Climate-smart agriculture: global experience and the African context

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FARA - Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa

An explanation of the concept of Climate-smart agriculture, and how how Africa can lead the science and implementation of it.

Technology

Climate-smart agriculture:
global experience and the African context
Sonja Vermeulen
Head of Research
CGIAR Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security

2
Outline
1. Concept: What is climate-smart agriculture?
2. Practice: Can we implement climate-smart
agriculture at scale, globally and in Africa?
3. Opportunities: How can Africa lead the
science and practice of climate-smart
agriculture?

Concept: What is climate-smart agriculture?

4
Food
security
Adaptation Environmental
footprint
0
5
10
15
20
25
US Malawi
GHG CO2-eq tonne per
capita
What is “climate-smart agriculture”?

5
http://www.climatesmartagriculture.org
FAO (2010). CSA is ‘agriculture that
sustainably increases
productivity, resilience
(adaptation), reduces/removes
GHGs (mitigation), and enhances
achievement of national food
security and development goals.’
Guidance on CSA principles
and practices

6
Farm and
community:
climate-smart
practices, instit
utions
Global: climate
models, international
agreements, finance
Climate-smart agriculture happens
at multiple levels
National and
regional:
enabling
policies, extension,
support, research, f
inance

Practice: Can we implement climate-smart
agriculture at scale, globally and in Africa?

9
Tanzania
Communities managing
4.12 million ha of forest
Niger
200 million trees
2.5 millionpeople
India
Agromet Advisory Services
reach over 2.5 million
farmers
Vietnam
Rice intensification by
1 million farmers
Ethiopia
8 million people in productive safety nets, inc. building natural assets
Brazil:
Reduce GHGs by
> 160 million
tons CO2e annually
Morocco:
63.5 million tons
CO2e saved over 20 years
India
Weather-based crop
Insurance > 9 million
Indian farmers

10
Upfront costs often substantial
Brazil: US$ 250 million over two years
Morocco: over US$ 1 billion per annum
Vietnam: US$ 500 million in 2011
Strong government
support is crucial
 Policy support, e.g. secure land and resource tenure
 Strategies for scaling-up
 Institutional frameworks
 Funding
CAADP e.g. Maputo
commitments, African Regional
Strategy on Disaster Risk Reduction
UNFCC e.g. Green Climate
Fund, Least Developed Countries
Fund, Adaptation Fund
Multi-lateral e.g. IFAD Adaptation for
Smallholder Agriculture Program, G8 Global
Agriculture & Food Security Program
Some private finance e.g. supply chain
security, carbon markets, corporate
social responsibility

Opportunities: How can Africa lead the
science and practice of climate-smart
agriculture?

12
 Regional Climate Outlook
Forums
 Major programs like
CORDEX, AMMA, WASCAL
 Met services & researchers
working at farmer level
1. Leadership in institutional support
e.g. climate information services

13
• Finance
• Land zoning
• Governance
• Markets
2. Coordinate agriculture & forestry
to incentivise sustainable landscapes
e.g. COMIFAC
(Commission des
Fôrets d’Afrique
Centrale)
Africa Soil Atlas 2013

14
3. Build innovation platforms
e.g. Agriculture & climate change
platforms initiated by CORAF/WECARD
 National think-tank teams for mainstreaming adaptation to climate
change in agricultural policies and strategies through knowledge
sharing, information exchange and dissemination, and
engagement of all stakeholders.
Four countries
• Burkina Faso
• Mali
• Niger
• Senegal

15
4. Get African science into policy
e.g. Partnership of CCAFS with
COMESA, EAC, SADC & Africa Climate
Policy Centre
Workshops and
aggregation of
scientific evidence
as basis for joint
submissions on
agriculture to the
UNFCCC

16
5. Bring policy and science
together to support
farmer-led innovations and options

17
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