This document provides information about coal-based thermal power plants. It discusses the layout of power plants and improvements that have been made to the Rankine cycle used in these plants. These include reheating, regeneration, and combined reheating and regeneration. It also describes different types of boilers, turbines, coal handling systems, flue gas cleaning equipment, feedwater treatment, and condensers used in coal-based thermal power plants.

1. COAL BASED THERMAL POWER PLANT

2. ENERGY CONSUMED

3. LOCATION OF POWER PLANT

4. Layout of Power plant

6. RANKINE CYALE

7. IMPROVISATIONS OF RANKINE CYALE
1. Reheating
• Flue gas reheating
• Live steam reheating
• Combined flue gas and live steam reheating
2. Regeneration
• Ideal
• Single Stage
• Two Stage
3. Combined Reheating and Regeneration

8. REHEATING CYCLE

9. REHEAT CYCLE

10. REGENERATION CYCLE

11. REGENERATION CYCLE

12. REGENERATION CYCLE

13. Classification of Boilers

14. Supercritical Boilers
1. Drum Type Boiler
2. Once through Boiler
Drum Type Boiler

15. Once-through Boiler

16. High Pressure Boilers
1. La- Mont FBB

17. 2. Benson Boiler

18. 3. Loeffler Boiler

19. 4. Velox Boiler

20. Fluidized Bed Combustion (FBC)

21. Fluidized Bed Boilers
1. Bubbling FBB

22. Fluidized Bed Boilers
2. Circulating FBB

24. WORKING OF STEAM TURBINE
THERMAL ENERGY
KINETIC ENERGY
MECHANICAL ENERGY
STEAM TURBINE
Nozzle
Moving Blades

25. IMPULSE AND REACTION TURBINE

26. STEAM TURBINE AND BLADES

27. CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM TURBINES

28. IMPULSE TURBINE

29. VELOCITY COMPOUND IMPULSE TURBINE

30. PRESSURE COMPOUND IMPULSE TURBINE

31. VELOCITY AND PRESSURE COMPOUND REACTION
TURBINE

32. THROTTLE GOVERNING

33. NOZZLE CONTROL GOVERNING

34. BY- PASS GOVERNING

35. COAL HANDLING SYSTEM

36. COAL HANDLING
Coal delivery
Unload
Preparation
Transfer
Outdoor storage
Covered Storage
In plant handling
Weighing and measuring
Furnace

38. COAL CLEANING EQUIPMENTS
1. Removal of dirt – Primary screen to size less than 8cm
2. Coal drying - Moisture Less than 10%,heatby steam
3. Coal sizing – Uniformity of coal size is essential
4. Sulphur removal – More than 2.5% sulphur is restricted due to
fouling and corrosion
5. Washing
(i) Water Jigs
(ii) Concentrating table
(iii) hydro cyclone
(iv) Heavy medium

40. Coal Mixing

41. Coal Transfer

42. Fluidized Bed Furnace

45. Mechanical Strokes

46. Over feed Stoker

47. Chain Grate stoker

48. Spreader stoker

49. Under feed Stoker

50. Single retort stokers

51. Multi retort stokers

52. Pulveriser
1. Ball Tube Mill

53. 2.Ball and Race Mill

54. 3.Hammer Mill

62. COOLING TOWER
Schematic diagram of a cooling water system

63. Natural draft cooling tower

64. Forced Draft Cooling Tower Induced draft Cooling Towers

65. Dry cooling tower

68. Bottom Ash Conveyor
Fly ash hydraulic vacuum Conveyor

69. FEED WATER TREATMENT

71. Boiler Feed water treatment system

72. DEMINERALIZATION PLANT

73. REVERSE OSMOSIS PLANT

74. BINARY VAPOUR CYCLE

75. COGENERATION SYSTEMS

76. Condenser

77. Surface Condenser
1. Down flow type. Steam enters at
the top and flows downward. The
water flowing through the tubes in
one direction lower half comes out
in the opposite direction in the upper
half.

78. Central flow condenser. In this condenser the steam passages are all around
the periphery of the shell. Air is pumped away from the centre of the
condenser. The condensate moves radially towards the centre of tube nest.
Some of the exhaust steams while moving towards the centre meets the under
cooled condensate and pre-heats it thus reducing under cooling.
Evaporation condenser. In this condenser steam to be condensed is passed
through a series of tubes and the cooling waterfalls over these tubes in the form
of spray. A steam of air flows over the tubes to increase evaporation of cooling
water, which further increases the condensation of steam.

79. Jet Condenser
In jet condensers the exhaust steam and cooling water come in direct
contact with each other. The temperature of cooling water and the condensate
is same when leaving the condensers.