillaries are surrounded by a thin layer of
cells (screen) that separate the brain from direct contact with
the circulatory system, yet allows molecules such as glucose,
iron, and vitamins to enter the neurons.
This protects the brain from toxins or micro-organisms that
would destroy it.
Debra Hanselman, LMSW, MHA 1500 Fall 2018
21
36. 22
The Blood-Brain Barrier
A network of blood vessels and tissue that is made up of closely
spaced cells and helps keep harmful substances from reaching
the brain.
Bioavailability?
Epidemiology
Epidemiology is the researched study, analysis, and outcomes of
the distribution (who, when, and where) and determinants of
health and disease conditions in defined populations.
23
Can anyone give an example of an epidemiological study or
suggest one?
24
Pharmacotherapy is the treatment of a disorder or disease with
medication.
In the treatment of addiction, medications are used to . . .
reduce the intensity of withdrawal symptoms,
39. Barbiturates are a class of drugs that were used extensively in
the 1960s and 1970s as a treatment for anxiety, insomnia,
seizure disorders and as an anesthetic.
Apart from a few specific indications, they are not commonly
prescribed these days, having been largely superseded by
benzodiazepines.
Barbiturates
Side Affects
Confusion
Diarrhea
Dizziness
Drowsiness
Headaches
Irritability
Low blood pressure
Nausea and vomiting
Vertigo.
Barbiturates are extremely dangerous and addictive
Overdose Symptoms:
Difficulty concentrating
Impaired judgment
Incoordination
40. Sluggishness
Speech disturbances
Staggering
Unusually slow and shallow breathing
Coma and death.
Street Names: Yellows, Barbs, Yellow Jackets, Phennies, Red
Birds, Reds, Downers, Red Devils, Blue Birds, and Rainbows
Most Common: Mephobarbital, Phenobarbital, Butabarbital,
Butalbital
Benzodiazepines (Benzos)
Prescribing Practices
Alcohol & Opiate Withdrawal
Anxiety & Depression
Bipolar Disorder
Borderline Personality Disorder
Epilepsy &Seizures
Insomnia & Night Terrors
Muscle Spasm
Nausea/Vomiting
They are some of the most commonly prescribed & abused
medications in the United States.
Most Common
41. Xanax
Klonopin
Librium
Valium
Ativan
Restoril
Halcion
Although more than 2,000 different benzodiazepines have been
produced, only about 15 are currently FDA-approved in the
United States.
Intoxication Effects
Trouble breathing or inability to breathe.
Bluish fingernails and lips.
Confusion and disorientation.
Extreme dizziness.
Blurred vision or double vision.
Weakness.
Uncoordinated muscle movements.
Tremors.
Profoundly altered mental status.
Stupor.
Coma.
42. ALCOHOL
Types of alcohol
Ethyl alcohol or ethanol – grain alcohol
Methyl – wood alcohol
Isopropyl – rubbing alcohol
By 1790, Americans consumed an average of 5.8 gallons of
alcohol per person each year; by 1830, this figure peaked to 7.1
gallons (compared to 2.3 gallons today).
A brief History of Alcohol Production & Consumption
The Temperance Movement (early-mid 1800s) ?
In 1919, the 18th Amendment banned the manufacturing and
selling of alcohol
In 1935, Bill Wilson (Bill W.) and Dr. Bob Smith (Dr. Bob)
formed Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and published Alcoholics
Anonymous in 1939
In 1952, the American Medical Association first defined
alcoholism.
43. In 1967, the AMA redefined alcoholism as a complex disease
The temperance movement spearheaded by female or religious
groups; wanted to cease alcohol drinking; preceded the
constitution
5
Scope of the Problem
2.4 million people worldwide lose their lives to alcohol -related
illness or injuries.
In the U.S. 90% of adults will consume alcohol at some point in
their lives.
60+% of U.S. adults have drunk to the point of intoxication in
the last year.
10 – 20% of adults who consume alcohol will meet criteria for
an AUD
An individual’s pattern of alcohol use changes over time.
Some social drinkers become problem drinkers – while – some
abusive drinkers can become abstinent or controlled.
AUD – Related Info
Most alcohol dependent people experience their first
44. psychosocial or medical problem related to drinking in their 20s
or 30s.
Most will seek treatment in their 40s.
Most are not like the “skid-row” vision of a daily drinker.
Debbie Hanselman, LMSW OCC MH1500 Winter 2019
Tolerance
As a person consumes alcohol on a regular basis the body
adapts to the continued presence of alcohol.
This causes the person to drink more for the same effect –
known as metabolic tolerance.
What were the 3 other types of tolerance
We discussed?
Behavioral Tolerance – Behavior of the individual indicates a
lower dose despite having used much more of the chemical.
Cross Tolerance – When two chemicals target the same neuron
45. receptor sites the receptors will become less sensitive to one of
the chemicals (so they don’t work as well)
Reverse Tolerance – When lower doses of the chemical
produces the same effect as higher doses taken before
Alcohol is metabolized by a healthy liver at the rate of – 1 oz
eliminated every 3 hours
When too much alcohol is consumed the liver cannot metabolize
it at the same rate.
This can cause alcohol overdose or alcohol poisoning – because
alcohol depresses the CNS – it causes pass-out, respiratory and
cardiac failure, coma and death can occur
Critical Signs for Alcohol Poisoning
Mental confusion, stupor, coma, or person cannot be roused.
Vomiting.
46. Seizures.
Slow breathing (fewer than eight breaths per minute).
Irregular breathing (10 seconds or more between breaths).
Hypothermia (low body temperature), bluish skin color,
paleness.
Debbie Hanselman, LMSW OCC MH1500 Winter 2019
What Can Happen to Someone With Alcohol Poisoning That
Goes Untreated?
Victim chokes on his or her own vomit.
Breathing slows, becomes irregular, or stops.
Heart beats irregularly or stops.
Hypothermia (low body temperature).
Hypoglycemia (too little blood sugar) leads to seizures.
Untreated severe dehydration from vomiting can cause seizures,
permanent brain damage, or death.
ALCOHOL RELATED DISEASES
Alcoholic Hepatitis – Inflammation of Liver
47. Cirrhosis – Kills Liver Cells / Causes Scarring
Fatty Liver – Accumulation of Fatty Acids
Gastritis – Stomach Inflammation
Pancreatitis – Inflammation of The Pancreas
Cardiomyopathy – Enlarged Heart
Hypertension
Hyperglycemia / Hypoglycemia
Debbie Hanselman, LMSW OCC MH1500 Winter 2019
Alcohol related brain dysfunctions include:
Wernicke-Korsakoff’s Disease
Symptoms of Wernicke’s Encephalopathy
Ataxia - lack of muscle control or coordination of voluntary
movements
Mental Status Changes - dementia and delirium as well as
psychiatric illnesses
Nystagmus or ocular changes - involuntary eye movement
Korsakoff’s syndrome – Thiamine depletion induced brain
damage.
Symptoms of Korsakoff’s syndrome
Memory loss
48. Inability to retain new information
Disconnection of the neural between neurons are destroyed
14
Severe Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms
Usually begins 8 – 12 hours after last drink
Includes all of the previously mentioned and
Perceptual Distortion
Hallucinations
Hyperthermia
Sepsis
Cardiac Arrhythmias
Seizure
Convulsions
Debbie Hanselman, LMSW OCC MH1500 Winter 2019
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
49. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are a group of
conditions that can occur in a person whose mother drank
alcohol during pregnancy.
These effects can include physical problems and problems with
behavior and learning. Often, a person with an FASD has a mix
of these problems.
It is 100% preventable!!!!
Debbie Hanselman, LMSW OCC MH1500 Winter 2019
17
Slide 5-16
Fetal damage from alcohol is often not apparent at birth. Much
of the damage is to the nervous system. ARND may not be
recognizable for years. (pp. 223–225)
It is 100% preventable!!!!
There is no known safe amount of alcohol during pregnancy or
when trying to get pregnant.
50. There is also no safe time to drink during pregnancy.
All types of alcohol are equally harmful, including all wines
and beer.
THE FACE OF FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME
Debbie Hanselman, LMSW OCC MH1500 Winter 2019
References
Center for Disease Control.
http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fasd/facts.html
Creative Commons. Open Source Images.
https://creativecommons.org/
Doweiko, H. (2015). Concepts of Chemical dependency. ninth
edition. Cengage learning.
Gearing, R., McNeill, T., & Lozier, F. (2005). Father
Involvement and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: Developing
Best Practices. Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Social
Work, Toronto, Ontario. JFAS Int. 2005.
http://www.motherisk.org/JFAS_documents/JFAS%205003F_e1
4.pdf
51. Hanselman, D. & Dudek, D. (2017). Peer Recovery Coach: The
Art of Mentoring. Marygrove College.
Inaba, D. (2016). Uppers, Downers, and All Arounders. CNS
Productions.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
http://www.samhsa.gov/
Debbie Hanselman, LMSW OCC MH1500 Winter 2019