This document discusses cloud computing and its potential benefits for colleges. It defines different types of cloud computing including Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). The document notes that £1m was allocated for cloud projects between colleges. Potential benefits of cloud computing for colleges include flexibility, improved management of fluctuating IT demand, cost savings in staffing, licensing, infrastructure, and energy. Cloud computing could allow colleges to better meet student and staff expectations and enable greater access to resources.
Cloud Computing is an attractive research area for the last few years; and there have been a tremendous grows in the number of educational institutions all over the world who have either adopted or are considering migrating to cloud computing. However, there are many concerns and reservations about adopting conventional or public cloud based solutions. A new paradigm of cloud based solution has been proposed, namely, the private cloud based solutions, which becomes an attractive choice to educational Institutions. This paper presents the adjustment and implementation of private-based cloud solution for multi-campus educational institution, namely, Al-Balqa Applied University (BAU) in Jordan.
Recently, organizations have shown more interest in cloud computing because of the many advantages they provide (cost savings, storage capacity, scalability, and speed of loading). Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are one of the most important systems that have been upgraded to cloud computing. In this thesis, we focus on cloud ERP interoperability, which is an important challenge in cloud ERP. Interoperability is the ability of different components to work in independent clouds with no or minimum user effort. More than 20% of the risk rate of cloud adoption is caused by interoperability. Thus, we propose web services as a solution for cloud ERP interoperability. The proposed solution increases interoperability between different cloud service providers and between cloud ERP systems with other applications in a company.
A Detail Overview of Cloud Computing with its Opportunities and Obstacles in ...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Cloud computing is Internet ("cloud") based development and use of computer technology ("computing"). It is an emerging computing technology that uses the Internet and central remote servers to maintain data and applications. Cloud computing allows consumers and business to use applications without installation and access their personal files at any computer with Internet access. This technology allows for much more efficient computing by centralizing storage, memory, processing and bandwidth.
Cloud Computing is an attractive research area for the last few years; and there have been a tremendous grows in the number of educational institutions all over the world who have either adopted or are considering migrating to cloud computing. However, there are many concerns and reservations about adopting conventional or public cloud based solutions. A new paradigm of cloud based solution has been proposed, namely, the private cloud based solutions, which becomes an attractive choice to educational Institutions. This paper presents the adjustment and implementation of private-based cloud solution for multi-campus educational institution, namely, Al-Balqa Applied University (BAU) in Jordan.
Recently, organizations have shown more interest in cloud computing because of the many advantages they provide (cost savings, storage capacity, scalability, and speed of loading). Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are one of the most important systems that have been upgraded to cloud computing. In this thesis, we focus on cloud ERP interoperability, which is an important challenge in cloud ERP. Interoperability is the ability of different components to work in independent clouds with no or minimum user effort. More than 20% of the risk rate of cloud adoption is caused by interoperability. Thus, we propose web services as a solution for cloud ERP interoperability. The proposed solution increases interoperability between different cloud service providers and between cloud ERP systems with other applications in a company.
A Detail Overview of Cloud Computing with its Opportunities and Obstacles in ...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Cloud computing is Internet ("cloud") based development and use of computer technology ("computing"). It is an emerging computing technology that uses the Internet and central remote servers to maintain data and applications. Cloud computing allows consumers and business to use applications without installation and access their personal files at any computer with Internet access. This technology allows for much more efficient computing by centralizing storage, memory, processing and bandwidth.
An Analysis on Business Value of Cloud ComputingIOSR Journals
Abstract: The high costs incurred in multiple supplier/Buyer transaction forms the basis for the introduction of
a high-value agent service. This type of agent-based model can lower the cost for both buyers and sellers,
including monetary, mental and physical expenditure. Cloud computing is not just about cost. It can provide a
platform for a business to achieve its ambitions of having an “inclusive” IT system that covers entire supply
chain and its customers, enabling and generating business growth more effectively.
Keywords: Cloud computing, inclusive, Supply chain
In this paper, the SMB Group examines different cloud computing models and the types of requirements that each can best address, and discusses what midmarket businesses should look for in a cloud solutions provider.
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Lessons Learned: Pilot Texas Cloud Offering (PTCO) – PDF (267 KB, 13 pages)
Report on lessons learned from Texas state government and cloud provider pilot project; includes cloud computing overview
Today Cloud computing is used in a wide range of domains. By using cloud computing a user
can utilize services and pool of resources through internet. The cloud computing platform
guarantees subscribers that it will live up to the service level agreement (SLA) in providing
resources as service and as per needs. However, it is essential that the provider be able to
effectively manage the resources. One of the important roles of the cloud computing platform is
to balance the load amongst different servers in order to avoid overloading in any host and
improve resource utilization.
It is defined as a distributed system containing a collection of computing and communication
resources located in distributed data enters which are shared by several end users. It has widely
been adopted by the industry, though there are many existing issues like Load Balancing, Virtual
Machine Migration, Server Consolidation, Energy Management, etc.
Clloud computing provisioing and benifits altanai bisht 2nd year , part iiALTANAI BISHT
What is a cloud?
Definition , Benefits
Usage scenarios , Architecture
Cloud provisioning and management
Automated provisioning
Reservation & Scheduling
Open source
Virtualization
Storage architecture in the cloud
Piloting innovations on a cloud
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF USING CLOUD-BASED SERVICES IN CAPSTONE PROJECT DEVELOPMENTcsandit
Cloud computing is gaining prominence and popularity in three important forms: Software as a Service, Platform as a Service, and Infrastructure as a Service. In this paper, we will present
an empirical study of how these cloud-based services were used in an undergraduate Computer Science capstone class to enable agile and effective development, testing, and deployment of sophisticated software systems, facilitate team collaborations among students, and ease the project assessment and grading tasks for teachers. Especially, in this class, students and teachers could leverage time, talent, and resources collaboratively and distributedly on his/her own schedule, from his/her convenient location, and using heterogeneous programming platforms thanks to such a completely All-In-Cloud environment, which eliminated the necessity of spending valuable development time on local setup, configuration, and maintenance, streamlined version control and group management, and greatly increased the collective productivity of student groups. Despite of the relatively steep learning curve in the beginning of the semester, all nine groups of students benefitted tremendously from such an All-In-Cloud experience and eight of them completed their substantial software projects successfully. This paper is concluded with a vision on expandin and standardizing the adoption of the Cloud ecosystem in other Computer Science classes in the future.
Cloud computing technology has been a new buzzword in the IT industry and expecting a new horizon for coming world. It is a style of computing which is having dynamically scalable virtualized resources provided as a service over the Internet.
Best cloud computing training institute in noidataramandal
TECHAVERA is offering best In Class, Corporate and Online cloud computing Training in Noida. TECHAVERA Delivers best cloud Live Project visit us - http://www.techaveranoida.in/best-cloud-computing-training-in-noida.php
Now a days the work is being done by hiring the space and resources from the cloud providers in order to do work effectively and less costly. This paper describes the cloud, its challenges, evolution, attacks along with the approaches required to handle data on cloud. The practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than a local server or a personal computer. The need of this review paper is to provide the awareness of the current emerging technology which saves the cost of users.
Cloud Computing is utility software that has the ability to change the software company and making the software more attractive. Cloud Computing has altered the way IT world used to design software and hardware. The rise in web traffic and different services are increasing day by day making load balancing a big research topic. Cloud computing is technology which uses virtual machine as an alternative of physical machine to host, store and network the different components of computing. Load balancers are used for distributing loads to different virtual machines as an alternative of real machines in such a way that none of the machines gets burdened heavily or lightly. The load balancing needs to be done appropriately because disappointment in any one of the node can lead to inaccessibility of data.
An Analysis on Business Value of Cloud ComputingIOSR Journals
Abstract: The high costs incurred in multiple supplier/Buyer transaction forms the basis for the introduction of
a high-value agent service. This type of agent-based model can lower the cost for both buyers and sellers,
including monetary, mental and physical expenditure. Cloud computing is not just about cost. It can provide a
platform for a business to achieve its ambitions of having an “inclusive” IT system that covers entire supply
chain and its customers, enabling and generating business growth more effectively.
Keywords: Cloud computing, inclusive, Supply chain
In this paper, the SMB Group examines different cloud computing models and the types of requirements that each can best address, and discusses what midmarket businesses should look for in a cloud solutions provider.
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Lessons Learned: Pilot Texas Cloud Offering (PTCO) – PDF (267 KB, 13 pages)
Report on lessons learned from Texas state government and cloud provider pilot project; includes cloud computing overview
Today Cloud computing is used in a wide range of domains. By using cloud computing a user
can utilize services and pool of resources through internet. The cloud computing platform
guarantees subscribers that it will live up to the service level agreement (SLA) in providing
resources as service and as per needs. However, it is essential that the provider be able to
effectively manage the resources. One of the important roles of the cloud computing platform is
to balance the load amongst different servers in order to avoid overloading in any host and
improve resource utilization.
It is defined as a distributed system containing a collection of computing and communication
resources located in distributed data enters which are shared by several end users. It has widely
been adopted by the industry, though there are many existing issues like Load Balancing, Virtual
Machine Migration, Server Consolidation, Energy Management, etc.
Clloud computing provisioing and benifits altanai bisht 2nd year , part iiALTANAI BISHT
What is a cloud?
Definition , Benefits
Usage scenarios , Architecture
Cloud provisioning and management
Automated provisioning
Reservation & Scheduling
Open source
Virtualization
Storage architecture in the cloud
Piloting innovations on a cloud
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF USING CLOUD-BASED SERVICES IN CAPSTONE PROJECT DEVELOPMENTcsandit
Cloud computing is gaining prominence and popularity in three important forms: Software as a Service, Platform as a Service, and Infrastructure as a Service. In this paper, we will present
an empirical study of how these cloud-based services were used in an undergraduate Computer Science capstone class to enable agile and effective development, testing, and deployment of sophisticated software systems, facilitate team collaborations among students, and ease the project assessment and grading tasks for teachers. Especially, in this class, students and teachers could leverage time, talent, and resources collaboratively and distributedly on his/her own schedule, from his/her convenient location, and using heterogeneous programming platforms thanks to such a completely All-In-Cloud environment, which eliminated the necessity of spending valuable development time on local setup, configuration, and maintenance, streamlined version control and group management, and greatly increased the collective productivity of student groups. Despite of the relatively steep learning curve in the beginning of the semester, all nine groups of students benefitted tremendously from such an All-In-Cloud experience and eight of them completed their substantial software projects successfully. This paper is concluded with a vision on expandin and standardizing the adoption of the Cloud ecosystem in other Computer Science classes in the future.
Cloud computing technology has been a new buzzword in the IT industry and expecting a new horizon for coming world. It is a style of computing which is having dynamically scalable virtualized resources provided as a service over the Internet.
Best cloud computing training institute in noidataramandal
TECHAVERA is offering best In Class, Corporate and Online cloud computing Training in Noida. TECHAVERA Delivers best cloud Live Project visit us - http://www.techaveranoida.in/best-cloud-computing-training-in-noida.php
Now a days the work is being done by hiring the space and resources from the cloud providers in order to do work effectively and less costly. This paper describes the cloud, its challenges, evolution, attacks along with the approaches required to handle data on cloud. The practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than a local server or a personal computer. The need of this review paper is to provide the awareness of the current emerging technology which saves the cost of users.
Cloud Computing is utility software that has the ability to change the software company and making the software more attractive. Cloud Computing has altered the way IT world used to design software and hardware. The rise in web traffic and different services are increasing day by day making load balancing a big research topic. Cloud computing is technology which uses virtual machine as an alternative of physical machine to host, store and network the different components of computing. Load balancers are used for distributing loads to different virtual machines as an alternative of real machines in such a way that none of the machines gets burdened heavily or lightly. The load balancing needs to be done appropriately because disappointment in any one of the node can lead to inaccessibility of data.
Cloud Computing is an attractive research area for the last few years; and there have been a tremendous
grows in the number of educational institutions all over the world who have either adopted or are
considering migrating to cloud computing. However, there are many concerns and reservations about
adopting conventional or public cloud based solutions. A new paradigm of cloud based solution has been
proposed, namely, the private cloud based solutions, which becomes an attractive choice to educational
Institutions. This paper presents the adjustment and implementation of private-based cloud solution for
multi-campus educational institution, namely, Al-Balqa Applied University (BAU) in Jordan.
Cost Benefits of Cloud vs. In-house IT for Higher EducationCSCJournals
Cloud Computing is an excellent alternative for Higher Education in a resource limited setting. Universities should take advantage of available cloud-based application offered by service providers and enable their own user/student to perform business and academic tasks. In this paper, we will compare the cost between on-premise options and Cloud Computing. Two cost estimates will be created, the firstfor building and setting up IT infrastructure in-house in Federal University of Technology (FUTO), Nigeria while the second cost estimate will be for setting up IT in the cloud for the same Institution.This will enable us know the cost benefit cloud has over onpremise in setting up IT in Higher Educations.
A PROPOSED MODEL FOR IMPROVING PERFORMANCE AND REDUCING COSTS OF IT THROUGH C...ijccsa
Information technologies are affecting the big business enterprises of todays from data processing and
transactions to achieve the goals efficiently and effectively, affecting creates new business opportunities
and towards new competitive advantage, service must be enough to match the recent trends of IT such as
cloud computing. Cloud computing technology has provided all IT services. Therefore, cloud computing
offers an alternative to adaptable with technology model current , creating reducing cost (Fixed costs and
ongoing), the proliferation of high speed Internet connections through Rent, not acquisitions, cheaper
powerful computing technology and effective performance. The public and private clouds are characterized
by flexibility, operational efficiency that reduces costs improve performance. Also cloud computing
generates business creativity and innovation resulted from collaborative ideas of users; presents cloud
infrastructure and services; paving new markets; offering security in public and private clouds; and
providing environmental impact regarding utilizing green energy technology. In this paper, the main
concentrate the cloud computing.
A Proposed Model for Improving Performance and Reducing Costs of IT Through C...neirew J
Information technologies are affecting the big business enterprises of todays from data processing and
transactions to achieve the goals efficiently and effectively, affecting creates new business opportunities
and towards new competitive advantage, service must be enough to match the recent trends of IT such as
cloud computing. Cloud computing technology has provided all IT services. Therefore, cloud computing
offers an alternative to adaptable with technology model current , creating reducing cost (Fixed costs and
ongoing), the proliferation of high speed Internet connections through Rent, not acquisitions, cheaper
powerful computing technology and effective performance. The public and private clouds are characterized
by flexibility, operational efficiency that reduces costs improve performance. Also cloud computing
generates business creativity and innovation resulted from collaborative ideas of users; presents cloud
infrastructure and services; paving new markets; offering security in public and private clouds; and
providing environmental impact regarding utilizing green energy technology. In this paper, the main
concentrate the cloud computing.
Cloud Computing Applications and Benefits for Small Businesses .docxclarebernice
Cloud Computing: Applications and Benefits for Small Businesses
Abstract
Cloud computing is one of the most talked about topics in the world of technology and entrepreneurship. Until now it has never been so easy for people, especially small business owner’s, to have the tools and resources readily available just one click away and at the fraction of the cost of the typical investment a few years back. Cloud computing offers cost-effective solutions at various levels that can be customize to meet the needs of anyone. Cloud computing can be thought of as a new found technology and this paper defines the concept of the cloud and provides a brief background of where most business are in regards to the use of this technology. This is then continued by describing the types of cloud currently available and potential use. The paper then presents a short but important section of cloud security issues and challenges. Finally, the paper discusses the benefits each of the different levels of cloud computing can provide small business.
Introduction
The use of cloud computing has grown exponentially in the last decade, according to Weins (2015) eight-four percent of enterprises that make use of such services in one way or another. Could computing by definition is internet-based computing, where by shared resources, software and information are provided to the end user as metered services much like a utility does(Bradley, 2014). For businesses in many cases could computing is use for IT solution purposes as it can provide IT-related capabilities as a service using internet technologies.
With the fast pace of today’s market businesses need to provide fast and reliable services to their customers in order to remain competitive. The concept of could computing is not something new as it uses existing technology and processes; however it can be consider new in sense that using these technologies has revolutionized the manner in which we host and cater services to customers. Startup companies and small businesses can take advantage of could computing to reduce spending on IT, be more adept to changes in the market, change scale and lower risk and cost.
Given the structural complexity of larger organization, Alijani (2014) states that it is essential for cloud computing to deliver rear value rather than serve as a platform for simple task. The need to deliver rear value is just as important for small businesses. For small businesses value is important but it’s their customer relationship and public image, flexibility and continuity. As such small business owners need to consider the benefits, drawback s and the effect of cloud computing on their organization before taking the decision to implement.
Types of cloud computing
There are three categories or levels cloud computing, this are: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS).
Infrastructure as a Service (I ...
Review and Classification of Cloud Computing Researchiosrjce
IOSR journal of VLSI and Signal Processing (IOSRJVSP) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of VLSI Design & Signal Processing. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced VLSI Design & Signal Processing concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
Design and realization of microelectronic systems using VLSI/ULSI technologies require close collaboration among scientists and engineers in the fields of systems architecture, logic and circuit design, chips and wafer fabrication, packaging, testing and systems applications. Generation of specifications, design and verification must be performed at all abstraction levels, including the system, register-transfer, logic, circuit, transistor and process levels
An Efficient MDC based Set Partitioned Embedded Block Image CodingDr. Amarjeet Singh
In this paper, fast, efficient, simple and widely used
Set Partitioned Embedded bloCK based coding is done on
Multiple Descriptions of transformed image. The maximum
potential of this type of coding can be exploited with discrete
wavelet transform (DWT) of images. Two correlated
descriptions are generated from a wavelet transformed image
to ensure meaningful transmission of the image over noise
prone wireless channels. These correlated descriptions are
encoded by set partitioning technique through SPECK coders
and transmitted over wireless channels. Quality of
reconstructed image at the decoder side depends upon the
number of descriptions received. More the number of
descriptions received at output side, more enhance the quality
of reconstructed image. However, if any of the multiple
description is lost, the receive can estimate it exploiting the
correlation between the descriptions. The simulations
performed on an image on MATLAB gives decent
performance and results even after half of the descriptions is
lost in transmission.
Swiftly increasing demand of computational
calculations in the process of business, transferring of files
under certain protocols and data centers force to develop an
emerging technology cater to the services for computational
need, highly manageable and secure storage. To fulfill these
technological desires cloud computing is the best answer by
introducing various sorts of service platforms in high
computational environment. Cloud computing is the most
recent paradigm promising to turn around the vision of
“computing utilities” into reality. The term “cloud
computing” is relatively new, there is no universal agreement
on this definition. In this paper, we go through with different
area of expertise of research and novelty in cloud computing
domain and its usefulness in the genre of management. Even
though the cloud computing provides many distinguished
features, it still has certain sorts of short comings amidst with
comparatively high cost for both private and public clouds. It
is the way of congregating amasses of information and
resources stored in personal computers and other gadgets
and further putting them on the public cloud for serving
users. Resource management in a cloud environment is a
hard problem, due to the scale of modern data centers, their
interdependencies along with the range of objectives of the
different actors in a cloud ecosystem. Cloud computing is
turning to be one of the most explosively expanding
technologies in the computing industry in this era. It
authorizes the users to transfer their data and computation to
remote location with minimal impact on system performance.
With the evolution of virtualization technology, cloud
computing has been emerged to be distributed systematically
or strategically on full basis. The idea of cloud computing has
not only restored the field of distributed systems but also
fundamentally changed how business utilizes computing
today. Resource management in cloud computing is in fact a
typical problem which is due to the scale of modern data
centers, the variety of resource types and their inter
dependencies, unpredictability of load along with the range of
objectives of the different actors in a cloud ecosystem.
Cloud Computing: Business Trends and the Challengesidescitation
The purpose of this paper is to provide information
to businesses interested in cloud computing. First we define
cloud computing and discuss the different service and
deployment models from a business standpoint. Then we move
into business cases for the cloud and the strengths of each
service and deployment model. We follow this up with business
attributes that tend to drive a cloud adaption and the effects of
cloud on business IT. The last section reveals the challenges
of cloud computing ranging from security concerns and legal
issues, to negotiation of an adequate service level agreement.
Researching How Cloud Computing Enhances the Businesses GrowthAJASTJournal
The Internet of Things (IoT) changes several sectors, including education, logistics, and manufacturing. The IoT is a web-based system that integrates and syncs a wide range of machines or appliances with gates, third-party technologies, and apps on machinery and cloud computing networks. Cloud computing performs a significant part in the framework layer with the thriving development of IoT. In a range of industries cloud computing technology was built into unique forms of cloud computing: Everything-as-a-Sevice (Xaas), Education-as-a-Service (EaaS), Logistics-as-a-Service (LaaS), and Manufacturing-as-a-Service (MaaS). Researchers and professionals have drawn substantial attention to the applicability of cloud computing in different sectors. Essential evaluation, framework architecture, and structural study are the primary forms of science. Large data, computational technology, service orientation, and IoT refer to cloud computing systems (e.g., XaaS, EaaS, LaaS, MaaS). This research analyzed the technological patterns in new cloud computing technology and examined cloud computing studies. The results demonstrate that knowledge and innovation are the main concerns guiding cloud science.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2. Cloud computing and Colleges
‘The rise of the cloud is more than just another platform shift that gets geeks excited. It will
undoubtedly transform the information technology industry, but it will also profoundly change
the way people work and companies operate.’1
‘As with every other computing trend, the skill lies in harnessing the technology in an
appropriate, safe, rational and timely manner, and everyone’s journey will necessarily reflect
a bespoke mix of factors’.2
Introduction
Cloud computing is a means by which an organisation secures access, as and when it is
needed, to a shared pool of computing resources. The resources might include networks,
servers, storage, applications and services via a cloud computing provider who will manage
the resources for the organisation. Large cloud computing providers include Microsoft,
Google, IBM, Amazon, RM and others. In the education sector, the Joint Information System
Committee (JISC) and the Joint Academic Network (JANET) are increasingly involved in the
provision of trusted brokerage services for the provision of cloud services. The use of cloud
computing has the potential to reduce the need for complex internal infra-structure and to
thus make the management of computing resources more efficient. Moreover, cloud
computing is a way of delivering an IT service as a utility so that at any point in time the
organisation uses what it needs and pays for it according to usage.
For the purpose of this paper, cloud computing is defined as either:
Software as a service (SaaS) is the use of software and its associated data when
hosted centrally by the cloud computing provider such that the organisation accesses
it when and where required. It reduces the need for the purchase of software licences
per desktop machine and the need for high levels of processing power at the
desktop. Examples include e-mail systems such as Gmail and applications such as
Customer Relationship Management Systems (CRM).
Platform as a Service (PaaS) is the ‘rental’ of hardware, operating systems, storage
and network capacity over the internet. It allows the organisation to rent virtual
servers and associated services for running existing applications and developing new
ones. It offers significant advantages for development teams. The focus here is often
on saving costs in the development of applications by using infrastructure services. A
PaaS is a platform for developers to write and maintain their own SaaS. For example,
Windows Azure is an open and flexible cloud platform that enables developers to
build, deploy and manage applications across a global network of Microsoft-managed
data centres. Facebook is a platform where developers can write and maintain their
own social applications. The Google App Engine is a cloud computing platform for
developing and hosting applications in Google data centres.
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) refers to the de facto outsourcing of the IT
equipment used to support operations. This includes storage, hardware, servers and
network components. The cloud computing provider owns the IT equipment and is
responsible for housing, running and maintaining it. Organisations normally pay on a
pay per use basis but can opt for an annual fee.
1
(‘Special Report on Corporate IT’, The Economist, 2008).
2
Fenn, J. & Raskino, M., (Mastering the Hype Cycle: How to choose the right innovation at the right
time, Harvard Business Press, 2008, p.7)
3. The difference between IaaS and PaaS is that in IaaS the user organisation normally retains
control over the environment, whilst in PaaS the environment is controlled for the
organisation. The line between PaaS and IaaS is becoming more blurred as cloud
computing providers introduce tools as part of IaaS that help with deployment.
There are differences in the way cloud computing might be deployed. A ‘public cloud’ is the
model whereby the cloud computing provider makes the IT resources available to the
general public over the internet. A ‘community cloud’ shares infrastructure between several
organisations with common interests or technical requirements. A ‘private cloud’ refers to the
infrastructure provided solely for the benefit of a single organisation. A ‘hybrid cloud’ is, as
the name suggests, a mixture of elements of any of the above.
AoC and cloud computing
Cloud computing is progressively being implemented in a wide range of public and private
sector organisations. It has many potential advantages in cost and energy savings and it has
the potential to enable new ways of working. Colleges are already using cloud computing in
a number of ways. The range of new providers of cloud computing and the many different
ways in which it might be implemented means that there is a need for Colleges to share
practice in the adoption of cloud computing in order to access the best expertise in the field.
The Collaboration and Shared Services Board, established by the Department for Business
Innovation and Skills (BIS), allocated £1m for cloud projects from the Shared Services Grant
Fund, managed by AoC. The aim of the Board was to progress cloud computing in Colleges
through the provision of funding of a range of projects.
Colleges were invited to bid for individual projects by completing an Invitation to Tender (ITT)
that had been written by AoC and other partners in the Shared Services project. The ITT
allowed Colleges to bid for project funding provided they met the definitions of SaaS or IaaS
described above. The ITT were assessed by independent experts, the AoC Innovation
Committee and the Shared Services Board before contracts were drawn up for the
successful applicants.
A total of 36 bids were selected covering a range of projects involving Colleges and
commercial suppliers. The projects are now running and are being managed by the AoC
Shared Services project management team. Upon completion, the project reports will be
collated to produce reports which will be communicated to the AoC membership.
The potential benefits of cloud computing to Colleges.
Colleges have a history of innovation in the way they support learners and employers. Too
often, however, innovation is hampered by the rigidity of existing IT provision. The benefits to
be gained from cloud computing depend on the way it is deployed within individual Colleges.
Potential benefits include flexibility to engage in new ways of working, improved
management of IT capacity to meet fluctuating demand and cost savings in staff, software
licensing, infra-structure and energy. Any use of cloud computing therefore has to be
considered within the context of the College’s overall strategy such that it allows for the
flexibility to deliver innovation.
Students and staff, who will be enjoying the benefits of cloud computing in their everyday
lives, will expect these benefits to be available in their College. This will include accessing
learning applications using mobile technologies at home and in the workplace. While
meeting the expectations of staff and students are important factors in of themselves, an
4. example being allowing College marketing teams to interact with potential students through
social media, there are, perhaps, more significant benefits to the use of cloud computing
such as allowing for greater access to College resources by those with limited access to on
site systems and networks.
Colleges experience fluctuating demands for IT capacity. The factors which affect demand
vary at different times of the year, such as enrolment, or by changes to government
requirements in data management or teaching and learning and the changes in the
commercial contracts managed by Colleges. Cloud computing enables the management of
IT capacity according to need. If cloud computing is thought of as a means of providing a
service as a utility the issues associated with fluctuating demand might be resolved.
As more IT capacity is required for teaching, learning and administration in Colleges, there
will be more demand for server capacity. Whilst many Colleges currently meet changing
needs through the virtualisation of servers on its own systems, cloud computing ought to
remove the need to purchase additional servers and other capacity to satisfy short-term
demands. Cloud computing reduces the need for College based servers, itself a cost saving,
and there are significant savings to be made in energy costs associated with the running of
on-site infrastructure. The deployment of cloud computing in this area should also be
considered with reference to the under-utilisation of server capacity in most Colleges.
Cloud computing, if deployed as part of the College strategic plan, may allow for the efficient
use of staff time. The costs and challenges of keeping up-to-date with specialist IT will be
transferred to the cloud computing provider. Whilst there will always be a need for specialist
IT staff within Colleges, cloud computing should be used to change the nature of the IT
management function in Colleges to a more strategic, user focused and less fragmented
approach. Routine tasks may be automated, thus freeing up staff to work on creative and
innovative solutions to the challenges they confront. Aspects of IT development might
remain with Colleges but the use of platform or infrastructure as a service means there will
be less need for specialist management of infrastructure.
If the cost savings described above are allied to those associated with savings in software
licensing and the management of software upgrades, the adoption of cloud computing
should change the nature of spending on IT from capital to revenue expenditure. Moreover,
there are real efficiencies to be made from a ‘community cloud’ approach as Colleges might
benefit from shared commitment to establish common requirements such as access, security
and legal issues.
Uses of cloud computing by Colleges
SaaS
Many Colleges already make use of cloud computing, in particular in the area of SaaS, with,
for example, externally hosted email systems for students and staff or externally hosted
CRM systems for Employer Responsive Learning. Colleges that do make use of SaaS are
well placed therefore to extend its use in the following areas:
Applications that have a significant need for web or mobile access, e.g. a Virtual
Learning environment such as Moodle or Blackboard
Software that is used for a short-term need, e.g. collaboration software, such as
Huddle, for a specific project
Software where demand spikes significantly, such as in enrolment
Applications, such as email newsletter campaign software, where there is significant
interaction and external clients
5. PaaS
College IT support teams, or their IT contractors, might wish to use PaaS to develop
applications such as social applications on Facebook or learning applications (Apple iTunes
or Google Android) for mobile devices. This approach might be especially useful in any
situation where multiple developers will be working on a development project or where other
external parties need to interact with the development process. The use of PaaS is also
useful for those who have an existing data source, e.g. client information from a CRM tool,
and want to create applications which leverage that data.
IaaS
Colleges experienced in the use of cloud computing may wish to use IaaS to address the
following issues:
Where demand is very volatile, e.g. any time there are significant spikes and troughs
in terms of demand on the infrastructure
For situations where the College does not have the capital to invest in hardware
Where the college is growing rapidly, or merging with another college and scaling
hardware would be problematic
Where there is pressure on the organization to limit capital expenditure and to move
to revenue expenditure
For temporary College business such as pilot activities or short term initiatives
It is acknowledged, however, that there are situations where the use of cloud computing
would not be appropriate such as applications where legislation, or other regulation, does
not permit data being hosted externally. Whilst there are fears about the security of data held
by cloud computing providers the use of appropriate (for the individual College) Service
Level Agreements (SLA) with cloud computing providers ought to provide the assurance of
levels of security which may exceed existing on-site management of computing resources.
The adoption of cloud computing by Colleges is not simply a matter of solving technical
problems as a purely technical approach will not deliver in respect of the College’s future
strategic needs. Other factors to consider are:
The requirements of the College’s strategic and operational plans and how cloud
computing might best support delivery
The cultural and change management issues which feature in the successful
implementation of cloud computing and what this means for staff, students and other
stakeholders
SLA with a largely new set of cloud computing providers who are at an early stage in
their relationship with Colleges. Colleges need to avoid becoming unwittingly locked
into agreements with cloud computing providers that might prevent the delivery of
future requirements; Financial constraints
The level of student and staff expectations
In deploying cloud computing, it is clear that Colleges may require impartial and consistent
support and this is one reason why AoC has been so closely involved with the Shared
Services Board project.
A further means of support for Colleges lies with JISC and JANET, both of which have many
years of experience of supporting IT in further and higher education, e.g. JANET provides
the main external network infrastructure for this community. BIS are continuing to support
JISC/Janet and are currently in the process of securing Cabinet Office approval for the next
network upgrade, Janet6, and it has been recognised by Government that Janet offers
6. assured procurement and cost benefit. In 2011, JISC embarked on a £12m, HEFCE funded
pilot for cloud computing project for universities. The bulk of this funding is being applied to
infrastructure and JISC will be brokering cloud computing services to further and higher
education. It is hoped that JISC and Janet will be able to facilitate efficient procurement for
individual Colleges and universities and for the education sector as a whole. Advice on how
best to deploy cloud computing will be available through JISC Advance, JISC Infonet, JISC
Legal, and the Regional Support Councils (RSC) JISC are providing advice to the further
and higher education sectors. The more structured, and formally constituted, involvement of
AoC with the governance of JISC will help to ensure that the specific requirements of
Colleges are integrated into the JISC strategy for the innovative use of technology.
Conclusion
This paper has sought to clarify the definition of cloud computing as it has been used by AoC
in the context of the Shared Services Board project. In suggesting the possible uses, and
benefits, of deploying cloud computing, the paper is advocating a considered and
incremental adoption of the various cloud services available. The intention of the paper is not
to recommend any particular cloud computing provider, service or application and it is not
advocating the dismantling of College IT departments. It is suggested, however, that the
move towards cloud computing is inevitable for a series of technical and financial reasons.
The paper has described the benefits that cloud computing might bring Colleges, but has
been careful to recognise the series of factors which determine its successful adoption and
the support Colleges will require to realise those benefits.
AoC, working with BIS, JISC and other partners has helped to disburse funding for cloud
computing projects, and will continue to offer support in their implementation, but it is argued
here that Colleges should drive the development and implementation of cloud computing
such that it meets the College’s objectives and achieve the requisite gains for staff and
students.