The document discusses safety hazards in construction and methods for prevention. It identifies common health hazards at construction sites such as falls from heights, electric shocks, and exposure to hazardous substances. It also discusses performing hazard identification and risk assessment (HIRA) to prioritize the most dangerous hazards. HIRA involves identifying hazards, analyzing risks, assessing likelihood and impacts, and reviewing and monitoring risks over time to improve safety. The goal of HIRA is to improve emergency preparedness and maintain a safe workplace by addressing high-risk hazards first.

1. Safety Hazards In
Construction And It's
Prevention
RV College of
Engineering
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world
Presented by-
TUSHAR SINGH
Presented to-
PRAVEEN KUMAR K
USN-
1RV19CV116
Course Code-
18CV6D4

2. ❖ Introduction
❖ Hazards at Construction management sites
■ Hazards at Construction sites
■ Health Hazard situations in various places
❖ Risk Assessment
■ Risk Analysis
■ Risk Assessment at workspace
❖ Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA)
■ What is HIRA
■ Advantages and Objective Of HIRA
■ Process involved
■ Tools used in HIRA
❖ Conclusion
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Contents
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3. ❖ Construction site is a very important place, as a considerable
number of workers are involved in construction activities.
Employments in construction site can be categorized into
three groups; “Management and technical” workforce,
“Skilled” work force and “Semi-skilled and Unskilled”
workforce.
❖ But with these large numbers, there are a large number of
fatalities recorded in the construction sites, it is considered as
one of the hazardous occupations in the world when
compared to any other sector.
❖ In industrial arena, if any industry to be successful, it has to be
safe, reliable, and sustainable in its operations. The industry
has to identify the hazards and assess the associated risks
and to bring the risks to tolerable level.
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Introduction
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4. ❖ While Working at a construction place, there can be several
factors which, if not taken care of, can turn to an accident in
no time.
❖ Some of the most common type of hazards are:
■ Working at height: Working from heights is the most
common cause of fatal injuries to workers. The HSE
estimated that 47% of worker fatalities were due to a fall
from height.
■ Moving Objects: A construction site is an ever-
changing environment, and construction hazards
continue to increase as construction is underway.
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Types Of Safety Hazards
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5. ■ Slips, Trips, and Falls: It can happen in almost any
environment. As construction sites often have uneven
terrain, buildings at various stages of completion, and
unused materials on site, it is unsurprising that slips,
trips, and falls are a common hazard
■ Noise: Construction is noisy and, as a result, noise is
a common construction hazard. Loud, repetitive, and
excessive noise causes long term hearing problems,
such as deafness.
■ Hand Arm Vibration: It is a painful and debilitating
disease of the blood vessels, nerves, and joints. It is
usually caused by the prolonged use of hand-held
power tools, including vibratory power tools and
ground working equipment.
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Types Of Safety Hazards
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6. ■ Material and Manual Handling: Materials and
equipment are constantly being lifted and moved
around construction sites, whether this be manually or
by equipment. Either way, handling carries a degree of
risk.
■ Airborne Fibres and Materials: Unsurprisingly, a lot of
dust is produced on construction sites. The dust on
construction sites is often an invisible, fine, and toxic
mixture of hazardous materials and fibres. This can
damage the lungs and lead to diseases such as chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and silicosis.
■ Electricity: It is harmful to be exposed to electrical live
parts. Harm can occur either by touching live parts
directly, or indirectly by a conducting object or material.
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Types Of Safety Hazards
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7. ■ Asbestos: Asbestos refers to a set of six naturally
occurring fibrous minerals. When materials that
contain asbestos are disturbed or damaged, these
fibres are released into the air. Inhaling these fibres
can cause fatal and serious diseases such as lung
cancer, asbestosis, and pleural thickening.
■ Collapsing Trenches: A common occurrence on
construction sites is the collapsing of trenches with
workers inside. Further, a building that is being
demolished or under construction can suddenly and
unexpectedly collapse, which can seriously injure, or
even kill, those inside.
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Types Of Safety Hazards
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8. ■ The risk factors involved in construction sites include badly
identified soil structure, bad work schedule, equipment
failure, worker's absence, worker's performance, poor
management of material resources, supplies and
personnel, quality of construction materials, maintaining
standards and poor work organization.
■ The scoring and surveying method is used to evaluate the
level of Individual Professional Risk (IPR). In the scoring
method, the risk assessment (RA) can be obtained by
instrumental measures of actual parameters and
comparing it with the hygienic standards.
■ The survey method, however, is performed by the self-
perception of workers on risk in the production process.
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Risk Assessment
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9. ■ After the identification of hazards is completed, the
hazards should be either removed or evaluated. There may
be some easy and quick fixes that will eliminate a hazard
all together. This is referred as the “remove hazards”.
■ These measures should be determined and proposed for
the approval of the management. When implemented
correctly, the measures will leave no risks at all, i.e. the
accidents or diseases associated with the hazard before
the implementation will be impossible to take place.
■ Some hazards are not easy to remove though; then an
evaluation process will be necessary to assign relative
scores to various risks.
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10. RV College of
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Risk Assessment
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Data gathered from
different places for
health Hazards caused
at construction sites

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Possible causes of
poor safety practices

12. ❖ Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) is
carried for identification of undesirable events that can
lead to a hazard, the analysis of hazard of this
undesirable event, that could occur and usually the
estimation of its extent, magnitude and likelihood of
harmful effects.
❖ Hazard identification and risk analysis (HIRA) is a
collective term that encompasses all activities
involved in identifying hazards and evaluating risk at
facilities, throughout their life cycle, to make certain that
risks to employees, the public or the environment are
consistently controlled within the organization's risk
tolerance level.
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13. ❖ The objective of this work of hazards and risk analysis is
to identify and analyze hazards, the event sequences
leading to hazards and the risk associated with
hazardous events.
❖ Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) is
carried for identification of undesirable events that can
lead to a hazard, the analysis of hazard of this
undesirable event, that could occur and usually the
estimation of its extent, magnitude and likelihood of
harmful effects.
❖ It is widely accepted within industry in general that the
various techniques of risk assessment contribute greatly
toward improvements in the safety of complex operations
and equipment.
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Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA)
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14. ❖ Tools for simple hazard identification or qualitative risk
analysis include hazard and operability analysis (HAZOP),
what –if/checklist analysis, and failure modes and effect
analysis (FMEA)
❖ Tools for simple risk analysis include failure modes,
effects and critically analysis (FMECA) and layer of
protection analysis (LOPA), and
❖ Tools for detailed quantitative risk analysis include fault
trees and event trees.
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❖ For example some companies may judge the mere
existence of an explosion hazard to be an unacceptable
risk, regardless of its likelihood. Others may be willing to
tolerate an explosion risk if proper codes and standards
are followed.

15. ❖ Many techniques ranging from the simple qualitative
methods to the advanced quantitative methods are
available to help identify and analyze hazards. The use of
multiple hazard analysis techniques is recommended
because each has its own purpose, strengths, and
weaknesses.
❖ The different segments of activities were divided in to
high, medium and low depending upon their
consequences and likelihood. The high risks activities
have been marked in red color are un-accepted and must
be reduced
❖ At each stage in the work life cycle, a review team
questions process experts about possible hazards and
judges the risk of any hazards that are identified.
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Risk assessments will
help the mine operators
to identify high, medium
and low risk levels.
Risk assessment
Inspections provide a
system of recognizing
hazardous conditions
Hazard identification
To prioritize which risks
require further
development of
treatments to prevent
Monitor and review
The risk analysis
determined the
frequency and potential
impact of hazards
Risk analysis

16. ❖ Hazard identification: Workplace hazards can be
identified in a number of ways. Inspections provide a
system of recognizing hazardous conditions so that those
conditions can be corrected.
❖ Risk assessment: Risk assessments will help to
priorities risks and provide information on the probability
of harm arising and severity of harm by understanding the
hazard, combine assessments of probability and severity
to produce an assessment of risk and it is used in the
assessment of risk as an aid to decision making.
RV College of
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Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA)
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Risk assessments will
help the mine operators
to identify high, medium
and low risk levels.
Risk assessment
Inspections provide a
system of recognizing
hazardous conditions
Hazard identification
To prioritize which risks
require further
development of
treatments to prevent
Monitor and review
The risk analysis
determined the
frequency and potential
impact of hazards
Risk analysis

17. ❖ Risk analysis : The risk analysis determined the
frequency and potential impact of hazards on business
operations, community, associated stakeholders, related
infrastructure, and the environment. Historical
occurrences, changing circumstances, outside influences
and similar occurrences happening elsewhere are
examined when analyzing risks.
❖ Monitor and review : A HIRA is part of the emergency
management process. The risk assessment will be used
to prioritize which risks require further development of
treatments to prevent, mitigate, accept, or transfer the
risks associated with hazards or threats.
RV College of
Engineering
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA)
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Risk assessments will
help the mine operators
to identify high, medium
and low risk levels.
Risk assessment
Inspections provide a
system of recognizing
hazardous conditions
Hazard identification
To prioritize which risks
require further
development of
treatments to prevent
Monitor and review
The risk analysis
determined the
frequency and potential
impact of hazards
Risk analysis

18. RV College of
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Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA)
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19. ❖ The objective of this work of hazards and risk analysis is
to identify and analyze hazards, the event sequences
leading to hazards and the risk associated with
hazardous events.
❖ Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) is
carried for identification of undesirable events that can
lead to a hazard, the analysis of hazard of this
undesirable event, that could occur and usually the
estimation of its extent, magnitude and likelihood of
harmful effects.
❖ It is widely accepted within industry in general that the
various techniques of risk assessment contribute greatly
toward improvements in the safety of complex operations
and equipment.
RV College of
Engineering
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA)
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20. ● Health hazards in construction sites can be categorised into two: acute health hazards and
chronic health hazards. Mostly reported acute health hazards are “workers fall from height”
and “electric shocks”, while mostly reported chronic health hazard is “exposure to
hazardous substances”. Lack of awareness about site safety or dislike to wear Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) was identified as one of the main causes for scarcity of safety
practices in construction sites.
● The first step for emergency preparedness and maintaining a safe workplace is defining
and analyzing hazards. Although all hazards should be addressed, resource limitations
usually do not allow this to happen at one time.
● Hazard identification and risk assessment can be used to establish priorities so that the
most dangerous situations are addressed first and those least likely to occur and least
likely to cause major problems can be considered later.
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Conclusion
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21. RV College of
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