CNG is a cleaner burning alternative to gasoline and diesel that is widely used in Pakistan. However, Pakistan's natural gas reserves are estimated to only last about 20 more years. This document analyzes CNG consumption patterns in Satellite Town, Rawalpindi. It finds that CNG produces significantly lower emissions than oil but is more expensive initially. While CNG has advantages as a fuel, safety standards need improvement at stations and for converted vehicles to reduce risks.
New base energy news october 08 2018 no 1204 by khaled al awadiKhaled Al Awadi
Baker Hughes acquires a 5% stake in ADNOC Drilling for $550 million, valuing ADNOC Drilling at approximately $11 billion. The partnership will allow Baker Hughes to strengthen its presence in the Middle East and enable ADNOC Drilling to gain access to Baker Hughes' technical expertise. ExxonMobil plans to begin exploratory drilling off the coast of Cyprus by the end of 2018 to search for natural gas, despite objections from Turkey. Cyprus invited energy companies with licenses near the Calypso gas field to express interest in exploration rights for block 7, where additional reserves may be located. Total and Sonatrach signed agreements to jointly develop the Erg Issouane gas field in Algeria and
Natural Gas Value Chain, Opportunities, and Challenges - LebanonIhab Ouaida
"Natural Gas Value Chain, Opportunity, and Challenges"
By Ihab Ouaida at the "Pioneer Development Project, Experience, and Lessons" Workshop organized by the Order of Engineers, Tripoli, Lebanon.
May 20, 2017.
This document provides an introduction and agenda for the FLNG Forum 2010 conference on March 24th presented by Mukes Gupta. Some key points:
- China is an important place for the forum due to its shipbuilding history dating back to the voyages of Zheng He in the early 15th century.
- China has the labor force and resources needed to become a world leader in FLNG, with lower costs compared to other regions.
- There is a growing global demand for LNG and a need for new production capacity, making FLNG a promising solution. However, FLNG also presents technical challenges around operations in marine environments.
- The document discusses various FLNG project partnership and contracting models
The document discusses Ghana's new natural gas plant that is expected to open in December. The plant will produce 500 megawatts of electricity, saving Ghana $500 million annually in oil imports. It is hoped the plant will boost the economy by improving energy security and reducing power outages. Ghana's president believes the plant is even more important than the country's oil discoveries as it will have a multiplier effect through job creation and making Ghana's energy supply more reliable. The plant has faced long delays but is expected to transform Ghana's economy when completed.
Greetings,
Attached FYI ( NewBase Special 02 February 2015 ) , with
energy news covering the MENA area and related worldwide energy news. In todays’ issue you will find news about:-
• Remaining bidders weigh tough terms for stake in Abu Dhabi’s prime oilfields
• TAQA, Halliburton sign JV on chemical plant in Jubail City
• Saudi Aramco Stops Red Sea Deepwater Exploration Work
• Algeria: Shale gas "complement" energy mix, says former Sonatrach CEO
• US:Oil workers begin first large-scale strike since 1980
• US: Growing HC gas liquides( HGL) production spurs petrochemical industry investment
• Chevron to stop Poland shale gas exploration
• U.S. Oil Drillers Idle 94 Rigs in Biggest Retreat Yet
As this daily news periodical is free for you, we would appreciate your actions to send to all interested parties that you may wish. Also note that if you or your organization wish to include your own article or advert in our circulations, please send it to :-
khdmohd@hotmail.com or khdmohd@hawkenergy.net
Best Regards.
Khaled Al Awadi
Energy Consultant & NewBase Chairman - Senior Chief Editor
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USA
Emarat member since 1990
ASME meme since 1995
Hawk Energy since 2010
This document provides an introduction to the petroleum industry, including:
- A brief history of the origins and development of the petroleum industry from illumination and transportation to modern exploration and extraction techniques.
- An overview of key concepts in petroleum geology like different trap types that can contain oil and gas reserves.
- A summary of common classification systems for petroleum reserves like the Petroleum Resources Management System.
- A discussion of the relationships between governments, petroleum companies and different licensing models like concessions, production sharing contracts, and service contracts.
- A high-level look at some other petroleum industry topics like the global oil market, investment decisions, ownership and a short history of the industry
Shell and BP have signed deals to supply Kuwait with liquefied natural gas (LNG) over the next 5-6 years, totaling around 2.5 million tonnes annually. Kuwait needs to import more LNG each summer due to surging air conditioning demand and a lack of domestic gas supply. Spike Exploration has participated in four exploration wells in the UK and Norway, all of which encountered oil and gas, including a discovery in Norway called Pil that tested a production rate of 6,700 barrels of oil equivalent per day.
New base energy news october 08 2018 no 1204 by khaled al awadiKhaled Al Awadi
Baker Hughes acquires a 5% stake in ADNOC Drilling for $550 million, valuing ADNOC Drilling at approximately $11 billion. The partnership will allow Baker Hughes to strengthen its presence in the Middle East and enable ADNOC Drilling to gain access to Baker Hughes' technical expertise. ExxonMobil plans to begin exploratory drilling off the coast of Cyprus by the end of 2018 to search for natural gas, despite objections from Turkey. Cyprus invited energy companies with licenses near the Calypso gas field to express interest in exploration rights for block 7, where additional reserves may be located. Total and Sonatrach signed agreements to jointly develop the Erg Issouane gas field in Algeria and
Natural Gas Value Chain, Opportunities, and Challenges - LebanonIhab Ouaida
"Natural Gas Value Chain, Opportunity, and Challenges"
By Ihab Ouaida at the "Pioneer Development Project, Experience, and Lessons" Workshop organized by the Order of Engineers, Tripoli, Lebanon.
May 20, 2017.
This document provides an introduction and agenda for the FLNG Forum 2010 conference on March 24th presented by Mukes Gupta. Some key points:
- China is an important place for the forum due to its shipbuilding history dating back to the voyages of Zheng He in the early 15th century.
- China has the labor force and resources needed to become a world leader in FLNG, with lower costs compared to other regions.
- There is a growing global demand for LNG and a need for new production capacity, making FLNG a promising solution. However, FLNG also presents technical challenges around operations in marine environments.
- The document discusses various FLNG project partnership and contracting models
The document discusses Ghana's new natural gas plant that is expected to open in December. The plant will produce 500 megawatts of electricity, saving Ghana $500 million annually in oil imports. It is hoped the plant will boost the economy by improving energy security and reducing power outages. Ghana's president believes the plant is even more important than the country's oil discoveries as it will have a multiplier effect through job creation and making Ghana's energy supply more reliable. The plant has faced long delays but is expected to transform Ghana's economy when completed.
Greetings,
Attached FYI ( NewBase Special 02 February 2015 ) , with
energy news covering the MENA area and related worldwide energy news. In todays’ issue you will find news about:-
• Remaining bidders weigh tough terms for stake in Abu Dhabi’s prime oilfields
• TAQA, Halliburton sign JV on chemical plant in Jubail City
• Saudi Aramco Stops Red Sea Deepwater Exploration Work
• Algeria: Shale gas "complement" energy mix, says former Sonatrach CEO
• US:Oil workers begin first large-scale strike since 1980
• US: Growing HC gas liquides( HGL) production spurs petrochemical industry investment
• Chevron to stop Poland shale gas exploration
• U.S. Oil Drillers Idle 94 Rigs in Biggest Retreat Yet
As this daily news periodical is free for you, we would appreciate your actions to send to all interested parties that you may wish. Also note that if you or your organization wish to include your own article or advert in our circulations, please send it to :-
khdmohd@hotmail.com or khdmohd@hawkenergy.net
Best Regards.
Khaled Al Awadi
Energy Consultant & NewBase Chairman - Senior Chief Editor
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USA
Emarat member since 1990
ASME meme since 1995
Hawk Energy since 2010
This document provides an introduction to the petroleum industry, including:
- A brief history of the origins and development of the petroleum industry from illumination and transportation to modern exploration and extraction techniques.
- An overview of key concepts in petroleum geology like different trap types that can contain oil and gas reserves.
- A summary of common classification systems for petroleum reserves like the Petroleum Resources Management System.
- A discussion of the relationships between governments, petroleum companies and different licensing models like concessions, production sharing contracts, and service contracts.
- A high-level look at some other petroleum industry topics like the global oil market, investment decisions, ownership and a short history of the industry
Shell and BP have signed deals to supply Kuwait with liquefied natural gas (LNG) over the next 5-6 years, totaling around 2.5 million tonnes annually. Kuwait needs to import more LNG each summer due to surging air conditioning demand and a lack of domestic gas supply. Spike Exploration has participated in four exploration wells in the UK and Norway, all of which encountered oil and gas, including a discovery in Norway called Pil that tested a production rate of 6,700 barrels of oil equivalent per day.
Natural gas exploration and development in indiaAkshaya Mishra
The document discusses India's natural gas infrastructure vision for 2030. It notes that India's natural gas demand is expected to grow significantly due to increasing consumption and a shift away from oil. The share of natural gas in India's energy mix is projected to increase to 20% by 2025 from 11% in 2010. To meet this growing demand, the total natural gas supply is expected to reach 400 MMSCMD by 2021-22 and 474 MMSCMD by 2029-30. The vision calls for developing a national gas grid by 2030 consisting of over 31,000 km of pipelines with a capacity of 782 MMSCMD to ensure adequate transportation infrastructure. Key recommendations include providing infrastructure status to gas pipelines, exploring strategic
New base energy news issue 951 dated 20 november 2016Khaled Al Awadi
- Kuwait will offer 120 new fuel stations over the next 7 years as it works to secure 15% of its energy from renewable sources by 2030. Around 19 stations have already been offered and 15 more will soon follow.
- Malaysia's Petronas will decide whether to proceed with a proposed $27 billion LNG plant in Canada by April after reassessing project costs. The project could produce 19.2 million tons of LNG per year.
- Natural gas storage in the US reached a new record high of 4,017 billion cubic feet as of November 4th due to relatively high inventories throughout the year and a warmer-than-usual winter last year.
The document discusses the history and present situation of compressed natural gas (CNG) in Bangladesh. Some key points:
- CNG was introduced in Bangladesh in 1982 when fuel oil prices spiked internationally. It is cleaner burning than gasoline or diesel.
- Current CNG usage is growing but remains below capacity, with around 19,000 vehicles but only 10,000 three-wheelers and 3,000 taxis using CNG.
- The government aims to further convert its own vehicles to CNG and allow private conversion to increase adoption rates.
- CNG is cheaper and more environmentally friendly than gasoline, but establishing CNG refueling infrastructure requires significant initial investment.
New base energy news issue 918 dated 30 august 2016Khaled Al Awadi
The document provides news updates from various oil producing regions:
1) Japan is providing $378 million in financing for the development of Abu Dhabi's offshore Hail oilfield, which is expected to start production in 2017.
2) In Oman, a pipeline project achieved 5 million man-hours without injury and is scheduled to commission in 2017.
3) In Norway, Wood Group won a contract to provide detailed design for a subsea tieback connecting the Utgard gas field to an existing platform.
4) In the Netherlands, a new LNG breakbulk facility opened at Gate terminal to increase small-scale LNG transport.
Le 03 Natural Gas (NG) Transportation and DistributionNsulangi Paul
This module describes means of transportation and distribution of natural gas from production area to the end user or consumers. The module analyzes various methods such as pipeline, liquefied natural gas (LNG), compressed natural gas (CNG), gas to liquid fuel (GtL), gas to wire (GtW) as well as gas to hydrate (GtH).
The New Exploration Licensing Policy (NELP) was introduced by the Government of India in 1997-1998 to attract private investment in oil and gas exploration through international competitive bidding. NELP awards exploration blocks to companies via production sharing contracts. Over 10 rounds of NELP bidding have been held, awarding over 300 contracts and committing over $11 billion in planned exploration investment. However, some blocks have seen delays or underperformance due to issues like regulatory uncertainty, contractual problems, or perceived reserve quality. India is now moving from NELP to an Open Acreage Licensing Policy (OALP) that gives companies more flexibility and autonomy in selecting exploration areas.
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to liquid form for storage or transport. It takes up 600 times less space than gas in its gaseous state. LNG is predominantly methane and is odorless, colorless, non-toxic, and non-corrosive. It can be transported via tankers and re-gasified for distribution as pipeline natural gas. Global LNG demand is expected to continue growing significantly in the coming decades as new supply projects are developed. Bangladesh currently imports LNG through floating storage and regasification units but is also considering developing permanent land-based LNG facilities.
Greetings,
Attached FYI ( NewBase Special 06 March 2016 ) , from Hawk Energy Services Dubai . Daily energy news covering the MENA area and related worldwide energy news. In todays’ issue you will find news about:-
• UAE: DEWA appoints consultant to study use of ash from Hassyan clean coal power pl
• Iraq: Eni starts three oil and gas treatment plants at Zubair field
• Algeria: Sonatrach awards Japan's JGC deal at Hassi Messaoud oilfield
• Ghana: Tullow's TEN FPSO arrives in Ghana
• U.S. Crude Exports Decline in January After Restrictions Lifted
• US: Crescent Dunes concentrating solar plant begins producing
• oil closes at $35.92, posts 9.5 pct weekly gain
• US shale frackers aim to be world’s biggest supplier of oil by 2020 despite bloodbath
we would appreciate your actions to send to all interested parties that you may wish. Also note that if you or your organization wish to include your own article or advert in our circulations, please send it to :-
khdmohd@hotmail.com or khdmohd@hawkenergy.net
Best Regards.
Khaled Al Awadi
Energy Consultant & NewBase Chairman - Senior Chief Editor
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USA
Emarat member since 1990
ASME meme since 1995
Hawk Energy since 2010
Attached FYI ( NewBase Special 05 February 2015 ) , with
energy news covering the MENA area and related worldwide energy news. In todays’ issue you will find news about:-
• Abu Dhabi Nasr oilfield sets end-of-the-year target after starting production
• Gasco awards Spain’s Tecnicas $700m gas contract
• Saudia: Yasref Refinery To Load First Gasoline Cargoes
• Mauritania: Chevron buys stake off Mauritania
• Kenya:Taipan Resources,update on Badada-1 well in Block 2B
• China's Chongqing Plans to Have Shale Gas Production Capacity of 30 Bcm by 2020
• CEO of Total sees oil price at $60/b this year
• Does oil's rally put rebalancing at risk? Kemp
• LNG Supply Seen Falling After 2020 as Oil Plunge Delays Projects
As this daily news periodical is free for you, we would appreciate your actions to send to all interested parties that you may wish. Also note that if you or your organization wish to include your own article or advert in our circulations, please send it to :-
khdmohd@hotmail.com or khdmohd@hawkenergy.net
Best Regards.
Khaled Al Awadi
Energy Consultant & NewBase Chairman - Senior Chief Editor
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USA
Emarat member since 1990
ASME meme since 1995
Hawk Energy since 2010
Le 05 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) BusinessNsulangi Paul
This module describes natural gas business globally. Gives details explanation on various activities connected to this liquid energy business as such LNG value chain, structures, factors to consider on capacity, number of facilities and expected global LNG business.
Greetings,
Attached FYI ( NewBase Special 23 March 2016 ) , from Hawk Energy Services Dubai . Daily energy news covering the MENA area and related worldwide energy news. In todays’ issue you will find news about:-
• Saudi Aramco oilfield expansion nearing completion
• Qatargas eyes expanded LNG supply deals with UK, Dutch terminals
• Oman: OOCEP plans to spud pilot well in Block 65
• US: Scrambling for cover, U.S. shale producers ramp up hedging
• Oil prices holding after API stockpile build reasserts glut concerns
• OPEC expects upsurge in oil prices with or without Iran
• SABIC: Oil market reaching point of "stability"
• Drillers Can't Replace Lost Output as $100 Oil Inheritance Spent
• Fiscal deficit of Gulf economies to widen on low oil prices
we would appreciate your actions to send to all interested parties that you may wish. Also note that if you or your organization wish to include your own article or advert in our circulations, please send it to :-
khdmohd@hotmail.com or khdmohd@hawkenergy.net
Best Regards.
Khaled Al Awadi
Energy Consultant & NewBase Chairman - Senior Chief Editor
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USA
Emarat member since 1990
ASME meme since 1995
Hawk Energy since 2010
Mozambique has emerged as a major natural gas producer with over 100 trillion cubic feet of reserves discovered in 2012. Several international oil and gas companies have significant interests in Mozambique's exploration blocks, including Anadarko, ENI, Shell, and PTTEP. Mozambique's large natural gas reserves are expected to boost its GDP substantially and transform its economy. The country is working to develop its natural gas resources through partnerships with international companies and countries like Japan to export liquefied natural gas.
The document discusses several developments in the oil and gas industry:
1) The Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation completed installation of a condenser on the Barakah nuclear plant in Abu Dhabi, an important milestone in the development of the UAE's nuclear energy program.
2) Dana Gas signed an agreement for the North El Arish concession offshore the Nile Delta in Egypt and was awarded development leases for new gas discoveries, strengthening its position in Egypt.
3) Algeria has invited Russian companies Gazprom and Lukoil to jointly develop and explore some of Algeria's oil and gas fields, which could increase production and exports.
Le 02 natural gas exploration and productionNsulangi Paul
This presentation demonstrates activities concerning natural gas exploration and production. The contents point out activities associated with natural gas upstream such as searching and extracting natural gas either offshore or onshore fields.
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is rapidly changing the structure of the global gas industry.
Flexible in transportation, safe in use, and competitive in supply, LNG today has already won more than 40% of the physical volume of world gas exports and is expected to reach 60% by 2040. In 2020, the development of the LNG market underwent significant transformations, as the COVID-19 pandemic posed a challenge to the global economy.
Edition 40 - Sharing in Petrobras - November/2013Petrobras
Petrobras participates in a consortium with other companies that wins the rights to explore the Libra oil block in Brazil; highlights recent divestments and awards received by Petrobras; and provides financial results and production updates for Petrobras.
SNC-Lavalin has been awarded a contract by Abu Dhabi Oil Company Ltd. (Japan) to provide project management consultancy services for an expansion aimed at increasing oil production from existing offshore oilfields in the UAE. The expansion includes increasing hydrocarbon handling capacity at existing facilities and developing the Hail oil field. SNC-Lavalin will provide services for front-end engineering design and engineering, procurement, and construction stages of the expansion project. OMV, an Austrian oil and gas group owned by Abu Dhabi, cut its 2014 oil production target due to uncertainty over the security situation in Libya, where its output has been halted since March. Mari Petroleum Company announced a significant gas and condens
New base 10 november 2017 energy news issue 1099 by khaled al awadiKhaled Al Awadi
1) Statoil has opened a new remote operations center in Bergen, Norway to remotely control the Valemon offshore oil platform, marking the first time Statoil has remotely operated a platform from land.
2) Tethys Oil has been awarded a new onshore exploration license in Block 49 in Oman, covering an area of 15,439 square kilometers. Tethys Oil will be the operator and holds a 100% interest in the block.
3) Africa Oil has completed its 2017 drilling campaign in Kenya, making two oil discoveries but also encountering some non-commercial wells. Further appraisal of existing fields was also conducted to improve the geological models.
Greetings,
Attached FYI ( NewBase Special 27 March 2016 ) , from Hawk Energy Services Dubai . Daily energy news covering the MENA area and related worldwide energy news. In todays’ issue you will find news about:-
• Saudi Arabia 10 projects in win ‘MEED Quality Awards’
• Kuwait oil company says it’s found new oil and gas field
• Kuwait Korean Consortium to Build LNG Terminal
• Algeria: PTTEP announces significant substantial flow rate at Hassi Bir Rekaiz
• Mozambique : Exxon in Talks to Buy Stake in Eni's Area 4 Gas Field
• Malaysia: SapuraKencana and GE Oil & Gas JV awarded long term service agreement by PETRONAS Floating LNG
• US oil closes at $39.46 & Brebt at 40.44 at ends week 5
• Qatar: Doha meeting to look at best recipe to raise prices
• US oil sector pain is deepening
we would appreciate your actions to send to all interested parties that you may wish. Also note that if you or your organization wish to include your own article or advert in our circulations, please send it to :-
khdmohd@hotmail.com or khdmohd@hawkenergy.net
Best Regards.
Khaled Al Awadi
Energy Consultant & NewBase Chairman - Senior Chief Editor
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USA
Emarat member since 1990
ASME meme since 1995
Hawk Energy since 2010
Introduction to Oil and Gas Industry from Upstream (Exploration & Production), Midstream (Transportation & Storage), to Downstream (Refining, Petrochemical, & Marketing)
Compressed natural gas (CNG) is a fossil fuel comprised mostly of methane that can be used as an alternative fuel. CNG has a long history dating back to the first natural gas vehicle in 1860. Today there are over 12.4 million natural gas vehicles worldwide, with Pakistan having the most CNG vehicles and stations. CNG has advantages over gasoline and diesel such as lower costs, reduced emissions, and increased oil life, but drawbacks include needing more space for fuel storage and potential health risks from radioactive elements. While CNG offers benefits, biofuels and solar energy may be better long-term alternatives.
CNG CONSUMPTION & EMISSION IN SATELITTE TOWN, RAWALPINDIKiyani1292
Natural gas production is at a relatively high level and remaining reserves are estimated to be about 885.3 billion cu m (2009). Pakistan's gas fields are only expected to last for about another 20 years at the most due to heavy industrial usage.
The gas field was discovered in the late 1952 and the commercial exploitation of the field began in 1955.
Natural gas exploration and development in indiaAkshaya Mishra
The document discusses India's natural gas infrastructure vision for 2030. It notes that India's natural gas demand is expected to grow significantly due to increasing consumption and a shift away from oil. The share of natural gas in India's energy mix is projected to increase to 20% by 2025 from 11% in 2010. To meet this growing demand, the total natural gas supply is expected to reach 400 MMSCMD by 2021-22 and 474 MMSCMD by 2029-30. The vision calls for developing a national gas grid by 2030 consisting of over 31,000 km of pipelines with a capacity of 782 MMSCMD to ensure adequate transportation infrastructure. Key recommendations include providing infrastructure status to gas pipelines, exploring strategic
New base energy news issue 951 dated 20 november 2016Khaled Al Awadi
- Kuwait will offer 120 new fuel stations over the next 7 years as it works to secure 15% of its energy from renewable sources by 2030. Around 19 stations have already been offered and 15 more will soon follow.
- Malaysia's Petronas will decide whether to proceed with a proposed $27 billion LNG plant in Canada by April after reassessing project costs. The project could produce 19.2 million tons of LNG per year.
- Natural gas storage in the US reached a new record high of 4,017 billion cubic feet as of November 4th due to relatively high inventories throughout the year and a warmer-than-usual winter last year.
The document discusses the history and present situation of compressed natural gas (CNG) in Bangladesh. Some key points:
- CNG was introduced in Bangladesh in 1982 when fuel oil prices spiked internationally. It is cleaner burning than gasoline or diesel.
- Current CNG usage is growing but remains below capacity, with around 19,000 vehicles but only 10,000 three-wheelers and 3,000 taxis using CNG.
- The government aims to further convert its own vehicles to CNG and allow private conversion to increase adoption rates.
- CNG is cheaper and more environmentally friendly than gasoline, but establishing CNG refueling infrastructure requires significant initial investment.
New base energy news issue 918 dated 30 august 2016Khaled Al Awadi
The document provides news updates from various oil producing regions:
1) Japan is providing $378 million in financing for the development of Abu Dhabi's offshore Hail oilfield, which is expected to start production in 2017.
2) In Oman, a pipeline project achieved 5 million man-hours without injury and is scheduled to commission in 2017.
3) In Norway, Wood Group won a contract to provide detailed design for a subsea tieback connecting the Utgard gas field to an existing platform.
4) In the Netherlands, a new LNG breakbulk facility opened at Gate terminal to increase small-scale LNG transport.
Le 03 Natural Gas (NG) Transportation and DistributionNsulangi Paul
This module describes means of transportation and distribution of natural gas from production area to the end user or consumers. The module analyzes various methods such as pipeline, liquefied natural gas (LNG), compressed natural gas (CNG), gas to liquid fuel (GtL), gas to wire (GtW) as well as gas to hydrate (GtH).
The New Exploration Licensing Policy (NELP) was introduced by the Government of India in 1997-1998 to attract private investment in oil and gas exploration through international competitive bidding. NELP awards exploration blocks to companies via production sharing contracts. Over 10 rounds of NELP bidding have been held, awarding over 300 contracts and committing over $11 billion in planned exploration investment. However, some blocks have seen delays or underperformance due to issues like regulatory uncertainty, contractual problems, or perceived reserve quality. India is now moving from NELP to an Open Acreage Licensing Policy (OALP) that gives companies more flexibility and autonomy in selecting exploration areas.
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to liquid form for storage or transport. It takes up 600 times less space than gas in its gaseous state. LNG is predominantly methane and is odorless, colorless, non-toxic, and non-corrosive. It can be transported via tankers and re-gasified for distribution as pipeline natural gas. Global LNG demand is expected to continue growing significantly in the coming decades as new supply projects are developed. Bangladesh currently imports LNG through floating storage and regasification units but is also considering developing permanent land-based LNG facilities.
Greetings,
Attached FYI ( NewBase Special 06 March 2016 ) , from Hawk Energy Services Dubai . Daily energy news covering the MENA area and related worldwide energy news. In todays’ issue you will find news about:-
• UAE: DEWA appoints consultant to study use of ash from Hassyan clean coal power pl
• Iraq: Eni starts three oil and gas treatment plants at Zubair field
• Algeria: Sonatrach awards Japan's JGC deal at Hassi Messaoud oilfield
• Ghana: Tullow's TEN FPSO arrives in Ghana
• U.S. Crude Exports Decline in January After Restrictions Lifted
• US: Crescent Dunes concentrating solar plant begins producing
• oil closes at $35.92, posts 9.5 pct weekly gain
• US shale frackers aim to be world’s biggest supplier of oil by 2020 despite bloodbath
we would appreciate your actions to send to all interested parties that you may wish. Also note that if you or your organization wish to include your own article or advert in our circulations, please send it to :-
khdmohd@hotmail.com or khdmohd@hawkenergy.net
Best Regards.
Khaled Al Awadi
Energy Consultant & NewBase Chairman - Senior Chief Editor
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USA
Emarat member since 1990
ASME meme since 1995
Hawk Energy since 2010
Attached FYI ( NewBase Special 05 February 2015 ) , with
energy news covering the MENA area and related worldwide energy news. In todays’ issue you will find news about:-
• Abu Dhabi Nasr oilfield sets end-of-the-year target after starting production
• Gasco awards Spain’s Tecnicas $700m gas contract
• Saudia: Yasref Refinery To Load First Gasoline Cargoes
• Mauritania: Chevron buys stake off Mauritania
• Kenya:Taipan Resources,update on Badada-1 well in Block 2B
• China's Chongqing Plans to Have Shale Gas Production Capacity of 30 Bcm by 2020
• CEO of Total sees oil price at $60/b this year
• Does oil's rally put rebalancing at risk? Kemp
• LNG Supply Seen Falling After 2020 as Oil Plunge Delays Projects
As this daily news periodical is free for you, we would appreciate your actions to send to all interested parties that you may wish. Also note that if you or your organization wish to include your own article or advert in our circulations, please send it to :-
khdmohd@hotmail.com or khdmohd@hawkenergy.net
Best Regards.
Khaled Al Awadi
Energy Consultant & NewBase Chairman - Senior Chief Editor
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USA
Emarat member since 1990
ASME meme since 1995
Hawk Energy since 2010
Le 05 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) BusinessNsulangi Paul
This module describes natural gas business globally. Gives details explanation on various activities connected to this liquid energy business as such LNG value chain, structures, factors to consider on capacity, number of facilities and expected global LNG business.
Greetings,
Attached FYI ( NewBase Special 23 March 2016 ) , from Hawk Energy Services Dubai . Daily energy news covering the MENA area and related worldwide energy news. In todays’ issue you will find news about:-
• Saudi Aramco oilfield expansion nearing completion
• Qatargas eyes expanded LNG supply deals with UK, Dutch terminals
• Oman: OOCEP plans to spud pilot well in Block 65
• US: Scrambling for cover, U.S. shale producers ramp up hedging
• Oil prices holding after API stockpile build reasserts glut concerns
• OPEC expects upsurge in oil prices with or without Iran
• SABIC: Oil market reaching point of "stability"
• Drillers Can't Replace Lost Output as $100 Oil Inheritance Spent
• Fiscal deficit of Gulf economies to widen on low oil prices
we would appreciate your actions to send to all interested parties that you may wish. Also note that if you or your organization wish to include your own article or advert in our circulations, please send it to :-
khdmohd@hotmail.com or khdmohd@hawkenergy.net
Best Regards.
Khaled Al Awadi
Energy Consultant & NewBase Chairman - Senior Chief Editor
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USA
Emarat member since 1990
ASME meme since 1995
Hawk Energy since 2010
Mozambique has emerged as a major natural gas producer with over 100 trillion cubic feet of reserves discovered in 2012. Several international oil and gas companies have significant interests in Mozambique's exploration blocks, including Anadarko, ENI, Shell, and PTTEP. Mozambique's large natural gas reserves are expected to boost its GDP substantially and transform its economy. The country is working to develop its natural gas resources through partnerships with international companies and countries like Japan to export liquefied natural gas.
The document discusses several developments in the oil and gas industry:
1) The Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation completed installation of a condenser on the Barakah nuclear plant in Abu Dhabi, an important milestone in the development of the UAE's nuclear energy program.
2) Dana Gas signed an agreement for the North El Arish concession offshore the Nile Delta in Egypt and was awarded development leases for new gas discoveries, strengthening its position in Egypt.
3) Algeria has invited Russian companies Gazprom and Lukoil to jointly develop and explore some of Algeria's oil and gas fields, which could increase production and exports.
Le 02 natural gas exploration and productionNsulangi Paul
This presentation demonstrates activities concerning natural gas exploration and production. The contents point out activities associated with natural gas upstream such as searching and extracting natural gas either offshore or onshore fields.
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is rapidly changing the structure of the global gas industry.
Flexible in transportation, safe in use, and competitive in supply, LNG today has already won more than 40% of the physical volume of world gas exports and is expected to reach 60% by 2040. In 2020, the development of the LNG market underwent significant transformations, as the COVID-19 pandemic posed a challenge to the global economy.
Edition 40 - Sharing in Petrobras - November/2013Petrobras
Petrobras participates in a consortium with other companies that wins the rights to explore the Libra oil block in Brazil; highlights recent divestments and awards received by Petrobras; and provides financial results and production updates for Petrobras.
SNC-Lavalin has been awarded a contract by Abu Dhabi Oil Company Ltd. (Japan) to provide project management consultancy services for an expansion aimed at increasing oil production from existing offshore oilfields in the UAE. The expansion includes increasing hydrocarbon handling capacity at existing facilities and developing the Hail oil field. SNC-Lavalin will provide services for front-end engineering design and engineering, procurement, and construction stages of the expansion project. OMV, an Austrian oil and gas group owned by Abu Dhabi, cut its 2014 oil production target due to uncertainty over the security situation in Libya, where its output has been halted since March. Mari Petroleum Company announced a significant gas and condens
New base 10 november 2017 energy news issue 1099 by khaled al awadiKhaled Al Awadi
1) Statoil has opened a new remote operations center in Bergen, Norway to remotely control the Valemon offshore oil platform, marking the first time Statoil has remotely operated a platform from land.
2) Tethys Oil has been awarded a new onshore exploration license in Block 49 in Oman, covering an area of 15,439 square kilometers. Tethys Oil will be the operator and holds a 100% interest in the block.
3) Africa Oil has completed its 2017 drilling campaign in Kenya, making two oil discoveries but also encountering some non-commercial wells. Further appraisal of existing fields was also conducted to improve the geological models.
Greetings,
Attached FYI ( NewBase Special 27 March 2016 ) , from Hawk Energy Services Dubai . Daily energy news covering the MENA area and related worldwide energy news. In todays’ issue you will find news about:-
• Saudi Arabia 10 projects in win ‘MEED Quality Awards’
• Kuwait oil company says it’s found new oil and gas field
• Kuwait Korean Consortium to Build LNG Terminal
• Algeria: PTTEP announces significant substantial flow rate at Hassi Bir Rekaiz
• Mozambique : Exxon in Talks to Buy Stake in Eni's Area 4 Gas Field
• Malaysia: SapuraKencana and GE Oil & Gas JV awarded long term service agreement by PETRONAS Floating LNG
• US oil closes at $39.46 & Brebt at 40.44 at ends week 5
• Qatar: Doha meeting to look at best recipe to raise prices
• US oil sector pain is deepening
we would appreciate your actions to send to all interested parties that you may wish. Also note that if you or your organization wish to include your own article or advert in our circulations, please send it to :-
khdmohd@hotmail.com or khdmohd@hawkenergy.net
Best Regards.
Khaled Al Awadi
Energy Consultant & NewBase Chairman - Senior Chief Editor
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USA
Emarat member since 1990
ASME meme since 1995
Hawk Energy since 2010
Introduction to Oil and Gas Industry from Upstream (Exploration & Production), Midstream (Transportation & Storage), to Downstream (Refining, Petrochemical, & Marketing)
Compressed natural gas (CNG) is a fossil fuel comprised mostly of methane that can be used as an alternative fuel. CNG has a long history dating back to the first natural gas vehicle in 1860. Today there are over 12.4 million natural gas vehicles worldwide, with Pakistan having the most CNG vehicles and stations. CNG has advantages over gasoline and diesel such as lower costs, reduced emissions, and increased oil life, but drawbacks include needing more space for fuel storage and potential health risks from radioactive elements. While CNG offers benefits, biofuels and solar energy may be better long-term alternatives.
CNG CONSUMPTION & EMISSION IN SATELITTE TOWN, RAWALPINDIKiyani1292
Natural gas production is at a relatively high level and remaining reserves are estimated to be about 885.3 billion cu m (2009). Pakistan's gas fields are only expected to last for about another 20 years at the most due to heavy industrial usage.
The gas field was discovered in the late 1952 and the commercial exploitation of the field began in 1955.
CNG CONSUMPTION IN SATELITTE TOWN, RAWALPINDIKiyani1292
The document summarizes CNG consumption at CNG stations in Satellite Town, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. It provides consumption data from visits to 14 CNG stations in the town on October 15th, November 15th, and December 15th. Total monthly CNG consumption across all stations ranged from approximately 1,325 tons to 1,325 tons. The highest consuming individual stations were Unique Enterprises at 65 tons per month and Total CNG at 32.5 tons per month.
CNG versus LPG as a Fuel
The document compares and contrasts compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as vehicle fuels. CNG produces fewer emissions than gasoline or LPG. It is safer than other fuels in the event of a spill, but causes more engine wear due to lack of lubrication. LPG produces more energy than CNG but requires specialized fuel systems. While LPG availability is greater, CNG has a more extensive pipeline distribution network. Both gases are used widely for transportation and cooking applications. The conclusion is that CNG represents a good alternative to gasoline and its use as a transportation fuel is expected to increase in the next 5-10 years.
An Overview of CNG and PNG
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG): is natural gas compressed to a pressure of 200-250 Kg/cm² (g) (due to its low density) to enhance the vehicle onboard storage capacity. Thus, the compressed form of natural gas is used as a fuel for transportation purposes.
At present CNG Retail Outlets of GAIL and Its JVCs are available in Delhi, Maharastra, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tripura, and Madhya Pradesh States with more than 400 CNG Retail outlets catering to approximately 6,80,000 vehicles.
Indraprastha Gas Ltd, a JV of GAIL (India) Ltd, has 209 CNG Retail outlets and Mahanagar Gas Ltd another JV of GAIL (India) Ltd has set up 148 CNG stations
Similarly, other JVCs like MNGL has 13 Outlets, BGL has 14 outlets , GGL with 10 outlets each, and AGL & CGUL with 9 retail outlets each and TNGCL with one outlet.
GAIL Gas Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of GAIL (India) Limited has currently 17 CNG outlets at Dewas, Sonepat, Kota, Meerut, Vijaipur, Dibiyapur, Firozabad, Vadodara and Panvel. It will be commissioning its other outlets very soon.
Piped Natural Gas (PNG) is natural gas used as a fuel for households, Industries (with a demand of less than 50000 scmd) and commercial units
The document discusses using natural gas as an alternative fuel to diesel in dump trucks used in surface mines in India. It provides background on global initiatives to use natural gas in heavy equipment. The key points made are:
- Natural gas could reduce fuel costs and emissions compared to diesel alone. Two options discussed are compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG).
- A case study from an Australian coal mine found that using 75% CNG or LNG and 25% diesel in dump trucks could meet an 8-hour shift with smaller fuel tanks than diesel alone.
- For implementation in Indian mines, on-site storage and fueling infrastructure would need to be established to safely
This document provides an overview of CNG filling operations at Indraprastha Gas Limited (IGL) in New Delhi, India. It discusses the basics of compressed natural gas (CNG) as an alternative vehicle fuel, describing the CNG filling process, infrastructure requirements, and vehicle storage systems. It also summarizes IGL's quality control procedures for incoming natural gas, highlighting tests done at their Mahipalpur Gas Station. The report aims to understand various aspects of CNG filling operations in order to analyze the process and suggest improvements.
Greenfoot Global produces a fuel catalyst called the Greenfoot Catalyst that was originally developed over 30 years ago for the aerospace industry. It is now marketed to consumers and has a customer retention rate over 90%. The catalyst reduces emissions, improves fuel efficiency, and eliminates carbon deposits to increase engine life. Testing shows engines treated with the catalyst can run over 13,000 hours without deposits compared to untreated engines that require cleaning.
The document discusses CNG cylinders used for storing compressed natural gas. It provides details on the types of CNG cylinders, including four main types classified based on their materials and manufacturing process. It also discusses regulations regarding periodic retesting of cylinders and safety issues related to expired, improper, or overfilled cylinders.
This document provides an overview of renewable natural gas (RNG) and its potential use as a vehicle fuel for municipalities, food processors, and fleets. Key points include:
- RNG is cost-competitive with diesel and reduces greenhouse gas emissions by up to 90% compared to diesel. Several Canadian municipalities have implemented or are studying RNG production and use.
- Food waste and organic materials can be converted to RNG through anaerobic digestion, providing an alternative to landfilling these materials. This "closes the loop" by using waste as a fuel.
- Switching fleets to compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles can save up to 40% on fuel costs compared to diesel or
The document discusses solutions for natural gas produced from oil wells that is currently being flared due to a lack of pipeline infrastructure to transport it to market. It proposes installing portable natural gas liquid extraction and liquefaction equipment at wellheads to process the gas, extract natural gas liquids, and produce liquefied natural gas. This would allow producers to monetize the natural gas until permanent pipelines are connected by selling the extracted natural gas liquids and liquefied natural gas.
This document discusses a waste to energy project involving the pyrolysis of scrap tires in Bangladesh. It notes that Bangladesh has low per capita energy consumption and relies heavily on biomass fuels. Scrap tires are a growing waste problem, and pyrolysis can convert them into useful products like oil, carbon black, and steel wires. The company has installed a commercial plant to produce alternative liquid fuel from tire waste via pyrolysis. The plant aims to help mitigate Bangladesh's liquid fuel crisis by producing pyrolysis oil that can replace furnace oil and diesel in industrial applications like road construction and power generation. The document provides details on the products and their potential uses and buyers.
Compressed natural gas (CNG) is presented as an alternative fuel to gasoline and diesel. CNG is made by compressing natural gas, which is mostly methane, to less than 1% of its volume. It has a higher octane rating than gasoline and burns cleaner with reduced emissions. Worldwide, countries like Pakistan, Iran, Argentina, and India have the most vehicles running on CNG, with over 17 million natural gas vehicles total. Converting vehicles to CNG provides benefits like lower fuel costs, reduced pollution, and increased fuel efficiency compared to gasoline or diesel. However, CNG also has some disadvantages like needing more space for fuel storage and potential issues in cold weather.
The document discusses India's 11th City Gas Distribution bidding round. It provides context on natural gas usage in India, previous bidding rounds, and details of the 11th round. 65 geographical areas across 19 states and 1 union territory will be bid out, covering 33% of India's area and 26% of its population. The bidding is scheduled to take place between October 2021 to February 2022.
The document discusses India's 11th City Gas Distribution bidding round. It provides context on natural gas usage in India, previous bidding rounds, and details of the 11th round. 65 geographical areas across 19 states and 1 union territory will be bid out, covering 33% of India's area and 26% of its population. The bidding is scheduled to take place between October 2021 to February 2022.
The document summarizes key facts about India's natural gas sector:
1) Natural gas currently accounts for 6% of India's primary energy mix but the government aims to increase this to 15% by 2030.
2) India is planning significant new LNG import terminal capacity and pipeline infrastructure to support increasing gas consumption.
3) City gas distribution is emerging as a key driver of growth in gas demand in India through expansion of CNG and PNG networks.
The document discusses India's growing energy needs, especially for electricity and natural gas, projecting a 4 to 6-fold increase in demand over the next 25 years. It outlines India's current domestic gas supply and imports, explores various pipeline options to import gas from neighboring countries, and examines the history and structure of gas pricing in India.
Learn the basics of biogas use and its current role in Wisconsin. Next, manufacturers will talk about biogas systems and requirements. Lastly, fleets will talk about their firsthand experience using biogas as a transportation fuel.
This document discusses the costs and options for setting up compressed natural gas (CNG) fueling stations for fleets of garbage trucks. It provides estimated costs for stations that can fuel 15, 30, or 50 trucks, which range from $500,000-$1.2 million. It also outlines the types of CNG fueling stations, including fast fill public access stations and time fill private stations. The document discusses the benefits of powering trucks with natural gas, including cost savings, reduced emissions, and energy security.
Presentation To N P T I O Il & Gas Source Nov 03 1Jayanta Bora
The document discusses sources of oil and gas and their importance for the power sector. It provides historical data on global and Indian energy consumption trends over time. Key points include natural gas emerging as a competing fuel for power generation due to new indigenous gas finds and growing LNG infrastructure in India. Natural gas is expected to be the fastest growing component of the global energy mix in the future. The document also outlines India's hydrocarbon vision for 2025 which aims to increase domestic oil and gas production and supply to improve energy security.
Similar to CNG CONSUMPTION IN SATELITTE TOWN, RAWALPINDI (20)
3. IntroductionIntroduction
Natural gas production is at a relatively high level and remainingNatural gas production is at a relatively high level and remaining
reserves are estimated to be about 885.3 billion cu m (2009).reserves are estimated to be about 885.3 billion cu m (2009).
Pakistan's gas fields are only expected to last for about anotherPakistan's gas fields are only expected to last for about another
20 years at the most due to heavy industrial usage.20 years at the most due to heavy industrial usage.
The gas field was discovered in the late 1952 and the commercialThe gas field was discovered in the late 1952 and the commercial
exploitation of the field began in 1955.exploitation of the field began in 1955.
What is Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)?What is Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)?
CNG is natural gas that has been compressed into a high-CNG is natural gas that has been compressed into a high-
pressure container for transportation or storage. Since the 1960s,pressure container for transportation or storage. Since the 1960s,
CNG has become a vehicle fuel alternative to oil-based gasolineCNG has become a vehicle fuel alternative to oil-based gasoline
and diesel fuel.and diesel fuel.
4. CNG ServicesCNG Services
The start of CNG as fuel for motor vehicles was started in 1940.The start of CNG as fuel for motor vehicles was started in 1940.
RecentlyRecently 26002600 CNG stations are working in Pakistan.CNG stations are working in Pakistan.
OGRAOGRA
Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA) has been set up underOil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA) has been set up under
the Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority Ordinance dated 28th Marchthe Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority Ordinance dated 28th March
2002 to foster competition, increase private investment and2002 to foster competition, increase private investment and
ownership in the midstream and downstream petroleum industry,ownership in the midstream and downstream petroleum industry,
protect the public interest while respecting individual rights andprotect the public interest while respecting individual rights and
provide effective and efficient regulations.provide effective and efficient regulations.
5. Operational CNG Stations in PakistanOperational CNG Stations in Pakistan
CNG being an alternative fuel and wellCNG being an alternative fuel and well
proven with passage of time has increasedproven with passage of time has increased
its consumers in Pakistan; almost 900,000its consumers in Pakistan; almost 900,000
vehicles in last 3 years have converted tovehicles in last 3 years have converted to
CNG; and these days near around 150,000CNG; and these days near around 150,000
vehicles are converting to CNG in a yearvehicles are converting to CNG in a year
that makes Pakistan to be the 3rd largestthat makes Pakistan to be the 3rd largest
user of CNG vehicles in the World afteruser of CNG vehicles in the World after
Argentina and Brazil.Argentina and Brazil.
High Pressure Compressors installed areHigh Pressure Compressors installed are
of various design types like L-type, W-type,of various design types like L-type, W-type,
V-type, and D-type.V-type, and D-type.
6. Important RegulationsImportant Regulations
For installation of a stand-alone CNG station at raw sites/newFor installation of a stand-alone CNG station at raw sites/new
locations, NOCs only from the following authorities be obtained:locations, NOCs only from the following authorities be obtained:
Gas utility Company, Department of Explosives, Civil Defense,Gas utility Company, Department of Explosives, Civil Defense,
Tensile Municipal Officer, and Third Party certification from HDIPTensile Municipal Officer, and Third Party certification from HDIP
including a reputable Private Sector Company of high standards.including a reputable Private Sector Company of high standards.
All authorities concerned must decide for issuance of NOC(s) orAll authorities concerned must decide for issuance of NOC(s) or
otherwise within one month of the receipt of request.otherwise within one month of the receipt of request.
7. CNG Consumption in Satellite TownCNG Consumption in Satellite Town
RawalpindiRawalpindi
We visited unique CNG on 15-10-2010, 15-We visited unique CNG on 15-10-2010, 15-
11-2010 and 15-12-2010 respectively. Unique11-2010 and 15-12-2010 respectively. Unique
CNG is located in D-Block Satellite TownCNG is located in D-Block Satellite Town
Rawalpindi, acquiring an area of 80 Marla’s.Rawalpindi, acquiring an area of 80 Marla’s.
The CNG has been constructed beautifullyThe CNG has been constructed beautifully
and keeping in view the order andand keeping in view the order and
prescription of ‘OGRA’. 40 employees haveprescription of ‘OGRA’. 40 employees have
been working in different areas.been working in different areas.
During our three different visits the pricesDuring our three different visits the prices
were in all CNG Station Rs. 57.03(CNG) ,Rswere in all CNG Station Rs. 57.03(CNG) ,Rs
68.14(petrol), and Rs 74.06 (Diesel). The68.14(petrol), and Rs 74.06 (Diesel). The
prices were same on our 1st and 2nd visit butprices were same on our 1st and 2nd visit but
different on our 3rd visit prices were Rs.different on our 3rd visit prices were Rs.
57.03(CNG), Rs 73.14(Petrol),Rs 78.5657.03(CNG), Rs 73.14(Petrol),Rs 78.56
(Diesel). No discount was being offered by all(Diesel). No discount was being offered by all
CNG’s.CNG’s.
8. Total CNG Consumption (Kgs) in SatelliteTotal CNG Consumption (Kgs) in Satellite
Town RawalpindiTown Rawalpindi
Total CNG consumption in KG in S.Town Rawalpindi
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
y
CNG Stations
ConsumptioninKG
Unique Total S.Tow n PSO Gasco Amina Madina
Anique Kandaan Satellite Gondal Auto Malang Ahmed
Kandaan Raw al Kandaan National1 National2 National3
9. Total CNG Consumption (Tons) inTotal CNG Consumption (Tons) in
Satellite Town RawalpindiSatellite Town Rawalpindi
Total CNG Consumption in Ton in S.Town Rawalpindi
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
y
CNG Stations
CNGConsumptioninTon
Unique Total S.Tow n PSO Gasco Amina Madina
Anique Kandaan Satellite Gondal Auto Malang Ahmed
Kandaan Raw al Kandaan National1 National2 National3
10. Total CNG Consumption (G.J.) in SatelliteTotal CNG Consumption (G.J.) in Satellite
Town RawalpindiTown Rawalpindi
Total CNG Consumption in GJ in S.Town Rawalpindi
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
y
CNG Stations
CNGconsumptioninG.J
Unique Total S.Tow n PSO Gasco Amina Madina
Anique Kandaan Satellite Gondal Auto Malang Ahmed
Kandaan Raw al Kandaan National1 National2 National3
11. Difference between CNG and OilDifference between CNG and Oil
ConsumptionConsumption
(CNG) is a fossil fuel substitute(CNG) is a fossil fuel substitute
for gasoline (petrol), diesel, or propane/LPG. Althoughfor gasoline (petrol), diesel, or propane/LPG. Although
its combustion does produceits combustion does produce greenhouse gases, it is agases, it is a
more environmentally clean alternative to those fuels,more environmentally clean alternative to those fuels,
and it is much safer than other fuels in the event ofand it is much safer than other fuels in the event of
a spill (natural gas is lighter than air, and dispersesa spill (natural gas is lighter than air, and disperses
quickly when released).quickly when released).
CNG produces significantly lesser emissions ofCNG produces significantly lesser emissions of
pollutants like carbonpollutants like carbon
dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbons (UHC), carbonmonoxidedioxide (CO2), hydrocarbons (UHC), carbonmonoxide
(CO),nitrogenoxides (NOx), sulfuroxides (SOx)(CO),nitrogenoxides (NOx), sulfuroxides (SOx)
and particulate matter (PM), as compared to petrol.and particulate matter (PM), as compared to petrol.
12. EXAMPLEEXAMPLE
For example, an engine runningFor example, an engine running
on petrol for 100 km emitson petrol for 100 km emits
22,000 grams of CO2, while22,000 grams of CO2, while
covering the same distance oncovering the same distance on
CNG emits only 16,275 gramsCNG emits only 16,275 grams
of CO2. [CNG is essentiallyof CO2. [CNG is essentially
methane, i.e. CH4 with amethane, i.e. CH4 with a
calorific value of 900 Kj/mol.calorific value of 900 Kj/mol.
This burns with Oxygen toThis burns with Oxygen to
produce 1 mol of CO2 andproduce 1 mol of CO2 and
2 mol of H2O.2 mol of H2O.
13. CNG AdvantagesCNG Advantages
CNG-powered vehicles have lower maintenance costs whenCNG-powered vehicles have lower maintenance costs when
compared with other fuel-powered vehicles.compared with other fuel-powered vehicles.
Another practical advantage observed is the increased life ofAnother practical advantage observed is the increased life of
lubricating oils, as CNG does not contaminate and dilute thelubricating oils, as CNG does not contaminate and dilute the
crankcase oil.crankcase oil.
Pakistan currently has the highest number of vehiclesPakistan currently has the highest number of vehicles
running on CNG in the world followed by Argentina, Brazilrunning on CNG in the world followed by Argentina, Brazil
and Iran. Pakistan also has the highest number of CNGand Iran. Pakistan also has the highest number of CNG
stations in the world numbering more than 2600.stations in the world numbering more than 2600.
14. DisadvantagesDisadvantages
Higher cost of a vehicleHigher cost of a vehicle
The cost of fuel stations is higher, and fuel systemThe cost of fuel stations is higher, and fuel system
components are more expensivecomponents are more expensive
The engine power is reduced (5 - 10 %) in the case ofThe engine power is reduced (5 - 10 %) in the case of
converted vehicles. CNG vehicles have a shorterconverted vehicles. CNG vehicles have a shorter
traveling distance compared to traditional fuels (200 250traveling distance compared to traditional fuels (200 250
km in the case of an automobile converted for the use ofkm in the case of an automobile converted for the use of
natural gas).natural gas).
15. ConclusionConclusion
CNG is a cheaper fuel than petrol and diesel in Pakistan.CNG is a cheaper fuel than petrol and diesel in Pakistan.
CNG gives more mileage as compared to petrol and diesel.CNG gives more mileage as compared to petrol and diesel.
CNG produces hazardous gas lesser than other fuels.CNG produces hazardous gas lesser than other fuels.
Along with the advantages, the CNG is more dangerousAlong with the advantages, the CNG is more dangerous
(highly explosive) as compared to petrol and diesel.(highly explosive) as compared to petrol and diesel.
Some CNG stations are located in highly populatedSome CNG stations are located in highly populated
residential areas which can be dangerous for theresidential areas which can be dangerous for the
surrounding population.surrounding population.
The staff working on the CNG station are not been providedThe staff working on the CNG station are not been provided
with any safety measures or equipment.with any safety measures or equipment.
The engine life is effected negatively due to non-lubricationThe engine life is effected negatively due to non-lubrication
when used CNG as fuel.when used CNG as fuel.
The efficiency of engine is affected and in result the speedThe efficiency of engine is affected and in result the speed
and pick of automobile is affected badly.and pick of automobile is affected badly.
16. RecommendationsRecommendations
CNG stations should be equipped with proper safetyCNG stations should be equipped with proper safety
measures for both staff and customers.measures for both staff and customers.
The cylinders and CNG kits installed in automobilesThe cylinders and CNG kits installed in automobiles
should be properly and periodically look after.should be properly and periodically look after.
CNG is a fossil fuel and it will be finished after a specificCNG is a fossil fuel and it will be finished after a specific
time, so that we have to make arrangements andtime, so that we have to make arrangements and
research for other sources of energy.research for other sources of energy.
Old models of vehicles should be banned because theyOld models of vehicles should be banned because they
consume more CNG along with the engine lubricantsconsume more CNG along with the engine lubricants
which produce more pollution.which produce more pollution.
CNG station should be on proper distance from theCNG station should be on proper distance from the
residential buildings.residential buildings.
17. ReferencesReferences
All Pakistan CNG AssociationAll Pakistan CNG Association
Kandaan AssociationKandaan Association
Field Survey conducted by the researchers.Field Survey conducted by the researchers.
InternetInternet