Cocaine Essay

Cocaine Essay
My report is on the drug cocaine. I will tell mainly how it affects the body and nervous system. I
also have included where Cocaine comes from to help understand exactly what we're talking about,
and to clear up any misunderstanding about the drug.
Cocaine is both a central nervous system stimulant and an anesthetic. It is found in the leaves of the
coca plant. The traditional method of coca use is to chew the leaves, producing a mild stimulation.
Outside of South America it is generally used in it's more refined and extracted forms, either powder
cocaine, or freebase cocaine and makes a much stronger effect than chewing the leaves. The term
"Crack" is alternately used to refer to street quality freebase cocaine, or to refer to ...
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It is sucked on rather than chewed. It is still a common practice for a mother to introduce her young
to the coca experience by preparing the wad of leaves in her mouth and then transferring it to the
mouth of her child. In this way the proper amount of lime will be present in the first wad of leaves
the child uses, which ensures that the first experience with coca will be a positive one. Cocaine was
first extracted from coca in the 19th cent. and was at first hailed as a miracle drug. After all, it was
used for a lot of things such as in dentistry.
Most coca is grown in Peru, Bolivia, and Colombia. The farmers, for whom it is a relatively well–
paying crop, harvest and dry the leaves, which are then processed into coca paste. Cocaine base is
extracted from the paste in informal laboratories, usually in Peru or Bolivia. Further processing
continues in Colombia, where the white powder, cocaine hydrochloride, is produced for export.
Once in the United States, the cocaine is cut (diluted) with ingredients such as lactose, and sold or
further processed into crack. Drug dealers make a lot of money off of Cocaine. The reason why this
is, is because in South America, it's very cheap for the stuff while in North America, the price shoots
up quite a bit.
Drugs can affect the body in a variety of ways, causing changes in the brain, the nervous system,
and the synapses between nerves. Stimulants in particular, increase the release of
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Andean Cocaine Essay
Andean Cocaine traces the obscure processes and transformations of the global coca and cocaine
commodity chain. Gootenberg documents the lore of the Andean coca leaf, the birth of cocaine as a
medical commodity, the early twentieth–century decline cocaine, and its reemergence as a global
illicit good following World War II. The commodity chain of coca and cocaine began with the
extraction of alkaloidal cocaine from the dried Andean coca leaf. This discovery by German doctoral
student Albert Niemann would soon transform cocaine into a world drug commodity. Initially,
cocaine was essential as a high–value medical commodity. Medical uses of cocaine included
treatment of opiate addiction, hay fever, asthma, or other respiratory ailments. Cocaine's greatest
medical impact in the United States was as a local anesthetic during surgery. In Europe, cocaine's
commodity chain was defined by the coca elixir Vin Mariani developed by Corsican physician and
chemist Angelo Mariani. Cultivated by Peruvian and Bolivian peasants living in the Andean
Mountains, the coca leaf would be dried and shipped to the United States or Europe for refining.
Due to the herb's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The scientific interest in cocaine was part of an awakening of Peruvian scientific nationalism.
Lima's medical elites and modern chemistry transformed the coca plant into medicinal cocaine in the
nineteenth century. Peruvians took an herb that held deep cultural meanings in Incan history and
changed it into an exclusive and modern good. This early study of coca combined science and
patriotism. Peruvian scientist's proximity and experiences lent a privileged place as compared to
scientists in Europe. With help from Peruvians like Moreno y Maíz and J. C. Ulloa, elite scientific
nationalism made local and traditional coca and universal and scientifically modern cocaine into
national subjects, or what Gootenberg calls "highland

The Effects of Cocaine on the Brain
Cocaine Addiction Tonya Hall Research Writing/COM 220 May 16, 2010 Felecia Squires
Cocaine addiction affects an entire family ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By the time he was 14 he was already snorting cocaine. He lies all the time, steals money from his
mother's purse and take items from the house. He does all of this to feed his addiction to cocaine.
His family doesn't want to give up on him but they are divided about what to do to help him
overcome this addiction. His addiction has split the family down the middle some wanting to
continue enabling him and others wanting to let him go completely. The one thing they do agree on
is if Chad continues down this path of destruction his actions would result in his death. A person's
cocaine addiction creates disorder and chaos for the entire family. When a person succumbs to the
addiction of cocaine family responsibilities are pushed to the back burner. The addiction then
becomes priority over everything that was once important. Children are neglected, abandoned, and
in some cases mentally and physically abused (Nazario, 1997). Cocaine addition causes a person
who once enjoyed spending time with family to become isolated and withdrawn because they would
rather be doing drugs with other addicts. Drug use is very harmful because it will eventually take
over a person's life. When a person becomes desperate to use drugs he or she, will do anything to get
them. They will steal money or items to sell to get their hands on drugs (Winkel, 2009). A drug
addict will do just about

Cocaine verus Crack Cocaine
Cocaine originated from South America, from coca leaves. Originally, the coca leaves were chewed
by workers to decrease fatigue, improve endurance and have a greater resistance to the cold. This
was to benefit the workers so they could work longer hours and be more productive. In 1855 the
active ingredient in cocaine was isolated from the leaves, and in 1880 it was used as a local
anesthetic (Nunes,2006). It was also used in coca cola. In 1855, coca cola was a soda beverage that
contained sixty milligrams of cocaine for every eight ounces of the beverage. The idea behind this
was to give people energy and a sense of well being (Nunes, 2006). By the late 1880s Sigmund
Freud was using cocaine regularly and was even recommending it to others. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The third method is intraperitoneal which is in the stomach. Lastly, there is intravenous which is into
the veins. Intravenous injection results in intense affects within 30 seconds of the injection (Volkow,
2013). This method is thought to be most common when thinking of heavy drug users because of the
fast results. The next route of administration for cocaine is intranasal. This is where cocaine is
snorted or sniffed up the nose. This is the most common way that cocaine is administered. Intranasal
routes require ten to fifteen minutes for the desired effect of cocaine to begin. The last method is
inhalation. This is where cocaine is smoked. The effect of inhaling cocaine is felt almost
immediately; however, the effects do not last more than five to fifteen minutes (Volkow, 2013). This
method is less likely with cocaine since it is the only way for crack to be administered. Cocaine is
readily absorbed after oral and intranasal administration, but the onset of drug action is slower and
the peak effect is takes longer period of time to be reached than with other routes of administration.
Cocaine is processed rapidly with most of its effects vanishing twenty to eighty minutes after
administration (Volkow, 2013). Cocaine and crack cocaine is eliminated through the urine and is
detectible up to two to three days after administration. The route of administration is chosen by the
user, and is addictive from whichever route is chosen. They become

Cocaine Essay
Cocaine
First of all this research paper will examine the history of cocaine, answer exactly who used it,
effects of the drug and its addictive nature. People choose to write about cocaine so that others can
clearly see and understand its historical origins and dangerous properties. Those who experiment
with drugs should become aware of their dangerous effects and take caution. The more people that
become knowledgeable about cocaine, the more they can protect themselves from seriously
endangering themselves. Cocaine users that are seriously dependent on the drug can seek treatment
and rehabilitate. Most cocaine users do not realize they have a problem until it becomes too late.
Much like the alcoholic, a cocaine dependent's body ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This fact could be attributed as to why there is so much crime in major cities where there are so
many people in such small areas. Where the users are, the drug dealers would eventually come and
so it got more and more out of control. The habit would drain them financially and then emotionally
as they said they "needed it."
The findings and results of these case studies showed cocaine users in a dangerous light. The
researchers reached the conclusion that "social factors influenced paranoia and hallucinations even
at high consumption levels and [they] can attribute these findings to differences in learning between
novice and experienced users" (Erickson, et al 206). The amount of cocaine using friends one has
plays a role in the amount of cocaine consumed and the effects it has on the individual compared to
if one took the drug alone. These factors are significantly different when it comes to the difference
between crack and powder users. A study conducted in the early nineties found "significantly higher
levels [of toxicity] than chewing or snorting occur after intravenous use [injection]" (Karch The
Pathology of Drug Abuse 20). The drug enters the bloodstream immediately upon injection which
helps bring the user to a faster "high." This route of administration can be extremely addictive as the
user will want more and more to achieve the same effect.
The problematic effects

Cocaine Addiction
Baby boomers will certainly remember the onset of the disco era in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
It was a time when America was in transition and liberal values were taking over the country. It's
also the time frame when cocaine became America's drug of choice. As the new drug flowed free in
dance clubs all around the country, drug cocaine was the star of the evening. There was no negative
stigma associated with people who chose to partake because everyone was doing it and law
enforcement couldn't keep up.
What Changed for Drug Cocaine?
As the saying goes, "all good things must come to and end." America had its love affair with drug
cocaine until the mid–1980s when the drug was forced underground. Make no mistake about it,
cocaine didn't ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unfortunately, each generation of the drug has proven to be more dangerous than the next. The illicit
drug community has also introduced dozens of new synthetic substances to takeover as the party
crowd's drug of choice. Cocaine has not disappeared. Instead, it has morphed into an illegal narcotic
that still gets its fair share of users.
About Cocaine Addiction Today
Cocaine remains a highly addictive substance. In many cases, the associated addiction seems to be
taking a greater toll on addicts today than it did yesteryear. The only thing that seems to have gotten
better is the quality of addiction treatment. Today, premiere rehab centers like Beaches Recovery can
offer a wider range of treatment options, which they can customize specifically for cocaine
addiction.
Beaches Recovery and Individualized Care
Our Beaches Recovery treatment center takes a unique approach to treatment. We choose to treat
every patient and every addiction as a unique set of circumstances with a specific sets of needs.
Among the treatment services we offer are the following"
In–house detox
Outpatient and intensive outpatient care
Inpatient residential care, primary and extended care of over 90 days
Partial hospitalization with therapy
Family residential

Cocaine : Drugs And Drugs
Cocaine
The drug known as cocaine refers to the powder substance extracted from coca leaves. Cocaine is
often diluted with fillers or adulterants like talcum powder, sugar, caffeine, lidocaine, or even
amphetamines to increase the amount of product available for distributors and dealers to sell. This
drug is highly addictive, and many fall quickly into abuse patterns; eventually developing an
addiction problem. Cocaine users come from all walks of life and occupations; ranging from the
wealthiest persons in the world to individuals living in poverty.
What is cocaine?
What is cocaine? Cocaine is known by many different names: Blow, Charlie, Nose Candy and Coke
just to list a few. As a very strong stimulant, this drug has few accepted medical uses. It is a schedule
II substance described by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) as: "...drugs with a high
potential for abuse, with use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence.
These drugs are also considered dangerous."
Cocaine is used medically for numbing and reducing bleeding during nasal surgery. Recreationally,
cocaine is often abused for its ability to create a sense of euphoria, increase the user's energy level,
bring on feelings of happiness, as well as to diminish feelings of fatigue and hunger.
When used recreationally, cocaine is typically sniffed in its powdered form. Users will create lines
of cocaine (sometimes known rails), then use rolled up banknotes, a piece of paper, a straw or

Colorimetric Cocaine Detection
Colorimetric sensors have significant advantages for on–site and point–of–care detections because
these sensing platforms can minimize or even eliminate the requirement of analytical instruments
and made naked–eye observation highly achievable. The colorimetric detection of cocaine was
reported based on the catalytic activity of the peroxidase mimicking (G–quadruplex DNAzyme) in
the TMB–H2O2 reaction system.243 One of the aptamer fragments was modified on amine–
functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and another was kept in the solution. The binding of
cocaine brought two fragments on the MNP, forming a three–way junction on the surface. The G–
quadruplex DNAzyme then catalyzed TMB–H2O2 reaction system, producing the color change. A
detection limit of 50 nM was obtained by taking the advantages of MNP separation. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fan et al developed a simple colorimetric assay for cocaine detection by using unmodified
AuNPs.244 In the absence of cocaine, the AuNPs were in red because the non–specific adsorption
of aptamer fragments to the AuNPs stabilized the particles against salt–induced aggregation. The
AuNPs formed blue aggregates in the presence of cocaine due to the formation of aptamer–cocaine
tertiary

Cocaine Research Paper
Cocaine, otherwise known as white girl is a drug that should stay illegal. White girl is a drug that is
relatively new; it's only been around for a little more than 200 years. Cocaine is a drug that messes
ones system up drastically. Cocaine high lasts for about 30 minutes. Cocaine is a drug that comes
from a specific type of leaf. These leaves are called Elythroxylon coca bush. This plant is mainly
found in Andean highlands of South America. However, most cocaine in the United States, comes
from Colombia. This being that there are annual, or rather monthly, shipments of the coca plant
being sent to factories where it's concentrated and extracted to create it. There are two main forms in
which cocaine comes. The two forms in which cocaine ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There seems to be no real effort in trying to help people not even take it. There are many places that
help one after intake and when a person possibly becomes an addict, but why can't there be as many
places that prevent contact with the drug altogether. There are also other ways to take in cocaine.
Rather not cocaine, but its plant self. Many people have also come to chew cocaine leaves and even
put it in their teas. This way of using it first started back in the Inca Civilization. These people
believed that coca was a grand gift from the gods. The coca leaf is just as bad as the cocaine itself.
Point is, anything in general that is associated with cocaine, can usually be classified as a bad thing
for everyone else. Pure cocaine was first extracted in 1859. In a sense this was the year in which
what some people call as, "The drug of the devil" was created. Throughout time, people have tried
and tried to stop cocaine from expanding but as history has shown, many if not all of those attempts
have resulted in failure. Cocaine is a drug that not many believe will ever go away due to the fact
that so many people intake it on a very regular basis and they do not believe that cocaine will die out
soon. The only thing that many believe can even come close to stopping it is chasing down and
shutting

Powder Is A Form Of Cocaine
Cocaine is a stimulant. It causes the heart to beat faster and that can cause high blood pressure, heart
attacks, and strokes. Sometimes the heart beats so fast that it actually stops. Emergency doctors are
taught to diagnose cocaine first for young patients with no past heart disease history, because
cocaine causes frequent heart problems.
Powder is a form of cocaine. A person can snort it and have it be absorbed through the nasal tissue.
It can also be mixed with water and injected it into the bloodstream. Which lasts longer, compared
to smoking it.
Crack is also a form of cocaine, called freebase cocaine. Crack is processed to make a rock crystal,
and the crystal is heated to make vapors. Those vapors get to the bloodstream by the
lungs.

After many thousands of years of people chewing on coca leaves from South America to obtain their
mildly stimulating effects, the chemical substance, cocaine, is now extracted from that same leaf and
is currently classified as a Schedule II drug. Cocaine is a stimulant and can be used legally, in some
cases, by medical providers as a type of anesthesia. It is more well–known as an illegal, highly
addictive drug that also goes by other names such as coke, snow, and blow. When the chemical
cocaine was initially being removed from the coca leaf, more than one–hundred years ago, it was
being used as an additive in early medications and in drinks. In the late 1800's and very early 1900's
cocaine was an ingredient in the popular soda Coca–Cola. In the early 1900's the addictive nature of
products containing cocaine were becoming a concern and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, approximately 750,000 pregnant women per
year use cocaine to some degree (NIDA, 2016). A typical woman's body goes through numerous
changes during pregnancy. A pregnant woman who is using cocaine puts her and the fetus at an
increased risk for miscarriage, preterm labor, and a difficult delivery. The mother may suffer from
maternal migraines or seizures because of cocaine use. A mother who is using is also at an increased
risk for maternal and fetal difficulties associated with high blood pressure. At delivery, the baby may
have a low birth weight, be small in length, and may have a smaller head circumference than a baby
born to a mother who did not use during pregnancy. Continued research is needed, but there is
evidence to suggest that children of mother's who used cocaine during pregnancy have an increased
risk of social, emotional, educational and attentional difficulties to deal with throughout their

The Dangers Of Cocaine : A Long Term Effects Of Cocaine
Jerry Reeves
Ms. Cerny
English 11
13 April 2016
The Dangers of Cocaine
Cocaine, a narcotic drug that took the entire world by storm in the 1980's, has continued to find it's
way into countries all over the world. The drug is a highly addictive stimulant that is extracted from
the leaves of the Erythroxylon coca bush, which is indigenous to the Andean highlands of South
America. It comes in two main forms, powder and crystalline, also known as "crack" ("Cocaine Use
and Its Effects"). Although the short term effects of cocaine seem somewhat harmless, the long term
effects are devastating and have ruined the lives of many users. The short and long term effects of
cocaine can be seen on Ishmael Beah, and his companions in the novel A Long Way Gone by
Ishmael Beah.
One can feel the effects of cocaine almost immediately after use, with these effects lasting only a
few minutes or hours. The duration of cocaine 's effects depends upon how it is administered. The
faster the drug is absorbed, the more intense the high, but also the shorter the duration. The high
from snorting is relatively slow to arrive but it may last 15 to 30 minutes. In contrast, the effects
from smoking are more immediate but may last only 5 to 10 minutes. "In the brain, cocaine
interferes with the chemical messengers –– neurotransmitters –– that nerves use to communicate
with each other. Cocaine blocks norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, and other neurotransmitters
from being reabsorbed. The resulting

Drug Cocaine Essay
The drug cocaine is a powerful and addictive drug that totally surpasses your physical and emotional
system in the body. The side effects can be classified based on the route of administration of the
drug.
Skin:
The drug when injected directly under the skin , known as "skin popping" increases the duration of
high feeling and can also lead to infection and other medical complications.
Inhalation through nose:
The most popular form of administration is inhalation through the nose, also called snorting. The
common side effects of snorting includes,
Loss of sense of smell
Nose bleeds
Difficulty swallowing
Hoarseness
Chronically runny nose
Injection through vein and Oral use:
Cocaine when ingested through the mouth can cause ulcers in the stomach ... Show more content on
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Long term effects:
The continuous abuse of this drug causes sleep deprivation and loss of appetite. The person becomes
psychotic and experience hallucinations.
Prolonged abuse of this drug causes long term change in the brain's reward system and in other brain
systems which result in unpredictable behaviour toward those around them. Individuals often
increase their dosage to intensify or prolong their effects, which heightens their risk of adverse
physiological and psychological effects and risk of consuming potentially deadly overdose.
Likewise, using cocaine with alcohol causes drug related death instantly. The other long term effects
include,
Liver, kidney and lung damage
Malnutrition and weight loss
Damage to blood vessels of heart and brain permanently.
Severe tooth decay
Auditory and tactile hallucinations
Sexual problems, infertility
Disorientation and apathy
Irritability and mood disturbances
Delirium and

Cocaine In Native Peruvian
What is Cocaine? Cocaine comes from the leaves of coco plants. Cocaine is high addict because it
can relax your body. Cocaine was first used in Native Peruvian to regions events. In
1816 Colombia dug traffic being in the US .Cocaine is a stimulant it increase your body .Cocaine
can cause permit damage .
Cocaine has much impact on your body. Cocaine is a stimulant that increases your body, and affects
your central nervous system. When that happen your central body system shut down, and doesn't
release signals. Other side effect is your temperature and hear rate go and cause a seizures. Other
less danger is headaches, nausea, and abdominal pain.
Cocaine can be taken in numbers of ways. First you can snort it, it can affect your smell
.Next by

Cocaine : Drugs And Drugs
Cocaine is a stimulant that is originally derived from coca leaves. This drug is highly addictive and
is a relatively old drug, considered to be one of the oldest known psychoactive substances. Other
names for the drug include "coke", "C", "snow", "flake", and "blow". Cocaine was a popular and
widely used drug in the 1980s and 1990s, but is still around today. In the early 1900s, before it was
discovered to be an addictive drug, purified cocaine was a main active ingredient in medicines that
treated different illnesses. Cocaine is a fine, white powdery substance that is generally administered
by inhalation through the nose, but can also be dissolved in water to be injected into the
bloodstream. Cocaine can also be processed into a rock crystal known as the drug "crack", which
can then be heated up and administered by smoking. Cocaine users take the drug to achieve a "high"
and sense of euphoria described as an increased sense of energy and alertness, extremely elevated
mood, and a feeling of supremacy. While this might sound appealing to users or to anyone who may
want to try it, the use of cocaine has a wide variety of negative physiological and psychological
effects on a person. Physically, the use of cocaine can cause the constriction of blood vessels,
dilation of pupils, increase in body temperature, heart rate and blood pressure, headaches,
gastrointestinal problems including pain in the abdomen and nausea, and a decrease in appetite.
Sudden death is not uncommon for

Cocaine Argument Essay
another problem of equal or bigger importance than deforestation: chemical pollution. Extracting
cocaine from coca leaves is not an easy thing to do and it requires the use of many dangerous
chemicals who end up in the ground and in nearby sources of water. For instance, mainly in
Columbia (Andean region), U.S. State Department studies show that "10 million liters of sulfuric
acid, 16 million liters of ethyl ether, 8 million liters of acetone, and from 40–770 million liters of
kerosene" are dumped in the ground by cocaine producers every year (Crowder 1). This is a serious
amount of toxic chemicals that put in danger lives of many species, either animal or vegetal. By
using these chemicals, sustainability is clearly not the concern of processors. ... Show more content
Just the way it affects families and ruins societies is an obvious reason. Cocaine and every other
addictive drugs have a huge consequence in someone's social life because it alters the mental and
emotional prosperity of the user. As stated in the "Impact of drug use on your social life" article, "
[c]onflicts and breakdowns in communication can become more common" (ReachOut). In other
words, drug users' relationships can suffer from drug habits, leading these people to be less in touch
with others. Additionally, cocaine use, or any addictive drug use, can have a severe impact on
personal and professional success. On the professional side, using drugs can cause a decrease in
focus, which can result in poor performances at work (ReachOut). It can also engender other
consequences related to the person's job which can be far more important than what was mentioned
above. On the other hand, personal success can be affected through many ways such as financial
problems. If the user is unable to pay for his or her usual drug use, he or she could begin to be
implicated in illegal activities (ReachOut) and this could conduct the person to jail. The person
would not have liberty or ambitions anymore and this is where personal success comes to an end. A
life affected by drug use is not sustainable. A human being cannot spend an entire life abusing of
drugs like cocaine because his or her social life

Cocaine And Its Effects On Society
Cocaine is one of the oldest, most powerful and most dangerous stimulants in the world. This
powerfully addictive drug effects over 35 million people In the United States. Cocaine addiction
prevents a person from being a productive member in our society. It also increases the cost for law
enforcement and treatment facilities. It rapidly decreases the workplace, increases the homeless rate
and needless deaths on a daily basis.
Over three thousand years before the Jesus Christ was born, ancient Incas in the Andes chewed coca
leaves to get their hearts going so it would speed up their breathing to counter the effects of living in
the mountains thin air. Cocaine was first taken out of coca leaves in 1859 by a German chemist
known as Albert Niemann. In the 1880s is when it started to be popular in the medical community.
An Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, promoted the drug as a tonic to cure depression and
sexual impotence, as he used himself. Freud prescribed to close friends and loved ones even though
the drug made one suffer over paranoid hallucinations and one even dying because of high of the
dosage was prescribed to him. As the following years approached cocaine became very popular in
the film industry, pro–cocaine coming out of Hollywood caught the attention of millions. Cocaine in
society rapidly increased and the dangers of the drug gradually became more evident as the drug
was used. In 1905 it was very common to snort cocaine and within five

Musical Analysis Of Cocaine
Well, I had used it a few times. I liked it as long as someone else was supplying it, like laying out
lines at a party, but not enough to spend my own money on it. In 1990 I took a job managing a motel
at three blocks north of 90th and Aurora, which people in recovery who live in that neighborhood,
jokingly refer to a, the corner of 90th and Crackistan. Having to deal with numerous crack heads
that came around the motel day in and day out left me eternally grateful that I got clean and sober in
the late 70, s before crack hit the streets. I saw the way it decimated the greenwood community
every day for a number of years.
The following excerpt is the last verse of the song "Cocaine," that was a big hit for Eric Clapton in
the late 1980's:.
"If your thing is gone and you wanna ride on ... Cocaine
Don't forget the fact, that you can't get it back ...Cocaine
She don't lie, she don't lie, she don't lie ... Cocaine."
(Cale, 1976 )
The song itself does not glorify cocaine, but those who listened to it, only heard the word cocaine,
and repeated it over and over like a mindless mantra. In actuality, Eric ... Show more content on
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The number of methods that produce powdered cocaine and crack have a huge impact on how they
are delivered to the body. Because cocaine constricts the blood vessels that are absorbing it, snorting
is a relatively slow way to deliver it into the blood stream. Blood levels rise gradually and don't
reach a peak for about thirty minutes after snorting. In its crack form, the vapors inhaled deliver
cocaine as fast as injecting it with a needle would. The faster the rush occurs, the greater the risk of
addiction or overdose is. The rush and crash phenomenon can lead the cocaine user to keep taking
additional doses until blood levels accumulate to toxic levels. Ingesting cocaine is the least effective
route of delivery". (Kuhn, 2008, p.

Psychological Effects Of Cocaine
Cocaine
Cocaine is a hard substance, but in order to fully understand how cognitive behavorial therapy
works, we must first understand cocaine and the effects it has on the body. Cocaine is obviously a
strong drug. The leaves are grown in South America and the whole plant itself is very dangerous that
affects the person physically. When the powdered form is in play, it is usually snorted or inhaled
where the nasal tissue absorbs it. Once absorbed it will then be injected into the bloodstream
("National Institute, 2013"). Although it creates a euphoria and even energy, it can also cause the
heart rate and blood pressure to increase. Along with that, the respiratory rate increases as well and
so does their sweating while their appetite is suppressed (Maisto, 2015). Their blood flow is
decreased to their internal organs and to legs and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Basically amplifying the amount of dopamine within, and causes a disturbance with brain
communication ("National Institute, 2013"). This is what makes cocaine enticing; the high that
people are looking for. Being really social and talkative is one of the positive effects of cocaine.
Users have a sense of bliss and are very happy and they are more alert and aroused. Their
performance might even be better as well (Maisto, 2015). However, this is only for a short duration.
When cocaine is used for a long period of time, it creates dependence to it, because the tolerance to
it also increases. Cocaine abusers will fill the withdrawals associated with it, and think they will
need another dose. Only the next time, they decide to increase the dose, because it doesn't quite feel
as potent as before. By doing this, and increasing dosages, cocaine abusers are setting themselves up
for addiction. Then they feel that there is no way out simply because they can't deal with the
withdrawal

Cocaine
COCAINE
One of the most dangerous and widely abused drugs is cocaine, although they do not produce very
severe physical dependent symptoms upon withdrawal. In the early 16th century, Francisco Pizzaro
encountered the Inca; he found that royalty used the coca plant. This was the 1st contact Europeans
had with this drug. In Peru this was considered to be "the gift of the Gods" (Craving for Ecstasy and
Natural Highs: A Positive approach to mood Alteration Milkman, Sunderwirth) and was used in
religious ceremonies as well for medicinal purposes. It was claimed to be a brain tunic, and a cure
for nervous affliction and in the 19th century was available over the counter and in ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
(The Developing Person through the Life Span. Berger 7th Edition pg.386) In my experience, I used
cocaine at very early age; this is why I chose this topic. Once I started using, I couldn't stop and I
tried different ways like hanging out with different people, going to different places, doing different
things, and even rehab after rehab since the age of 14 did not stop my wanting to use every day. I
robbed my parents of money and sleep. I took from them until they had nothing to give. I was
dishonest to everyone around me including myself. I was selfish and self–centered to the extreme. I
felt like the world owed me something and that the world revolved around me. My family and
friends wanted nothing to do with me. They disowned me, took my daughter from me, and put me
out on the street. It was at that point that I felt hopeless and depressed and was willing to do
something different. I had no idea at the time that God was going to change my life dramatically. I
went to an NA meeting, and a woman there shared her story. It gave me hope and a will to live and
even though I didn't know if I wanted to stop drinking and using forever, I did know I didn't want to
die anymore. That to me was the biggest miracle I had ever felt. This woman became my sponsor
and gave me love and compassion and best of all clear–cut directions on how to live a clean and
sober life. The only treatment options I know that work are the 12 steps and

Cocaine Abuse
Cocaine abuse has been a persistent health problem worldwide for many years (Platt, 2002). Adults
aged 18 to 25 year have a higher rate of current cocaine use than any other age group, with 1.5
percent of young adults reporting past month cocaine use (The Science of Drug Abuse & Addiction ,
2013). Every drug has a history as to how it came about, also, as to why it is used and or abused
among adults. Each drug has its own chemical make–up, along with how that drug works in the
human body. Treatment of cocaine addiction must be comprehensive, and strategies need to assess
the neurobiological, social, and medical aspects of the patient's drug abuse (The Science of Drug
Abuse & Addiction , 2013). Due to the treatment intensity, how willing one ... Show more content
NA is a community twelve based program (The Science of Drug Abuse & Addiction , 2013). Also,
Narcotics Anonymous attenders were found to have more involvement with the criminal justice
system, greater lifetime drug use, earlier age of first alcohol use, and prior treatment attempts than
non/infrequent attenders (Davey–Rothwell, 2008). However, NA may benefit form supportive
fellowship and from sharing with those experiencing common problems and issues (The Science of
Drug Abuse & Addiction , 2013). (Meyer & Quenzer, 2013) If attending a twelve step program on
daily basis, one is more likely to have a positive outcome (Davey–Rothwell, 2008). Treatment truly
depends on how badly a person wants to start a new sober

The Pros And Cons Of Cocaine
What is Cocaine? Cocaine is the most powerful stimulant of natural origin. It is taken from the
leaves of the coca plant which is native to the Andean highlands of South America. It is a potent
brain stimulant and one of the most addictive drugs. In ancient times, South American natives used
coca for religious and medicinal purposes. The natives took advantage of cocaine's stimulant
properties to fight fatigue and hunger or to enhance endurance.
The growth, harvest of the coca plant and the extraction and synthesis of cocaine
Cocaine is a naturally occurring alkaloid found in certain varieties of the coca plant. The plant can
grow in widely varied climates and soil conditions, though the highest cocaine content is found in
plants that are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It takes time for the body to produce more and when you use cocaine you can deplete your supply of
neurotransmitters which are required for the normal day functioning of your body. This can cause
feelings of depression and lethargy making it difficult to take pleasure in things that would normally
feel good. It means that repeated use of cocaine or other drugs that interact with these
neurotransmitters such as ecstasy or amphetamines will result in less return as the drugs will have no
neurotransmitters to draw upon hence tolerance can easily build up on stimulants.
Short and Long Term Effects of Cocaine
The short term physiological effects of cocaine include constricted blood vessels, dilated pupils, and
increased temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure. Large amounts intensify the user's high, but
may also lead to bizarre, erratic, and violent behavior. The short term effects on the brain are
tremors, vertigo, muscle twitches, paranoia. Some users of cocaine report feelings of restlessness,
irritability, and anxiety
The long term effects of cocaine are very extreme. Once having tried cocaine, an individual may
have difficulty controlling the urge to use the drug and the perspective might change leaving the
consumption of the drug as primordial. Cocaine's stimulant and addictive effects are due primarily
as a result of its ability to stop the reabsorption of dopamine by nerve

Facts On Cocaine Essay
Cocaine is a powerful central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that heightens alertness, inhibits
appetite and the need for sleep, and provides intense feelings of pleasure. It is prepared from the leaf
of the Erythroxylon coca bush, which grows primarily in Peru and Bolivia.
Street dealers dilute it with inert (non–psychoactive) but similar–looking substances such as
cornstarch, talcum powder, and sugar, or with active drugs such as procaine and benzocaine (used as
local anesthetics), or other CNS stimulants such as amphetamines. Nevertheless, illicit cocaine has
actually become purer over the years; according to RCMP figures, in 1988 its purity averaged about
75%.
With repeated administration over time, users experience the drug's ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A gram of powder cocaine may cost between $20–$100, while crack rocks can be found for as little
as $5–10 each.
Powder cocaine is processed with many volatile solvents, such as kerosene, benzene, and gasoline,
and these poisons can remain in the cocaine found on the street. In addition, dealers on the street
may "cut" or combine the cocaine with other substances, like talcum powder, amphetamines,
anesthetics, and other substances that may bring the purity down and cause unwanted side effects.
Cocaine use can cause dilated pupils, nausea, headaches, sweating, increased heart rate, elevated
blood pressure, insomnia, loss of appetite, and seizures. Cocaine speeds up the heart by stimulating
the same nerves that cause fear causing the heart to beat erratically or stop.
Cocaine also shrinks the peripheral blood vessels and places extra pressure on the heart and
circulatory system. These effects can lead to heart attacks, strokes, brain seizures, cardiac arrest, and
respiratory failure in otherwise healthy people. New and chronic users can die suddenly. In Texas,
200–300 cocaine overdose deaths due to cocaine use have been reported each year.
Chronic use of cocaine can

Negative Effects Of Cocaine
All drugs affect the body differently, however, some drugs come with a high number of negative
effects. Alcohol is one of the most popular drugs in America, alcohol impacts the brain and body
greatly. Furthermore, cocaine is usually used in clubs because an individual feels good after using
cocaine, but cocaine is highly addictive and a very dangerous drug. Cocaine is an addictive drug and
it affects how the brain generally functions. Cocaine gets involved with the reward system in the
brain. Cocaine has an effect on three neurotransmitters which are dopamine, serotonin, and
norepinephrine. What dopamine is involved in is the feeling of dependency, serotonin causes
feelings of confidence, and norepinephrine increases or lowers an individuals energy level. What
cocaine does in the brain is, it won't allow the reabsorption of these three chemicals, it does this by
binding to the transporters, these transporters are in charge of removing high amounts of these three
neurotransmitters from the synaptic gap. Since cocaine binds to the transporters the
neurotransmitters can no longer by reabsorbed and this leads to a high level of these
neurotransmitters in the synapses ("Cocaine Addiction and..."). Having a high concentration of
dopamine leads to higher feelings of pleasure and reward, this leads the brain to think that cocaine
isn't dangerous. People that continue to use cocaine get used to high levels of these
neurotransmitters and always want to have elevated levels because it causes them pleasure, that's
how addiction happens. Furthermore, the frontal cortex is what makes us reject pleasure if we know
the outcome won't be positive. Cocaine addicts can no longer rely on the frontal cortex because this
area becomes damaged when someone is addicted to cocaine ("Cocaine Addiction and..."). Lastly,
cocaine also affects the amygdala and hippocampus, these both help an individual remember what
led to the satisfaction they felt. When someone uses cocaine, the amygdala and hippocampus create
memories of people and places that are connected to the drug and also memories of the pleasure. If
the individual is with the people or at the same place where they felt pleasure it will bring back
memories and an urge to

Abuse Of Cocaine
Cocaine, a very powerful stimulant, affects the brain by blocking the receptor on the sending
neurons responsible for the reuptake of Dopamine, Serotonin, and Norepinephrine. This disruption
of reuptake causes the excess of the aforementioned neurotransmitters at the synaptic cleft to instead
be entirely absorbed by the receiving neuron resulting in a high characteristic to the abuse of
Cocaine, and the eventual crash as this interruption of reuptake leads to a depletion of the listed
neurotransmitters. This crash can be described as an agitated depression.
Cocaine comes in two forms powdered and freebase that each provide their own methods of
consumption, and the intensity and duration of the high that Cocaine produces depends on whether
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Regular use comes with long term psychological effects can include restlessness, irritability, anxiety,
and paranoia. In severe cases regular use may lead to a complete psychosis, where the user loses
touch with reality, and experiences auditory hallucinations. Some of Cocaine's long term effects are
unique to the method of taking it. Snorting, for example, may lead to damage to the organs of the
respiratory system. Orally ingested cocaine may lead to a severe case of bowel gangrene. Injecting
Cocaine comes with the inherent hazards of either using or sharing needles such as a risk of
contracting HIV, other bloodborne diseases , and the damaging of veins that produces track

Cause And Effect Of Cocaine
One of the most detrimental and addictive narcotics in the world today is cocaine. Cocaine dates
back as early as 3000 BC. Ancient Incas used the coca leaves to counter the effects of living in thin
mountain air. Native Peruvians in the 1500's chewed the plant strictly for religious ceremonies.
Andean Indians are believed to chew the leaves of the coca plant to increase their energy for work
while decreasing their hunger and pain. It wasn't until 1859 when a German chemist Albert
Niemann successfully extracted the narcotic from the coca leaf. In the 1880's, it was freely
prescribed by physicians for "maladies as exhaustion, depression, and morphine addiction and was
available in many patent medicines" ("Cocaine"), until users and doctors began to realize its dangers
and side effects. While it was not fully understood at the time, cocaine has many devastating and
lasting effects on the user.
Today, cocaine is commonly derived from the coca plant that is most commonly grown in Columbia
but also Peru and Bolivia. It is harvested and processed into a "coca paste" which the base of is
extracted and turned into the white powder form of cocaine. Once the powder is made it is often
mixed with laundry detergent, laxatives, or boric acid to cut down the potency and have more to
distribute. Cocaine can be used snorting, smoking, injecting or swallowed. The United States
outlawed cocaine in the early 1920's but it wasn't until the 1970's and middle of the 1980's that
cocaine was at

Cocaine As A Psychoactive Drug
A psychoactive substance is a chemical substance that changes the functioning of the brain resulting
in alterations in moods, perception or consciousness. Some of these substances are legal while
others are illegal depending on the jurisdiction of the user and the substance itself to meet the
respective purpose. These substances bring about various changes in the life of the user, more so
they impose a substantial health burden on the society. The most important psychoactive substance
to address in the United States is cocaine.
Cocaine is a psychoactive drug which has proven to be a threat in the current world. The United
States of America is not exceptional from the rest of the world in the fight against hard drugs. There
are various strategies ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Such organizations as women, fraternal and veteran's organizations come together to help the
community pursue healthy lifestyles. They increase public awareness towards the effects of drug
and substance abuse. This strategy comes in handy in the fight against cocaine abuse in the USA as
many youths are reached through these platforms and they are influenced to change their ways.
Moreover, workplace initiatives is another strategy that the USA has taken to deal with cocaine use
in the country. Many drug users are employed people who have the money to buy these hard drugs.
Therefore, workplace initiatives help sensitizing employees on the negative effects of cocaine use
and the laws concerning drug use so that they are aware of the consequences. This helps reform
many drug users and dealers thus changing for the better.
In my opinion, new strategies should be put in place to address the use of cocaine in the United
States of America. These will help in the fight against hard drugs in America as well as educate the
entire country on the dangers involved in drug dealing. Firstly, the government should include drug
abuse in the education curriculum. This is because the most affected group of people is the school
going age. School going age of people is susceptible and easily influenced due to peer pressure.
Therefore, when drug abuse is included in their curriculum they will

Danger Of Cocaine Essay
My report is about cocaine also known as snow coke, crack, etc. It comes from coca leaves, a plant
from South American. Cocaine is a dangerous drug that can kill you if you overdose on it. You can
snort it, rub it onto your gums, or dissolve it with water and inject it into your bloodstream. Do you
know about the history and dangers of cocaine?, if you want to learn more keep reading. Overdosing
on cocaine leads to the risk of heart attacks, strokes, seizure, panic attacks, it can also lead to death.
When you mix heroin with cocaine it's called speedball, you can either snort it or dissolve it with
water to inject it. Since cocaine is a stimulant and heroin is a depressant, it will make you energetic
but at the same time will make you feel calm and relaxed. Cocaine will only last about twenty
minutes so the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If you do believe this than you are correct, Cocaine was in Coca Cola! It was in it from 1886
through 1929, but at the time no one knew if it was bad or good. It was used as medicine at the time.
From 1900 to 1929 people's opinion about cocaine, but the coke company continued to put it in
because it helped keep its flavor and trademark. The main reason that cocaine was in coke was
because it was a market strategy to make more money, they stopped putting cocaine in coke on
1929. Statistics say that 7.5 million people have used cocaine at least one time in their lifetime, 3.5
million in the last year, and 1.5 in the last year. But why do so many people use it? Some reasons
that they use it is so they can fit in, escape the world and be relaxed, to relieve boredom, to act
grown up, and to experience new things. So in conclusion, my essay is about cocaine. It is a deadly
drug and if you are thinking about using it think twice because there are major effects to it. You may
use it for medication but don't overdose on it because it may lead to death. If someone offers you a
coca plant don't get it mistaken for a cocoa

Cocaine : A Dangerous Drug
Cocaine is a very dangerous drug that can ruin many lives. Knowing the facts about cocaine and
what the effects of this drug are is very important as it may save a life, not just the individual using
the drug but also the friends and family around that individual. These facts may include the history
of cocaine, the usage of cocaine, Diagnosis of addiction, effects of cocaine, how to deter the use of
cocaine and the treatment after addiction. The first few things to know about cocaine is what is
cocaine, where it comes from, history of cocaine and types of cocaine. Cocaine is a drug derived
from the coca plant leaves, which is an indigenous plant from South America. Cocaine was
introduced to Europe and North America in the 1800's where it was sold over the counter as
medicine until it became illegal in 1914. Cocaine is still sometimes used for a local anesthetic on
specialized medical procedures such as throat surgery. There are two primary forms of cocaine,
powdered cocaine which is snorted or injected and crack cocaine which is smoked. Because of the
price of cocaine in the middle twentieth century crack cocaine was developed, by a process known
as freebasing, to have a cheaper drug that even the poor could afford. Common names for the
powdered cocaine include coke, yeyo, snow, blanca and blow. Common names for crack cocaine are
yay, hardball, speedball and purple cap. Another important piece of information to know about
cocaine is the usage of the drug. Cocaine

Intro
Cocaine is extracted from coca leaf. People started using it 3000 years before the birth of Christ.
They chewed the leaf when they were on the mountain. Nowadays, cocaine is used as the drug, and
it is banned in a lot of countries in the world.
History of Controlled Substance
The coca leaf was used by the ancient Incas in the Andes 3000 B.C. They chewed it to help they
survived in the thin mountain air. In the 15th century, the Indian laborers in Spanish silver mines
were kept supplied with coca leaves because it made them easier to control and exploit. In 1859, a
German chemist named Albert Niemann extracted cocaine from the coca leaves. Then, Sigmund
Freud, an Austrian psychoanalyst, used cocaine to cure depression and sexual impotence. He
prescribed his patients to use it, and one of them died from a high dosage he prescribed. From 1886
to 1903, Cocaine was used as an ingredient in Coca–Cola. Cocaine became more popular; people of
all social classes used it, included inventor Thomas Edison and actress Sarah Bernhardt. In 1912, the
United States government reported 5,000 cocaine–related deaths in one year and by 1922, the drug
was officially banned. So in the late 1970s, a lot of Colombian drug traffickers began bringing
cocaine into the US, Europe, and Asia. From 2008, cocaine had become the second most trafficked
illegal drug in the world. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The penalties for the possession and sale of cocaine are dependent on the amount of drugs at issue.
For example, the possession of more than 200 grams of cocaine can land you in prison for up to 99
years.
Understood Short Term and Long Term Effects of Use of Controlled Substance
Short–term: Increased heart rate, blood pressure, body

Mercantilism And Cocaine
From Tradition to Addiction; A Brief History of the Coca Leaf & Cocaine
Today, the drug cocaine is widely known for its recreational uses, as well as its addictive properties.
Roughly 500 hundred years ago the coca leaf was introduced to Europe. Cocaine, the pure substance
that comes from a particular species of the coca leaf, has evolved from traditional usage in the
indigenous community of the Andes to the highly illegal consumption in America. Plowman (1989)
a taxonomist from the botany department in the museum of natural history of Chicago explains that
dried coca leaf has been used as a mild stimulant for centuries. The variety of species of
Erythroxylum extends to about 200 varieties. Most species grow on the tropical area of the Eastern
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cocaine took part of a small part of the initial triangular trade; it was one of the many resources that
Europe extracted from South America under the economic theory of Mercantilism. Mercantilism is
the economic theory that promoted trades of goods from colonized nations to more powerful ones in
order to increase the wealth of the main land. Current day Venezuela, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, and
Colombia were the prime producers of the plant due to their direct access to the zones that grow it.
Mass consumption and production of the coca leaf did not begin until the plant was purified into
cocaine. The Chemical isolation and purification of cocaine from the coca leaf (which varies from
.5% to 1% of the plant.) started in 1860 by the German scientist Albert Niemann under the wing of
Friedrich Wohler . The triangular trade was the established trade routes in the eighteenth and
nineteenth centuries where South America and west Africa exported raw goods and slaves to Europe
where they became commodities to be sold back to the Americas and Africa.. These route allowed
the coca leaf to reach the German research. Exotic commodities were gaining popular demand in the
late 19 hundreds. When cocaine was introduced in Europe it became popular in medical circles. The
renowned Austrian psychologist Sigmund Freud was a prominent advocate of its usage for medical
purposes. United States became a prime consumer of the drug in the late 19Th to early 20Th
century. Products like Coca–Cola and healing elixirs had the purified cocaine as a main ingredient.
In some cases it was advertised as a cure for addiction to opiates. However, it became illegal due to
the serious physical harms and addiction concerns. Yet, with such great demand, an alternative
market grew from that

Erythroxylum Coca Cocaine
Erythroxylum coca, is a shrub that is native to the lands of Southern and Central America, and
Southeast Asia (1). During the mid–1800s, German chemist Albert Niemann discovered and isolated
the harmful drug, cocaine, from E. coca (2). Shortly after its discovery, companies such as the
Coca–Cola Company used cocaine to add flavor to their carbonated beverages (3). Back then,
cocaine was actually present in just about everything from ointments to margarine. Cocaine was
even used medically as a pain alleviator due to its soothing properties. However, a type of wine
called Vin Mariani was the most popular of drinks because it contained approximately 6 milligrams
of cocaine per ounce. A typical serving of wine is 4–5 ounces so that means one serving ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cocaine was the leading illicit drug in the late 20th century in America. It is suggested that the use
of cocaine may potentially lead to severe cardiovascular disease, other serious health issues and
even death. Despite these serious health risks, the Drug Abuse Warning Network (7) reported in
2011 a total of 505,224 emergency visits nationwide in regards to cocaine use suggesting that
cocaine use still poses as a problem in today's society. There weren't any antidotes available to be
given for accidental overdoses until the major discovery of enzyme called cocaine esterase (cocE)
(8). CocE is capable of degrading cocaine and therefore the harmful effects of cocaine are
diminished. CocE has the potential to save lives of individuals that are unfortunately under the
control of cocaine.
CocE was isolated from the genomes of bacteria living around the plant, E. coca. CocE was initially
derived from Pseudomonas maltophilia strain MB11L (9). Shortly after, cocE was isolated from the
bacterium, Rhodococcus sp. strain MB1. Bacteria such as these have adapted to their surrounding
environment. These bacteria have acquired the specialized ability to use cocaine produced by the
plant as their sole source of carbon and nitrogen (10). In the environment of a harsh toxin, cocaine,
these bacteria can still obtain energy necessary to thrive and flourish.

Pablo Escobar Cocaine
Coca, the raw form of cocaine was even used in the original form of Coca Cola. Coca, or otherwise
known as the raw form of cocaine has been cultivated for over the last 3,500 years, yet only was it
made illegal in 1914 in the United States. Cocaine is a well known drug that is easily addictive and
has detrimental effects on the body, when used incorrectly. The estimated value of the cocaine
market was valued at $360 million and Colombia is the largest producer of the crop (MacLaren).
While cocaine has been around for a long time, it was not always popular or widely used. Just like
many things cocaine has taken many different forms from the raw, coca leaves, to pure cocaine to
crack derivative. The changing history of the influence of cocaine ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Colombia is currently working with other countries such as America to try to diminish the drugs
presence and popularity, through international laws. Colombia made the possession of one gram of
cocaine legal for personal use, but sale and production was made illegal in 1994 in attempt to
diminish the trade with America (Marulanda). After Escobar, FARC emerged, Revolutionary Armed
Forces of Colombia– people's army, which is a guerrilla group fighting Colombia's government.
Colombia is currently attempting to make peace with FARC, which includes the problems of
trafficking and production of drugs. The Colombian government is also trying to stop farmers from
growing cocaine by offering farm owners money and the materials needed to grow other crops
besides cocaine (Marulanda). America is pushing for the Colombian government to stop the growth
and production of cocaine. America is the largest consumer of cocaine in the world, and Colombia is
the largest producer of cocaine in the world. According to the drug administration in the United
States, 92 percent of all cocaine that came to America was from Colombia in 2016 (Nacional). Even
years after Escobar's death, Colombia still has a monopoly over the American cocaine market, much
to the disdain of the American

Absorption Of Cocaine
Absorption and Distribution of Cocaine
Cocaine is most often administered via nasal insufflation, intravenous injection, the oral route and
inhalation of crack cocaine vapours (unionized form of cocaine) (Fattinger et al., 2000). Cocaine is
absorbed the fastest and has the most intense effects after smoking or intravenous injection. This is
due to rapid absorption, distribution and low degrees of first–pass metabolism although nasal or oral
routes are also common (figure 1; Fattinger et al., 2000). Nasal dosing is often preferred to oral
because oral doses have high degrees of first–pass metabolism and slow absorption compared to that
of the nasal route. However, a substantial amount of the drug taken via the nasal route will migrate
into gastrointestinal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Criminals who are responsible drug manufacturing and distribution often "cut" cocaine with another
substance which appears similar. A common practice is to use toxic compounds which also have
psychoactive components such as Levamisole, a cheap and commonly used worming medicine used
in South American agriculture (Lee et al., 2012). As a result, profits of illegal activities are
maximized while drug users are being exposed to toxic compounds which may lead to requirement
of expensive medical treatment. These concern raises question of whether cocaine or a less addictive
cocaine analog should be distributed by the state, similar to methadone dispensaries, to ensure
addicts are safe and criminal activities are not being

Description Of Cocaine
In 2014, a report came out naming London the cocaine capital of Europe. The water system contains
a higher concentration of this drug than in any other part of the continent, and bank notes are no
longer tested for traces of cocaine. British police feel the test is a waste of time, as any money that
has been in circulationf or a few weeks will have traces of cocaine. Although it is estimated that a
large majority of the drugs being sold as cocaine don't actually contain the drug, this is still of
concern, as addiction is a problem for many people who try this substance.
What Exactly Is Cocaine?
Derived from the leaves of the cocoa plant grown in South America, cocaine is a stimulant that is
usually harvested in Mexico before being shipped ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Professional help needs to be sought immediately for individuals in this situation. Most users,
however, find the withdrawal symptoms disappear in a week or two. The craving for the drug can
come back at any time though, even years after the person quits using the drug.
Treating A Cocaine Addiction
Individuals must find a facility that is trained to deal with people who are addicted to cocaine.
Certain therapies have been shown to be of help in treating these people. Cognitive–behavioral
therapy is one method that may be used, and some facilities make use of motivational incentives for
those who stop using cocaine. A residential program is often of help to those struggling to overcome
their addiction to the drug.
Cocaine is no longer a drug used only by the wealthy and celebrities. Individuals of every age,
income and social class may turn to this drug to obtain a high. In fact, almost 10 percent of
individuals between the ages of 16 and 59 have used this drug at some point in their life, according
to a report compiled by the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs. Furthermore, more than 18
percent of individuals surveyed in 2013/2014 stated they used cocaine powder in the prior

The Effects Of Cocaine
Common names for Cocaine are: Coke; Charlie; Snow; and 'C'
Cocaine can be identified as a white powder which can then be snorted up a person's nose, an
alternative method to taking is to inject directly into the blood stream. Crack Cocaine comes about
by chemically altering the Cocaine powder to form hard crystals, which can be known as 'rocks'.
The drug Cocaine alters chemical levels in the brain which can lead the user to have the 'feel good'
factor.
A 'rush' may be felt by the user when the person's heart beat increases, which then results in more
blood being pumped around.
This type of drug is sometimes thought of as a 'rich persons' activity, much in the way of owning a
helicopter!
Negative psychological effects of the drug can ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Injected Cocaine effects wear off quickly which can result in a user feeling the need to 'dig' (inject)
two or three times in an hour.
There is no safe known way of consuming Cocaine.
If a person is to take Cocaine, depending on how it is taken can vary how much danger they are
putting their health and lives at risk.
The lesser risk way of taking the drug is to snort (ingestion via the nose). This way does not cause as
much shock to the body and carries a lower risk of overdose. The effects come on gradually, peaking
at approximately fifteen to thirty minutes after taken.
The quickest method is to smoke the drug. A homemade device used is known as a 'bong' which
uses a plastic bottle, tubing and water. Alternatively, some people use a small pipe. The effects are
quick, heightened and dramatic. Often the user may want an immediate repeat dose.
The most immediate and also most dangerous method to take Cocaine is to inject. There is higher
risk of an overdose. Additionally, there are associated risks such as HIV, Hepatitis and Syphilis due
to pre–used needles and/or syringes (known as the

Negative Effects Of Cocaine
How to ruin a life: do drugs. Specifically the drug cocaine, a stimulant that increases alertness,
energy, and attention. Cocaine is a fine, white powder that people get high from. Creating this drug
consists of mixing chemicals in with the drug. There are several ways the body can consume this
drug; sniffing it, injection, inhalation, and oral injection. Primarily, this drug comes from leaves off
of a coca bush in South America. Columbia produces about 90% of America's cocaine. The United
States is the world's largest consumer of cocaine. For thousands of years cocaine has been used. In
fact, the Incas' used it over three thousand years ago to get their hearts racing and to increase their
breathing speed because they lived high on the mountains– mountains tend to slow down breathing.
They would chew on coca leaves, and get high from this. In Peru in the 1500s the people would use
it during religious ceremonies to give off a stimulant effect. Countries all over the world used
cocaine in medicines to treat patients. An interesting fact about cocaine is that Coca Cola, invented
in 1886, actually contained a dose of cocaine– about 2.5 mg. This was sold as a headache cure and a
stimulant. In 1903 most cocaine was removed from the drink, but not officially clean until 1927.
Other names for cocaine include "coke, dust, line, rail, snow". Some of its symptoms are composed
of psychological and emotional changes in the drug user. People are influenced to think this illegal
drug is

Cocaine Abuse Essay
Cocaine Abuse
Carla Baker
COM/156
August 18, 2013
Stanley Weiss
Cocaine Abuse According to a national survey performed in 2011 by the U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services, approximately 35.9 million Americans aged 12 and older have tried cocaine at
least once in their lifetime and approximately 2.1 million Americans are regular users (Substance
Abuse & Mental Health, 2012). Cocaine is a highly addictive stimulant drug that has gratifying yet
dangerous short term physical effects, devastating long term physical effects, and intense
psychological effects. Cocaine is a crystalline atropine alkaloid that is produced from the leaves of
the coca plant. Cocaine was first introduced into the United States in the 1880's, where ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some cocaine users will stay up for days, even weeks, and will not eat, which results in their bodies
becoming malnourished. Continued cocaine use can cause sleep deprivation, which can then lead to
aggressive and paranoid behavior. Cocaine is such a powerful stimulant and it can keep a user
awake for days, sometimes longer, which then results in the user hallucinating from lack of sleep.
Hallucinating can then cause the user to become aggressive and paranoid because they are hearing
and seeing things that are not really there. Continued cocaine use can also cause severe tooth decay
and reproductive damage in both men and women. Cocaine causes severe dry mouth, which further
increases the risk of tooth decay, and cocaine can also cause tooth decay because the user will grind
their teeth while using the drug. Continued cocaine use can cause heart attack, stroke, respiratory
failure, and convulsions. Cocaine use has been linked to many types of heart disease. Cocaine has
been found to trigger chaotic heart rhythms, called ventricular fibrillation; accelerate heartbeat and
breathing, and increase blood pressure and body temperature. Physical symptoms may include chest
pain, nausea, blurred vision, fever, muscle spasms, convulsions, coma, and death. Different routes of
cocaine administration can produce different adverse effects. Users who snort cocaine can
experience the loss of their sense of smell, nosebleeds, problems with swallowing, hoarseness, and
an

Informative Essay On Cocaine
Cocaine
When you reach into the refrigerator for a Coca–Cola, do you ever wonder where it got its name?
You might be surprised to find out! When coke was created 120 years ago, it contained cocaine
(Bayer 27). At the time scientists did not realize that cocaine was addictive and dangerous. Scientists
today know that cocaine is among the strongest stimulants known, and trying the drug even one time
can cause heart attack, stroke, and even death. "Even the most in shape athlete could die from one
use (Bayer 26)."
The history of coca leaves began hundreds of years ago in South America. The Indians of Peru and
Bolivia "chewed" coca leaves so that they could work hard in high altitudes and need little food. It
was not ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
goes through Los Angelas, Houston, New York, and Miami ("Cocaine Use" 3). From these locations
"trafficking gangs" connect with "street gangs" to distribute most of the cocaine. "Gangs including
the Crips, Bloods, and Dominican, Cuban, Haitian, Mexican, and Puerto Rican groups control most
of the sales." Cocaine is only about percent 80 pure when it reaches the gangs, and only 60 percent
pure when it hits the street. This is because gangs "cut' it with other substances such as sugar, PCP,
speed, corn starch, and talcum powder to save money ("Cocaine Use" 3).
Between 1981 and 1996 the U.S. Government has spent more than $80 billion fighting the "drug
war". Government agents continuously patrol our southern border, from Florida to California, in an
effort to ward off large scale drug smuggling. Thus far, their efforts appear futile (Bayer 33).
Cocaine is a strong central nervous stimulant. It speeds up the body's work, and affects the part of
the brain that produces strong feelings of pleasure. It makes the user feel powerful and full of
energy, and they no longer feel tired. "In experiments, monkeys that were allowed to have all the
cocaine they wanted, took it until they died."
Cocaine has stronger physical affects on the body and brain than almost any other drug. After
cocaine is taken, the heart beats 30 to 50 percent faster and the body temperature rises. The strongest
physical affects cocaine has, though, are on the

Cocaine Essay

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