This document provides an overview of cloud computing. It defines cloud computing and discusses its evolution from mainframe computers to today's cloud models. It describes the key advantages of cloud computing like reduced costs, improved scalability and reliability. It also covers various cloud service models like SaaS, PaaS and IaaS and deployment models including public, private and hybrid clouds. The document discusses opportunities and challenges of cloud computing and highlights advantages like lower computer costs, improved performance, reduced software costs and unlimited storage capacity.

1. CLOUD
COMPUTING
N.KUPPURASU AP/MCA

2. Topics
 What is Cloud Computing
 Cloud Evolution
 Why Cloud Computing
 Cloud Vs Grid and Utility
Computing
 Existing Method
 Cloud Computing Architecture
 Types of services
 Deployment Models
 Opportunities and Challenges
 Advantages of Cloud Computing
 Disadvantages of Cloud
Computing
 Areas of cloud computing
 Windows Azure
 Google App Engine
 Amazon EC2
 Opens tack
 BigData
 Hadoop
 MapReduce
 Summary
 References
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3. Technical Terms
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 Cloud
 Grid
 Utility
 Hosting
 Cluster
 Virtualization
 Datacenter

4. What is Cloud Computing
“Cloud computing is Internet-based
computing, whereby shared resources,
software, and information are provided to
computers and other devices on demand
through the Internet”
-Wikipedia Definition
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5. Cloud Evolution
Open
MPP
&
SMP
Commodity
Clusters
Grid
Computing
1990
Virtualized
Clusters
SaaS
PaaS
IaaS
1995 2000 2005 20071965 1980
CloudProprietary
Mainframe
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6. Why Cloud Computing
Eliminates capacity planning and sizing
Prevents ‘success disaster’
Eliminates scalability issues and risk of
failure
s Savings on Capital Investment
Savings on Data Center Space, Power and
Cooling
Minimizes Operational cost
Reduces TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) Reduces Risks
Re-invest saved Capex on new
initiatives
Focus on business, not on
infrastructure
Save on operations manpower
Better Budget Utilization
Quicker Time to Market
Create dev and test environments on the fly
Rely on speed & stability of the Cloud
provider
Remain Competitive
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7. Cloud Vs Grid and Utility Computing
Grid computing is a collection
of servers that are clustered
together to attack a single
problem. For a period of time,
the entire resources of the
grid are available to an user to
tackle a particularly difficult
compute problem.
Grid Computing Utility Computing
•Metered use of computational
resources
•Origin from utility services
(Electricity)
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8. Existing Method [Traditional Web Hosting]
Types of Hosting:
1. Shared Hosting
2. Dedicated Hosting
3. Virtual Private Server Hosting
Apart from choosing the type the user/webmaster
also has to choose the platform for his hosting and the
most popular are
- Linux and
- Windows
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9. Cloud Computing Architecture
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10. Cloud Computing
[Types of services]
Software as a service - service provider will give your users the service of using
their software, especially any type of applications software. Example-Google
(GOOG), Salesforce.com (CRM), NetSuite (N).
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11. Advantages of SaaS
 Saves the complexity of software installation.
 No need for maintenance, upgrades, and patches (for
example, for security fixes) for the IT team within the
enterprise.
 SaaS provider can provide this service to multiple
customers and enterprises, resulting in a multitenant
model.
 Monitoring application-delivery performance is the
responsibility of the SaaS provider.
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12. Cloud Computing
[Types of services]
Platform as a service - service provider only provide platform or a stack of
solutions for your users. It helps users saving investment on hardware and
software. Google GC engine and Force.com provide this type of service.
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13. Advantages of PaaS
 PaaS is a true cloud model in that applications do not
need to worry about the scalability of the underlying
platform (hardware and software).
 When enterprises write their application to run over the
PaaS provider’s software platform, the elasticity and
scalability is guaranteed transparently by the PaaS
platform.
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14. Cloud Computing
[Types of services]
Infrastructure as a service - service provider bears all the cost of servers,
networking equipment, storage, and backups. You just have to pay to take the
computing service. And the users build their own application software. Amazon
EC2 is a great example of this type of service.
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15. Advantages of IaaS
 Offers you the greatest degree of control of the three
models.
 Scaling and elasticity are your—not the provider’s—
responsibility.
 It is a mini do-it-yourself datacenter that you have to
configure to get the job done.
 Amazon uses virtualization as a critical underpinning of
its EC2 service, so you actually get a VM when you ask
for a specific machine configuration
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16. Cloud Computing
[Deployment Models]
Public cloud- this is the most popular type of cloud system and is
considered as a mainstream cloud system by cloud computing experts. In
public cloud system a third party data center provide both disk space and
computing power for all the application software. Amazon web and Google
apps is the two most popular public cloud computing service providers.
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17. Cloud Computing
[Deployment Models...]
Private cloud- unlike public cloud, you need to set up your own data center
and also bear all the installation & maintenance cost, and have complete
control of all your data. This system provides more security and privacy, but
it is more expensive cloud solution to public cloud.
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18. Cloud Computing
[Deployment Models...]
Hybrid Cloud - A hybrid cloud is a composition of at least one private cloud
and at least one public cloud. A hybrid cloud is typically offered in one of two
ways :
– A vendor has a private cloud and forms a partnership with a public cloud
provider
– A public cloud provider forms a partnership with a vendor that provides
private cloud platforms
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19. Key Characteristics
 Agility
 Cost
 Device and
 Reliability
 Scalability
 Security
 location
 Independence
 Multi tenancy
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20. Opportunities and Challenges
 The use of the cloud provides a number of
opportunities:
 It enables services to be used without any
understanding of their infrastructure.
 Cloud computing works using economies of scale:
 It potentially lowers the outlay expense for start up companies,
as they would no longer need to buy their own software or
servers.
 Cost would be by on-demand pricing.
 Vendors and Service providers claim costs by establishing an
ongoing revenue stream.
 Data and services are stored remotely but accessible
from “anywhere”.
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21. Opportunities and Challenges
 In parallel there has been backlash against cloud
computing:
 Use of cloud computing means dependence on others and that
could possibly limit flexibility and innovation:
 The others are likely become the bigger Internet companies like Google
and IBM, who may monopolise the market.
 Some argue that this use of supercomputers is a return to the time of
mainframe computing that the PC was a reaction against.
 Security could prove to be a big issue:
 It is still unclear how safe out-sourced data is and when using these
services ownership of data is not always clear.
 There are also issues relating to policy and access:
 If your data is stored abroad whose policy do you adhere to?
 What happens if the remote server goes down?
 How will you then access files?
 There have been cases of users being locked out of accounts and
losing access to data.
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22. Advantages of Cloud Computing
 Lower computer costs:
 You do not need a high-powered and high-priced computer to run
cloud computing's web-based applications.
 Since applications run in the cloud, not on the desktop PC, your
desktop PC does not need the processing power or hard disk space
demanded by traditional desktop software.
 When you are using web-based applications, your PC can be less
expensive, with a smaller hard disk, less memory, more efficient
processor...
 In fact, your PC in this scenario does not even need a CD or DVD
drive, as no software programs have to be loaded and no document
files need to be saved.
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23. Advantages of Cloud Computing
 Improved performance:
 With few large programs hogging your computer's memory,
you will see better performance from your PC.
 Computers in a cloud computing system boot and run
faster because they have fewer programs and processes
loaded into memory…
 Reduced software costs:
 Instead of purchasing expensive software applications, you
can get most of what you need for free-ish!
 most cloud computing applications today, such as the Google Docs suite.
 better than paying for similar commercial software
 which alone may be justification for switching to cloud applications.
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24. Advantages of Cloud Computing
 Instant software updates:
 Another advantage to cloud computing is that you are no longer
faced with choosing between obsolete software and high upgrade
costs.
 When the application is web-based, updates happen
automatically
 available the next time you log into the cloud.
 When you access a web-based application, you get the latest
version
 without needing to pay for or download an upgrade.
 Improved document format compatibility.
 You do not have to worry about the documents you create on your
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25. Advantages of Cloud Computing
 Unlimited storage capacity:
 Cloud computing offers virtually limitless storage.
 Your computer's current 1 Tbyte hard drive is small
compared to the hundreds of Pbytes available in the
cloud.
 Increased data reliability:
 Unlike desktop computing, in which if a hard disk
crashes and destroy all your valuable data, a
computer crashing in the cloud should not affect the
storage of your data.
 if your personal computer crashes, all your data is still out there
in the cloud, still accessible
 In a world where few individual desktop PC users back
up their data on a regular basis, cloud computing is a
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26. Advantages of Cloud Computing
 Universal document access:
 That is not a problem with cloud computing, because
you do not take your documents with you.
 Instead, they stay in the cloud, and you can access
them whenever you have a computer and an Internet
connection
 Documents are instantly available from wherever you
are
 Latest version availability:
 When you edit a document at home, that edited version
is what you see when you access the document at
work.
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27. Advantages of Cloud Computing
 Easier group collaboration:
 Sharing documents leads directly to better collaboration.
 Many users do this as it is an important advantages of
cloud computing
 multiple users can collaborate easily on documents and projects
 Device independence.
 You are no longer tethered to a single computer or
network.
 Changes to computers, applications and documents
follow you through the cloud.
 Move to a portable device, and your applications and
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28. Disadvantages of Cloud Computing
 Requires a constant Internet connection:
 Cloud computing is impossible if you cannot connect
to the Internet.
 Since you use the Internet to connect to both your
applications and documents, if you do not have an
Internet connection you cannot access anything, even
your own documents.
 A dead Internet connection means no work and in
areas where Internet connections are few or inherently
unreliable, this could be a deal-breaker.
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29. Disadvantages of Cloud Computing
 Does not work well with low-speed connections:
 Similarly, a low-speed Internet connection, such as
that found with dial-up services, makes cloud
computing painful at best and often impossible.
 Web-based applications require a lot of bandwidth to
download, as do large documents.
 Features might be limited:
 This situation is bound to change, but today many
web-based applications simply are not as full-featured
as their desktop-based applications.
 For example, you can do a lot more with Microsoft PowerPoint
than with Google Presentation's web-based offering
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30. Disadvantages of Cloud Computing
 Stored data might not be secure:
 With cloud computing, all your data is stored on the cloud.
 The questions is How secure is the cloud?
 Can unauthorised users gain access to your confidential
data?
 Stored data can be lost:
 Theoretically, data stored in the cloud is safe, replicated
across multiple machines.
 But on the off chance that your data goes missing, you
have no physical or local backup.
 Put simply, relying on the cloud puts you at risk if the cloud lets
you down.
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31. Areas of cloud computing
 Banking Financial Services
 Hospitals
 Educational institutions
 Backup Services
 Government
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32.  It is an operating System for the cloud
 It is designed for utility computing
 It provides facilities to:
 Write your apps (developer experience)
 Host your apps (compute)
 Manage your apps (service management)
 Store your data (storage)
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34.  Google App Engine lets you run web
applications on Google's infrastructure. App
Engine applications are easy to build, easy to
maintain, and easy to scale as your traffic and
data storage needs grow.
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36.  Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2)
is a web service that provides resizable
compute capacity in the cloud.
 EC2 works in conjunction with
 Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3),
 Amazon SimpleDB
 Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS)
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 OpenStack is a cloud computing project to provide
an infrastructure as a service (IaaS).
 OpenStack OpenStack is a global collaboration of
developers and cloud computing technologists
producing the ubiquitous open source cloud computing
platform for public and private clouds.

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 Big data is the term for a collection of data sets so large
and complex that it becomes difficult to process using
on-hand database management tools or traditional data
processing applications.
 The challenges include capture, curation, storage,
search, sharing, transfer, analysis, and visualization.

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 Apache Hadoop is an open-source software
framework that supports data-intensive distributed
applications, licensed under the Apache v2 license.
 It supports the running of applications on large clusters
of commodity hardware. Hadoop was derived
from Google's MapReduce and Google File
System (GFS) papers.

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 MapReduce is a programming model for processing
large data sets with a parallel, distributed algorithm on
a cluster.
 A MapReduce program comprises a Map() procedure
that performs filtering and sorting (such as sorting
students by first name into queues, one queue for each
name) and a Reduce() procedure that performs a
summary operation (such as counting the number of
students in each queue, yielding name frequencies).

42. Summary
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 We discussed the features of the Cloud
Computing and Windows Azure, Google App
Engine, Hadoop and MapReduce etc..
 Cloud is indeed an impactful technology that is
sure to transform computing in business.

43. References
 Windows Azure: www.windowsazure.com/
 Google App Engine (GAE):
http://code.google.com/appengine/docs/whatisgoogleap
pengine.html
 Amazon AWS: http://aws.amazon.com/free/
 OpenStack: www.openstack.org/
 Hadoop: hadoop.apache.org/
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing
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44. Questions
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45. Thank you...
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