CM Function of the heart pp.pptx
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The document summarizes the function of the heart in 3 parts: 1) It describes the structure of the heart including the chambers, valves, arteries and conduction system. 2) It explains how the heart acts as a pump by contracting its chambers in a coordinated way, driven by electrical signals from pacemaker cells. 3) It details the two types of cardiac cells (cardiomyocytes and pacemaker cells), how they generate and transmit electrical signals to trigger synchronized contractions that pump blood throughout the body.
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Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
*
Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Learning ObjectivesName the parts of the heart and associated blood vessels and their functions in the circulation of blood.Trace the pathway of blood through the heart.Identify and describe major pathologic conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels.
Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
*
Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Learning Objectives (cont’d.)Define combining forms that relate to the cardiovascular system.Describe important laboratory tests and clinical procedures pertaining to the cardiovascular system, and recognize relevant abbreviations.Apply your new knowledge to understand medical terms in their proper context, such as in medical reports and records.
Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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*
Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
IntroductionCardiovascular System: delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells of body tissueHeart (muscular pump)Blood vessels (fuel line and transportation network)
Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
*What are three types of blood vessels in the body? What are the primary differences between them? (See next slide.)
Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
*What are smaller branches of arteries called? (arterioles)What are small veins that carry waste-filled blood back to the heart called? (venules)
Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
*Point out the discrete layers of each vessel. Compare and contrast the substructures of each type of vessel.Why is the muscle layer in an artery thicker than that of a vein?
Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Unlike isolated cardiomyocytes, cardiac tissue slices better preserve the native myocardial tissue, including both fibroblasts and myocytes. And unlike whole heart studies, slices are better suited for acquisition of functional parameters like calcium transients. Unlike both models, however, cardiac slices have not been widely utilized and their preparation remains a significant challenge for many labs. In this webinar, Dr. Bradley Palmer shows how to successfully prepare cardiac slices for measurements of force and calcium, as well as work loops and stress and strain. Data analysis and interpretation are also demonstrated.
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2. The heart has four chambers, valves to prevent backflow of blood, and a conducting system to coordinate contractions.
3. Cardiac muscle cells are striated, branched, and connected to allow the heart to function as a syncytium. They generate action potentials in a cycle of excitation and contraction.
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The document describes a medical converter (MC) and extraordinarily fast computer version five (C1V5) that can convert the human body to energy, store it as data, and then reconstruct the body in a healed state. The MC is operated by a medical professional using a holographic interface. It can cure all diseases by restoring the body to its original healthy DNA/RNA configuration at birth within 5 minutes. This technology could provide complete healing for injured veterans and cure all human medical conditions.
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This document provides an overview of cardiac tissue engineering. It discusses the use of biomaterials like scaffolds and hydrogels to support cells for growing new cardiac tissue. Common cell types used include stem cells and differentiated cardiac cells. Tissue engineered constructs aim to be biocompatible, functional and living to replace damaged heart tissue like blood vessels, heart valves, and myocardial patches. Recent developments include engineered tissues that closely mimic heart muscle mechanics and biology.
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learn how to obtain an ECG, anyone can do it:
This presentation aims to show the clinical process of obtaining an ECG and features some tips and suggestions to troubleshoot and improve the quality of the tracing.
Please note that you're welcome to use any slides as long as you reference my post when you do so to maintain the integrity of authorship
If interested in detailed answers, please email: aamirdash@yahoo.com
Thanks, Ahmad
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This document provides an overview of the cardiovascular system and heart anatomy and function. It begins with learning objectives about naming parts of the heart and blood vessels, tracing blood flow through the heart, and describing pathologies. The document then covers the three types of blood vessels, heart anatomy including chambers and valves, the conduction system, electrocardiograms, blood pressure, and various cardiovascular pathologies like arrhythmias, congenital heart defects, and more. Key concepts are emphasized such as the roles of the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes in pacing the heart.
Production of stem cell derived cardiomyocytes
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2. Directed differentiation methods are used to generate iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes by mimicking cardiac developmental signaling pathways.
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Basic pacing concepts
The document provides an overview of basic pacing concepts including:
- Types of pacemakers such as single chamber, dual chamber, and triple chamber systems.
- Components of a pacemaker system including the pulse generator, leads, and electrical concepts such as voltage, current, and impedance.
- Factors that can affect pacing thresholds and how to test the pacemaker circuit including identifying high and low impedance conditions.
Chapter 11Cardiovascular SystemCopyright © 2008, 200
Chapter 11
Cardiovascular System
Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
*
Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Learning ObjectivesName the parts of the heart and associated blood vessels and their functions in the circulation of blood.Trace the pathway of blood through the heart.Identify and describe major pathologic conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels.
Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
*
Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Learning Objectives (cont’d.)Define combining forms that relate to the cardiovascular system.Describe important laboratory tests and clinical procedures pertaining to the cardiovascular system, and recognize relevant abbreviations.Apply your new knowledge to understand medical terms in their proper context, such as in medical reports and records.
Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
*
Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 11
Lesson 11.1
Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
*
Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
IntroductionCardiovascular System: delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells of body tissueHeart (muscular pump)Blood vessels (fuel line and transportation network)
Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
*What are three types of blood vessels in the body? What are the primary differences between them? (See next slide.)
Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
BLOOD VESSELS AND THE CIRCULATION OF BLOODArteries are the vessels that lead oxygenated blood away from the heart.Veins are thinner walled vessels compared to arteries. They move deoxygenated blood toward the heart from the tissues.Capillaries are the smallest vessels. They form the point of exchange for oxygen and nutrients into body cells and waste products coming from body cells.
Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
*What are smaller branches of arteries called? (arterioles)What are small veins that carry waste-filled blood back to the heart called? (venules)
Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
BLOOD VESSELS
Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
*Point out the discrete layers of each vessel. Compare and contrast the substructures of each type of vessel.Why is the muscle layer in an artery thicker than that of a vein?
Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
systemic circulation
Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rig ...
Biological pacemakers
The sinoatrial (SA) node is the dominant pacemaker of the
heart which initiates the process of impulse generation in the
cardiac tissue, thereby defining the rate and rhythm of cardiac
contraction. The automaticity of the conduction cells in the
SA node is due to ion channels which are inter-linked by
molecular, histological and electrophysiological mechanisms
causing spontaneous diastolic depolarization and generation of
an impulse. The SA nodal action potentials are then transmitted
to the ventricles by electrical coupling of the myocytes in
different areas of the heart. Regulatory pathways overseeing
cardiac impulse generation and conduction provide effective
and safe pacing, and help maintain the rate according to the
physiological demands of the individual’s body. Failure of
physiological pacing due to any pathology in the SA or atrioventricular
node necessitates implantation of a permanent
pacemaker. Implantable pacemakers, despite technological
advances, are not without practical limitations including a
defined battery life leading to lead and/or generator replacement
at periodic intervals, vascular complications, occasional
component failure, electronic interference from external/
internal sources, e.g. myopotentials, electromechanical interference,
etc., inadequate or incomplete physiological rate response
to autonomic influences (devices have certain algorithms
to address these issues) and most importantly the risk of
infection. A biological pacemaker is therefore emerging as a
promising technique to counter these challenges.
Maor Presentation 2016
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PROSPECTS FOR MYOCARDIAL TISSUE ENGINEERING
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CM Function of the heart pp.pptx
- 1. Function of the heart Module 279 19 C Medical Instrumentation II Unit C 18.1 Maintaining cardiovascular and monitoring equipment o Structure o Heart as a pump o Electrical behaviour of cardiac cells o Ventricular activation 18.1.1 Thefunctionof theheart dr. Chris R. Mol, BME, NORTEC, 2017 © This presentation contains an overview of the topics you need to know. The detailed explanations behind this are presented in video fragments which are available on your USB stick.
- 2. dr. Chris R. Mol, BME, NORTEC, 2017 Anatomic structure of the heart Cardiology © coronary arteries and veins
- 3. dr. Chris R. Mol, BME, NORTEC, 2017 Functional diagram of the pumping heart Cardiology ©
- 4. dr. Chris R. Mol, BME, NORTEC, 2017 Heart Valves Cardiology © heart valves prevent blood flow in the wrong (‘backwards’) direction Papillary muscles Tendinous cords
- 5. dr. Chris R. Mol, BME, NORTEC, 2017 Heart Valves and Sounds Cardiology © Diagnosis of heart valve function through ‘auscultation’
- 6. dr. Chris R. Mol, BME, NORTEC, 2017 Cardiac Conduction System and ECG Cardiology ©
- 7. dr. Chris R. Mol, BME, NORTEC, 2017 Cardiac cells: activation and contraction Cardiology © There are two types of cells within the heart: • cardiomyocytes (heart muscle cells) make up the atria and the ventricles. These cells must be able to shorten and lengthen their fibres and the fibres must be flexible enough to stretch. intercalated discs All of these cells are connected by cellular bridges. Porous junctions called intercalated discs form junctions between the cells. They permit sodium, potassium and calcium to easily diffuse from cell to cell. This makes it easier for depolarization and repolarization in the myocardium. Because of these junctions and bridges the heart muscle is able to act as a single coordinated unit. cardiomyocyte • cardiac pacemaker cells carry the electrical impulses that are responsible for the beating of the heart. They are distributed throughout the heart and are responsible for several functions. First, they are responsible for being able to spontaneously generate and send out electrical impulses. They also must be able to receive and respond to electrical impulses from the brain. Lastly, they must be able to transfer electrical impulses from cell to cell.
- 8. dr. Chris R. Mol, BME, NORTEC, 2017 Cardiac cells: activation and contraction Cardiology ©
- 9. dr. Chris R. Mol, BME, NORTEC, 2015 Cardiology © Heart function: overview
- 10. END The creation of this presentation was supported by a grant from THET: see https://www.thet.org/