The document provides information about the orange clownfish (Amphiprion percula), including its habitats, physical description, diet, mating and reproduction behaviors, and symbiotic relationship with sea anemones. It discusses how clownfish find and establish symbiosis with anemones through chemical cues, and how their thick mucus coating provides protection from the anemone's stinging cells. The document also lists national parks in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and describes aspects of biodiversity found in the region.

1. ORANGE CLOWN FISH
(AmpHIpRION pERCuLA)
DEBJIT pARuI
6TH SEmESTER,u.G
B.SC (H) IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
ROLL NO- 21008216022
REG NO-162102410012
INSTITuTE OF GENETIC ENGINEERING

2. GENOVOYAGE 2018
SCHEDuLE OF THE TOuR
10.09.2018 : Port Blair From
CCU Or Kolkata Airport
10.09.2018 : Port Blair
Cellular Jail ,Viper Island.
11.09.2018 : Ross Island ,
North Bay Island
12.09.2018 : Cruise To
Havelock Island .
13.09.2018 : Vijay Nagar
Beach , Kala Pathar Beach
14.09.2018: Radhanagar
Beach.
15.09.2018: Cruise To Neill
Island.
16.09.2018 : Bharatpur Beach
17.09.2018 : Lakshmanpur
Beach , Cruise To Port Blair
18.09.2018 : Flight To CCU
Airport From Port Blair

3. ANDAmAN AND NICOBAR
ISLAND
'Andaman' is derived from the
Malay word for the Hindu
deity Hanuman, and 'Nicobar'
means ‘the land of naked
people.
• There are 572 islands in the
territory having an area of
8,249 km2 (3,185 sq mi).
• Capital: Port Blair.
• Languages: Bengali (28.49),
Hindi (19.29%), Nicobarese ,
Malayalam etc.
• Co-ordinates(Port Blair) –
11°40′48″N, 92°46′12″E
• Recorded 197 different
species of coral out of which
111 are newly identified.
• The tribes called ‘Jarwa’
tribe inhabiting North
Sentinel don’t interact with
outsiders for centuries.

4. NATIONAL pARkS IN ANDAmAN AND NICOBAR
ISLANDS
1. mAHATmA GANDHI mARINE NATIONAL
pARk (281.50km²)
2. mOuNT HARRIET NATIONAL pARk
(46.62km²)
3. CAmpBELL BAY NATIONAL pARk
(426.23km²)
4. NORTH BuTTON ISLAND NATIONAL pARk
(114km² )
5. SADDLE pEAk NATIONAL pARk(32.54km²) 6. GALATHEA NATIONAL pARk(110km²)

5. Flora Of Andaman And Nicobar
COCONuT
HALA-FRuIT
WATER-LILLYSSTAR-FRuIT
CuSTARD AppLE
mARI-GOLD
kEVDARED BERRIES
LOBSTER-CLAWS
BANkSIA

6. Fauna Of Andaman And Nicobar
mONOCLED COBRAHORNBILL
LONG-TAILED
mACAQuE
SALTWATER-CROCODILE
ANDAmAN
BuTTERFLY
DuGONG
LEATHERBACk
TuRTLE
CHITAL DEER
COCONuT CRAB
ANDAmAN LIZARD

7. BIODIVERSITY
Biological diversity or biodiversity in short, is the sum
of all different species of microorganisms, fungi ,
plants and animals living on Earth and the variety of
habitats in which they live.They hold immense value
for man and central to the survival of human
civilizations.

8. ASPECTS OF BIODIVERSITY
1.GENETIC
DIVERSITY
It refers to the
diversity of
genes
within two
different
species.
e.g.beagles
&rottweller
are dogs.
2.SPECIES
DIVERSITY
It refers to
variety of
species within
a region.
For instance:
monkey &
human belong
to different
species.
3.ECOSYSTM
BIODIVERSIY
Diversity of a
place at the
ecosystem
level.
e.g. terrestrial
&
aquatic
ecosystem.
BIODIVERSITY
The variety and
variability among
living
organisms and the
ecological complexes
in
which they occur.

10. 2.

12. INDEX
1. Intro
2. Phylogenetic Tree
3. Conservation Status
4. Varieties Of Clownfish
5. Distribution and
Habitats
6. Description
7. Diet
8. Movement and Mating
9. Reproduction
10.Symbiosis and
Mutualism
11.Interesting Facts
12.References
13.Acknowledge-ment.

13. RANgE ClOwNFISh
The orange clownfish (Amphiprion percula) also known as
percula clownfish and clown anemonefish, is widely known as a
popular aquarium fish. Like other clownfishes (also known as
anemonefishes), it often lives in association with sea anemones.
A. percula is associated specifically with Ritteri anemone and the
giant carpet anemone , and as larvae use chemical cues released
from the anemones to identify and locate the appropriate host
species to use them for shelter and protection.
SCIENTIFIC NAmE : (Amphiprion percula)

14. In Disney/Pixar's 2003
film Finding Nemo and
its 2016 sequel Finding
Dory, main characters
Marlin and Nemo are
clownfish. The species
depicted in the film
isn't A. ocellaris. Cause
A. ocellaris does not
have thick black edging
outlining the fins.So
Nemo in these flims
belongs to A. percula
catagory.

15. Phylogenetic tree of
Percula clown fish

16. conservation status

17. (False Percula)
(Amphiprion ocellaris)
(True Percula )
(Amphiprion Percula)
Difference Between a. ocellaris
anD a. Percula
Common Name :
Ocellaris Clownfish or
Bali Clown.
It never has the black
edged borders around it’s
white bars.
It has 11 (rarely 10) dorsal
spines.
The spinous(anterior) part
of the dorsal fin is taller.
Common Name :
Orange Clownfish.
It has 10 (rarely 9)
dorsal spines.
It often has black edged
borders of varied
widths around it’s
white bars.

20. haBitat
Anemonefish are specialized coral reef fish that live within
host anemones and are found in warmer waters in the Pacific
and Indian Oceans ,Andaman and Nicobar islands, off
northwest Australia, southeast Asia, and Japan. Both A.
percula and the anemones reside in shallow waters and the
depth usually does not exceed 12 m with water temperatures
ranging between 25 and 28 °C. Unless a significant size
difference exists, two anemonefish species show aggression
towards each other when trying to occupy the same host
anemone. This is why the supply of nearby anemone hosts so
strongly influences A. percula’s ability to achieve recruitment
and survival in general.

21. DescriPti
on
Clownfish are very
small they are
usually 4.3
inches(11 cm).The
clownfish is bright
orange with three
very noticeable
white bars. They
are 250 grams(250
paper clips).It has
scales and gills so
it could survive in
the water. The
anterior white bar
is placed just
behind the eye,
the middle bar
goes straight
down the middle
of the fish, and the
posterior bar
occurs near the
caudal fin. An
anterior projecting
bulge also exists
on the middle bar.
MoveMen
t
The clownfish
can swim.
Clownfish
avoid being
harmed by
swimming a
funky dance
around the
anemones
poisonous
tentacles or
other
clownfish
eating animals.
Clown fishs are
very extremely
aggressive by
behavior cause
they are quite
active, they
are thought to
be “clowling
about “.
Diet
The clownfish is a
carnivore and can wait
until the anemone has
stung or eaten its prey.
Besides dead tentacles
and anemone’s
leftovers, the Clownfish
eats various algae &
plankton. . Clownfish
eat the leftovers from
fish on the anemone
and algae. The leftovers
include copepods,
isopods and
zooplankton.

22. Mating SySteM-MonogaMouS
• Monogamous pair-bond formations between male and
female individuals of A. percula are very strong and
correlated with the small territory size that this species
occupies. Despite being restricted to the immediate vicinity
of its host anemone, A. percula can breed/spawn year
round due to the perpetually warm tropical waters they
inhabit.
• Initiation of courtship is highly correlated with the lunar
cycle. The moonlight serves to maintain a high level of
alertness in the male, which then leads to increased social
interaction with the female. Several days before spawning,
the male will show morphological and behavioral changes:
fin erection, chasing, nest preparation, and “signal
jumping.” This last trait is depicted with rapid up and down
swimming motions. Finally, extensions of anal, dorsal, and
pelvic fins accompany the aggressiveness of the male.

23. RepRoduction and Life
cycLe
The clownfish are born by
eggs and the mother has
lots of babies at a time.it
takes one year for a baby to
be born. Both clownfish
parents keep guard of the
babies, and chases fish that
come. The baby clownfish is
very small and see through
to hide from predators.
Females lay few hundred or
thousands of eggs
(depending on the species)
during the full moon. Eggs
are placed on the
underwater rocks. The male
takes care of them until
they hatch. Incubation lasts
between 6 to 10 days and
ends with huge number of
young Clownfish that
appear usually 2 hours after
dusk.

24. Symbiosis and mutualism
The clownfish hide from predators by
hiding in the anemone. The
Clownfish is immune to the venom of
anemone because it has thick layer of
mucus on the surface of the body.
The clownfish does a funky dance
which is how it communicates.
Anemonefish and sea anemones
have a symbiotic, mutualistic
relationship, each providing a
number of benefits to the other.
The clownfish protecting themself by
hiding in the anemone
Several theories survive the sea anemone
poison:
• The mucus coating of the fish may be based
on sugars rather than proteins. This would
mean that anemones fail to recognize the
fish as a potential food source and do not fire
their nematocysts, or sting organelles.
• The coevolution of certain species of
anemonefish with specific anemone host
species may have allowed the fish to evolve
an immunity to the nematocysts and toxins
of their hosts. Amphiprion percula may
develop resistance to the toxin from
Heteractis magnifica, but it is not totally
protected, since it was shown experimentally
to die when its skin, devoid of mucus, was
exposed to the nematocysts of its host.
It is friends with the
anemone.

26. MoSt inteReSting
factS
If they want to be
Interesting fact
about the
Clownfish is that
all eggs hatch as
males. When the
female in the
group dies,
dominant male
undergoes sex
change and turns
into female.
Rub as hard as you
can
When the young
baby finds its
anemone it rubs its
fins against the
anemone. The
Clownfish is
immune to the
venom of anemone
because it has thick
layer of mucus on
the surface of the
body.
The biggest one
The Clownfish are
small in size. They
can reach
between 2 and 5
inches in length.

27. RefeRence
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_c
https://www.iucnredlist.org/search?que
https://www.georgiaaquarium.org/anim
/
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=9JZM7HZQf
 https
://traveltriangle.com/blog/national-parks
/

https://www.livescience.com/55399-
clownfish.html

28. thank you