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COAL BASED THERMAL POWER PLANT
ENERGY CONSUMED
LOCATION OF POWER PLANT
Layout of Power plant
RANKINE CYALE
IMPROVISATIONS OF RANKINE CYALE
1. Reheating
• Flue gas reheating
• Live steam reheating
• Combined flue gas and live steam reheating
2. Regeneration
• Ideal
• Single Stage
• Two Stage
3. Combined Reheating and Regeneration
REHEATING CYCLE
REHEAT CYCLE
REGENERATION CYCLE
REGENERATION CYCLE
REGENERATION CYCLE
Classification of Boilers
Supercritical Boilers
1. Drum Type Boiler
2. Once through Boiler
Drum Type Boiler
Once-through Boiler
High Pressure Boilers
1. La- Mont FBB
2. Benson Boiler
3. Loeffler Boiler
4. Velox Boiler
Fluidized Bed Combustion (FBC)
Fluidized Bed Boilers
1. Bubbling FBB
Fluidized Bed Boilers
2. Circulating FBB
WORKING OF STEAM TURBINE
THERMAL ENERGY
KINETIC ENERGY
MECHANICAL ENERGY
STEAM TURBINE
Nozzle
Moving Blades
IMPULSE AND REACTION TURBINE
STEAM TURBINE AND BLADES
CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM TURBINES
IMPULSE TURBINE
VELOCITY COMPOUND IMPULSE TURBINE
PRESSURE COMPOUND IMPULSE TURBINE
VELOCITY AND PRESSURE COMPOUND REACTION
TURBINE
THROTTLE GOVERNING
NOZZLE CONTROL GOVERNING
BY- PASS GOVERNING
COAL HANDLING SYSTEM
COAL HANDLING
Coal delivery
Unload
Preparation
Transfer
Outdoor storage
Covered Storage
In plant handling
Weighing and measuring
Furnace
COAL CLEANING EQUIPMENTS
1. Removal of dirt – Primary screen to size less than 8cm
2. Coal drying - Moisture Less than 10%,heatby steam
3. Coal sizing – Uniformity of coal size is essential
4. Sulphur removal – More than 2.5% sulphur is restricted due to
fouling and corrosion
5. Washing
(i) Water Jigs
(ii) Concentrating table
(iii) hydro cyclone
(iv) Heavy medium
Coal Mixing
Coal Transfer
Fluidized Bed Furnace
Mechanical Strokes
Over feed Stoker
Chain Grate stoker
Spreader stoker
Under feed Stoker
Single retort stokers
Multi retort stokers
Pulveriser
1. Ball Tube Mill
2.Ball and Race Mill
3.Hammer Mill
COOLING TOWER
Schematic diagram of a cooling water system
Natural draft cooling tower
Forced Draft Cooling Tower Induced draft Cooling Towers
Dry cooling tower
Bottom Ash Conveyor
Fly ash hydraulic vacuum Conveyor
FEED WATER TREATMENT
Boiler Feed water treatment system
DEMINERALIZATION PLANT
REVERSE OSMOSIS PLANT
BINARY VAPOUR CYCLE
COGENERATION SYSTEMS
Condenser
Surface Condenser
1. Down flow type. Steam enters at
the top and flows downward. The
water flowing through the tubes in
one direction lower half comes out
in the opposite direction in the upper
half.
Central flow condenser. In this condenser the steam passages are all around
the periphery of the shell. Air is pumped away from the centre of the
condenser. The condensate moves radially towards the centre of tube nest.
Some of the exhaust steams while moving towards the centre meets the under
cooled condensate and pre-heats it thus reducing under cooling.
Evaporation condenser. In this condenser steam to be condensed is passed
through a series of tubes and the cooling waterfalls over these tubes in the form
of spray. A steam of air flows over the tubes to increase evaporation of cooling
water, which further increases the condensation of steam.
Jet Condenser
In jet condensers the exhaust steam and cooling water come in direct
contact with each other. The temperature of cooling water and the condensate
is same when leaving the condensers.

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Coal based thermal power plant